Dark Ballet Explained

Dark Ballet
Cover:Madonna - Dark Ballet (single).png
Alt:Red colored image of a woman. She wears her hair in braids and has an eyepatch with the letter X. She also seems to be wearing a crown and an armor. The words DARK BALLET and MADONNA are written in capital letters in the lower part of the image.
Type:Promo
Artist:Madonna
Album:Madame X
Label:Interscope
Producer:
  • Madonna
  • Mirwais

"Dark Ballet" is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her fourteenth studio album Madame X (2019). It was released on June 7, 2019 as the album's third promotional single. Written and produced by Madonna and longtime collaborator Mirwais, the song contains a sample from The Nutcracker (1892) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and was inspired by the historical figure Joan of Arc. It is an experimental pop and electro-gospel piano ballad, with the use of vocoder on her vocals and lyrics about rebelling against the patriarchy.

"Dark Ballet" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who deemed it a highlight from Madame X and one of Madonna's most experimental songs. In the United Kingdom, "Dark Ballet" peaked at number 83 on the official downloads chart. A music video, directed by director Emmanuel Adjei, was released on June 7, 2019. It features rapper Mykki Blanco playing Joan of Arc. Madonna first performed "Dark Ballet" during the 2018 Met Gala, known then as "Beautiful Game", and as the second number of her 2019−20 Madame X Tour.

Background and composition

In 2017, Madonna relocated to Lisbon, Portugal seeking a top football academy for her son David, who wanted to become a professional association football player.[1] While living in the city, she began meeting artists, painters and musicians, who would invite her to "living room sessions". In these sessions, they would bring food, sit around the table and musicians would start playing instruments, singing fado and samba music.[1] Finding herself "connected through music", the singer decided to create an album; "I found my tribe [in Lisbon] and a magical world of incredible musicians that reinforced my belief that music across the world is truly all connected and is the soul of the universe".[1] [2] On April 15, 2019, Madonna revealed Madame X as the album's title. For the album, she worked with longtime collaborator Mirwais, who had previously worked on her albums Music (2000), American Life (2003) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005), as well as Mike Dean, who was a producer on Rebel Heart (2015), and Diplo.[3]

"Dark Ballet" was written and produced by Madonna and Mirwais, and samples Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker (1892).[4] [5] It has been described as an experimental pop[6] and electro-gospel piano ballad,[7] with the vocals making use of a vocoder, and lyrics that address the singer's faith and "lifelong crusade against the patriarchal forces of religion, gender, and celebrity".[8] [9] In the opening verse, Madonna sings with "forceful confidence" the phrase "I can dress like a boy/I can dress like a girl" and, in an ironic tone, how "our world is obsessed with fame".[10] Following a piano interlude, it morphs into a "sinister"[11] and "mangled, glitching" fragment from The Nutcrackers Dance of the Reed Pipes, in which Madonna sings in a heavily edited robotic voice "I will not denounce the things that I have said/I will not renounce my faith in my sweet Lord".[12] [13] This last part, according to AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, evokes Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film A Clockwork Orange.[11] Madonna then utters the phrase "The storm isn't in the air/it's inside of us".[14] The song ends with Madonna's daughters Stella and Estere blowing air through their lips, simulating wind.[15] Madonna said the main inspiration of the song was Joan of Arc. During an interview with Rolling Stone, she explained that even after Joan of Arc won the fight against the English, the French were not pleased and "judged her". They affirmed she was a man, a lesbian, a witch, and "burned her at the stake", despite her being fearless. Madonna concluded, "I admire that".[16] "Dark Ballet" was released the final promotional single from Madame X on June 7, 2019.

Reception

"Dark Ballet" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic deemed it an "ominous number" and one of the highlights of Madame X. El Hunt from NME said it was "as villainous and foreboding as Ray of Lights darkest moments", and compared it to the singer's 2002 single "Die Another Day". Slant Magazines Sal Cinquemani called its lyrical theme "Kafkaesque". Also from Slant Magazine, Alexa Camp praised the track for being "ambitious", as well as "a reminder of the wacky magic Madonna and Mirwais are capable of cooking up together".[17] Varietys Jeremy Helligar deemed it, alongside "God Control", as one of the moments in Madame X where "true weirdness sets in", and "the closest Madonna may ever come to her own 'Bohemian Rhapsody'". Robbie Barnett from the Washington Blade, wrote that it was one of the album's "standout" tracks, as well as "a bold statement of extreme artistic expression". Writing for Idolator, Mike Wass called it "a little heavy-handed, but nonetheless mesmerizing".[18] In a further review, Wass said it was the singer's "most experimental" single. Gay Times Daniel Megarry deemed it "arguably the most bizarre" song on Madonna's catalogue, as well as the fifth best song on Madame X.[19]

For Nicolas Hautman, from Us Weekly, it's a "dark, glitchy number".[20] The HuffPosts Daniel Welsh said "Dark Ballet" was the strangest song on the album, where the singer "takes the opportunity to let her detractors know that no matter what is thrown at her, she won’t be backing down".[21] Louise Bruton from The Irish Times, stated that the song is "an experimental stand against authoritarianism".[22] Johnny Coleman, from The Hollywood Reporter, noted that Madonna "does a decent Wendy Carlos impression" on "Dark Ballet".[23] Sean Maunier, from Metro Weekly, called it an "infectiously weird track".[24] Jaime Tabberer, from Gay Star News, compared it to Madonna's previous singles "Human Nature" (1995) and "What It Feels Like for a Girl" (2001), as all three songs exude "the same ferocious attitude" and touch on the themes of discrimination and sexism.[25] Michael Arceneaux of NBC News called it one of the album's "oddities".[26] On a negative review, Rich Juzwiak from Pitchfork said that "the 808 gloom of 'Dark Ballet' [...] is horrendous".[27] The Chicago Sun-Times Mark Kennedy wrote that the song "starts promising enough but drifts into a computer-altered pile of jumbled, pointless slogans".[28] In the United Kingdom, "Dark Ballet" peaked at number 83 on the official downloads chart the week of June 14.

Music video

The music video for "Dark Ballet" was released on June 7, 2019 and was directed by Dutch-Ghanaian director Emmanuel Adjei. It starred American rapper Mykki Blanco playing the role of a transgender Joan of Arc who gets burned at the stake.[29] Madonna met Blanco through producer Mike Dean and became interested in working with her.[30] After contacting her, Blanco flew to London and met her at her home. She had her listen to a finished version of the album and asked her to portray Joan of Arc in the video.[31] Blanco is openly gay and HIV-positive, and Madonna felt she could relate to Joan's struggles; "if you had existed as you in her time — you would have been burned at the stake as well", she told her.[31] According to Blanco, Madonna served as co-director and even worked on choreography, cinematography and costume design, but remained uncredited.[31] On June 5, she shared two previews of the video on her Instagram account: one showed her wearing a veil, intercut with religious iconography, while the other depicted Blanco being burned.

The video opens with a quote by Joan of Arc: "One life is all we have and we live it as we believe in living it. But to sacrifice what you are and to live without belief, that is a fate more terrible than dying". Told in a nonlinear narrative, it begins with Blanco held captive in a stone cell, she's wearing a dirty white robe with her wrists bound. She's then led by "stone faced" clergymen to her execution as she sings along to the lyrics.[30] Blanco is then seen dancing, first in a cathedral wearing a gold corset, similar to the one Madonna wore on her Blond Ambition World Tour (1990), pleading with the men to spare her, and then at an altar. The final shot is of a naked Blanco, her head shaved off, being burned at the stake while a bunch of veiled nuns, one of them Madonna, look from below.[31] The video ends with an "inspiring" quote from Blanco: "I have walked this earth, Black, Queer and HIV positive, but no transgression against me has been as powerful as the hope I hold within".

It received positive reviews from critics. Althea Legaspi from Rolling Stone, called it "cinematic". Alexa Camp noted a "blink-and-you'll-miss-it" shot from Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1928 film The Passion of Joan of Arc at the very beginning. She also saw similarities to Madonna's 1989 video for "Like a Prayer", specifically in the use of religious imagery and the story revolving around a persecuted black person. Camp concluded that by casting a person of color and not herself as "the oppressed", Madonna was highlighting "the disproportionate impact of the patriarchy on minorities". For Papers Justin Moran "[Mykki Blanco's] take on Joan of Arc mirrors how his own everyday relishes the in-between", also pointing out the singer's absence in the video.[30] Mike Wass hailed the video as a "gothic nightmare" and "eerie".[32] According to CNN's Chloe Melas, the video was "fresh proof that Madonna has never been afraid to push the limits".[33] In June 2019, it was named by Billboard as one of "The 20 Best Music Videos of 2019 (So Far)".[34]

Live performances

Madonna first performed "Dark Ballet", known then as "Beautiful Game", at the 2018 Met Gala.[12] After singing "Like a Prayer" and a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah" (1984), she began singing the song wearing a corset and a metallic arm accessory, her hair was braided and parted down the center.[35] [36] Several dancers, wearing similar costumes, performed a choreography that seemed to control and restrain her movements.[37] A fragment of "Dark Ballet" was included during Madonna's performance of "Future" and "Like a Prayer" as an interval act in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2019.[21] [38] The song was then included on the singer's Madame X Tour (2019−20), where it was the second song of the setlist.[39] The performance featured "Joan of Arc references, religious garb and battles with dancers in gas masks reminiscent of the mice in The Nutcracker", as well as a ballet breakdown halfway through.[40] [41] At one point, the singer gets pushed off a piano by one of the dancers.[42] Billboards Joe Lynch praised the number's "compelling mixture of Christian iconography and pagan pageantry".[43] The performance was included on the live album .

On October 9, 2021, following the release of the Madame X concert film, Madonna gave an "intimate cabaret performance" in the basement of Marcus Samuelsson's Harlem restaurant Red Rooster, and sang Lounge renditions of "Dark Ballet", "La Isla Bonita" (1987), Madame X album track "Crazy", and Cape Verdean coladeira song "Sodade"; she was dressed in a black cocktail dress with a "dramatic leg slit", lace gloves and long blonde wig.[44]

Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel adapted from the Madame X album liner notes.

Notes and References

  1. Smirke . Richard . Madonna Talks Giving 'Zero You-Know-Whats' on New 'Madame X' Album at London 'Medellin' Video Premiere . . 11 May 2020 . April 24, 2019 . 25 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060614/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8508668/madonna-medellin-video-premiere-london-inside-interview-madame-x . live .
  2. Web site: D'Zurilla . Christie . 'Medellín' introduces Madame X, Madonna's new global pop persona . . 11 May 2020 . April 17, 2019 . 14 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221828/https://www.chicagotribune.com/la-et-ms-madonna-medellin-new-song-madame-x-20190417-story.html . live .
  3. Web site: Polk . Milan . Everything We Know About Madonna's New Album Madame X . . 11 May 2020 . April 22, 2019 . 22 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190422231216/https://www.vulture.com/2019/04/everything-we-know-about-madonnas-new-album-madame-x.html . live .
  4. Madonna. Madame X. 2019. Liner notes. Interscope Records. B0030140-42.
  5. Web site: Earls . John . Watch Madonna's stunning 'Dark Ballet' video starring Mykki Blanco as Joan Of Arc . . 18 May 2020 . June 7, 2019 . 4 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191004080421/https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-madonnas-stunning-dark-ballet-video-starring-mykki-blanco-2505545 . live .
  6. Web site: Levine . Nick . 10 Things to know this week June 10–16 . . 18 May 2020 . June 16, 2019 . 20 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200220072439/http://www.bbcamerica.com/on-the-beat/2019/06/10-things-to-know-this-week-june-10-16 . live .
  7. Web site: Helligar . Jeremy . Album Review: Madonna's 'Madame X' . . 18 May 2020 . June 13, 2019 . 13 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190613191122/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/madonna-madame-x-album-review-1203242374/ . live .
  8. Web site: Beaumont-Thomas . Ben . Madonna: Madame X review – her most bizarre album ever . . 4 June 2019 . 18 May 2020 . 4 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190604114234/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jun/04/madonna-madame-x-review-her-most-bizarre-album-ever . live .
  9. Web site: Cinquemani . Sal . Review: Madonna's Madame X Is a Fearless, Eccentric Musical Memoir . . 18 May 2020 . June 12, 2019 . 13 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200513210310/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review-madonna-madame-x-is-a-fearless-eccentric-musical-memoir/ . live .
  10. Web site: Barnett . Robbie . 'X' marks the spot for daring new Madonna album . . 18 May 2020 . June 17, 2019 . 18 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141143/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/06/17/madame-x-review/ . live .
  11. Web site: Erlewine . Stephen Thomas . Stephen Thomas Erlewine . Madame X – Madonna – Songs, Reviews, Credits . . 11 May 2020 . June 14, 2019 . 26 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190626211738/https://www.allmusic.com/album/madame-x-mw0003274282 . live .
  12. Web site: Wass . Mike . "Dark Ballet" Is Madonna's Most Experimental Single Yet . 7 June 2019 . Idolator . 18 May 2020.
  13. Web site: Hunt . El . Madonna – 'Madame X' review . NME . 18 May 2020 . June 5, 2019 . 18 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200818072833/https://www.nme.com/reviews/madonna-madame-x-review-2505126 . live .
  14. Web site: Thorpe-Tracey . C.J. . Reviews: Madonna - Madame X . . 21 May 2020 . June 21, 2019 . 23 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923070227/https://thequietus.com/articles/26684-madonna-madame-x-review . live .
  15. 13 Things We Learned From Madonna's iHeartRadio Icons Interview. June 21, 2019. June 27, 2020. Billboard. June 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200623013344/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8516998/madonna-madame-x-iheartradio-icons-interview. live.
  16. Legaspi . Althea . See Madonna's New 'Dark Ballet' Video Featuring Mykki Blanco as Joan of Arc . . 18 May 2020 . June 7, 2019 . 20 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200520214425/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/madonna-dark-ballet-video-mykki-blanco-watch-845525/ . live .
  17. Web site: Camp . Alexa . Mykki Blanco Is a Trans Joan of Arc in Madonna's "Dark Ballet" Video – Watch . Slant Magazine . 18 May 2020 . June 7, 2019 . 8 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190608005250/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/mykki-blanco-is-a-trans-joan-of-arc-in-madonna-dark-ballet-video-watch/ . live .
  18. Web site: Wass . Mike . Album Review: Madonna's 'Madame X' Pushes The Boundaries Of Pop . . 18 May 2020 . June 17, 2019 . 25 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925071315/https://www.idolator.com/7803119/album-review-madonna-madame-x?chrome=1&Exc_D_LessThanPoint002_p1=1 . live .
  19. Web site: Megarry . Daniel . We ranked every song on Madonna's new album Madame X . . 22 May 2020 . June 25, 2019 . 20 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200220161100/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/123810/we-ranked-every-song-on-madonnas-new-album-madame-x/ . live .
  20. Web site: Hautman . Nicolas . Madonna's New Album 'Madame X' Is 'Wonderfully Weird': Review . . 22 May 2020 . June 14, 2019 . 15 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190615125451/https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/madonna-madame-x-review-album-is-wonderfully-weird/ . live .
  21. Web site: Welsh . Daniel . Madame X: Madonna Is An Artist Who's Always Had To Fight, And On Her New Album She Proves She's Not Done Yet . . 11 May 2020 . June 14, 2019 . 4 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220104003426/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/madonna-madame-x-new-album-review_uk_5d03582ce4b0985c419b4335?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL2i7S2HoqgR_uXbso6_65KGdpiNhTh84exG5pFhhCo5IJv8MQ0ILPBsvLiwnh3RleyogQND59esz7I6MZc8RzzJxIv5uQFwo0Ti5g7F8rI8mVKJ_RUVf2dfbqTtas12W-rHdW0eOPTaTD-LYw7rycEW5G2BngKtjv9JSAorwrR- . live .
  22. News: Bruton . Louise . Madonna: Madame X review – Big, ballsy and more than a bit bizarre . . 11 May 2020 . June 10, 2019 . 10 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190610113512/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/madonna-madame-x-review-big-ballsy-and-more-than-a-bit-bizarre-1.3920630 . live .
  23. Web site: Coleman . Johnny . Critic's Notebook: Madonna's Cringe-Worthy 'Madame X' . . 11 May 2020 . June 14, 2019 . 7 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200207062556/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/madonna-madame-x-album-review-1218535 . live .
  24. Web site: Maunier . Sean . Music Review: Madonna's chaotic 'Madame X' . . 19 May 2020 . June 7, 2019 . 31 January 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200131053254/https://www.metroweekly.com/2019/06/music-review-madonnas-chaotic-madame-x/ . live .
  25. Web site: Tabberer . Jaime . Madonna, Madame X track-by-track review: 'Intriguing Gaga-esque weirdness' . . 22 May 2020 . June 13, 2019 . 30 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190730064712/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/madonna-madame-x-track-by-track-review-intriguing-gaga-esque-weirdness/ . live .
  26. Web site: Arceneaux. Michael. Madonna's new album, 'Madame X,' makes me wish she'd just focus on being her iconic self. NBC News. May 22, 2020. June 15, 2019. September 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190917130514/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/madonna-s-new-album-madame-x-makes-me-wish-she-ncna1017796. live.
  27. Web site: Juzwiak . Rich . Madonna - Madame X . . 11 May 2020 . June 18, 2019 . 18 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190618080747/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/madonna-madame-x/ . live .
  28. Web site: Kennedy . Mark . Madonna's 'Madame X' a trying-too-hard, mess of an album . . 19 May 2020 . June 14, 2019 . 22 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200622191702/https://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment-and-culture/2019/6/14/18679440/madonna-madame-x-album-review-trying-too-hard-mess . live .
  29. Web site: Boss . Brandon . Why Madonna Burned Queer Rapper Mykki Blanco in Her New Video . . 18 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190609135611/http://www.newnownext.com/madonna-mykki-blanco-music-video-dark-ballet/06/2019/ . June 9, 2019 . June 8, 2019.
  30. Web site: Moran . Justin . How Madonna cast Mykki Blanco in 'Dark Ballet' . . 18 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190616063305/https://www.papermag.com/mykki-blanco-madonna-dark-ballet-2638796442.html . June 16, 2019 . June 12, 2019.
  31. Daw . Stephen . Mykki Blanco Explains 'Surreal' Experience of Working With Madonna on 'Dark Ballet' Video . Billboard . 18 May 2020 . June 7, 2019 . 3 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603105921/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/8514955/mykki-blanco-interview-madonna-dark-ballet-video-joan-of-arc . live .
  32. Web site: Wass . Mike . A Gothic Nightmare: Madonna Teases Eerie "Dark Ballet" Video . Idolator . 18 May 2020 . June 6, 2019 . 25 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925071315/https://www.idolator.com/7794631/madonna-teases-eerie-dark-ballet-video?chrome=1 . live .
  33. Web site: Melas . Chloe . Madonna releases jarring 'Dark Ballet' video inspired by Joan of Arc . . 18 May 2020 . June 7, 2019 . 21 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190721201409/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/07/entertainment/madonna-dark-ballet-music-video/index.html . live .
  34. The 20 Best Music Videos of 2019 (So Far): Staff Picks . Billboard . 22 May 2020 . June 20, 2019 . 1 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200301165327/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/8516848/best-music-videos-of-2019-so-far . live .
  35. Nolfi . Joey . Watch Madonna's surprise Met Gala performance of 'Like a Prayer,' 'Hallelujah' . . 18 May 2020 . May 8, 2018 . 9 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013041/http://ew.com/music/2018/05/08/madonna-met-gala-2018-performance/ . live .
  36. Web site: Longeretta . Emily . Madonna Sings 'Like a Prayer' and 'Hallelujah' Inside the 2018 Met Gala: Watch . . 18 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180509032014/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/madonna-sings-like-a-prayer-at-met-gala-2018/ . May 9, 2018 . May 8, 2018.
  37. Daw . Stephen . Madonna Debuts New Song 'Beautiful Game' in Full Video of Her Met Gala Performance . Billboard . 18 May 2020 . August 16, 2018 . 10 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190610050121/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8470588/madonna-beautiful-game-full-met-gala-2018-performance-video . live .
  38. Kaplan . Ilana . Watch Madonna and Quavo Perform 'Future' in Controversial Eurovision Set . Rolling Stone . 18 May 2020 . May 19, 2019 . 21 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190621200637/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/madonna-quavo-future-eurovision-controversy-837263/ . live .
  39. Sheffield . Rob . Rob Sheffield . Why Madonna's Madame X Tour Is the Gloriously Insane Mess of Your Dreams . Rolling Stone . 18 May 2020 . September 20, 2019 . 15 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210115080021/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-live-reviews/madonna-madame-x-tour-sheffield-887601/ . live .
  40. Web site: Katz . Leslie . Madonna's Madame X comes alive, rises . . 18 May 2020 . November 6, 2019 . 18 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191218100225/https://www.sfexaminer.com/entertainment/madonnas-madame-x-comes-alive-rises/ . live .
  41. Web site: Bell . Josh . Five Thoughts: Madonna at the Colosseum . . 18 May 2020 . November 8, 2019 . 19 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191119170208/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2019/nov/08/five-thoughts-madonna-colosseum-vegas-november-7/ . live .
  42. Web site: Pareles . Jon . Jon Pareles . Madonna Is Still Taking Chances . . 19 May 2020 . September 18, 2019 . 23 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190923131632/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/18/arts/music/madame-x-madonna.html . live .
  43. Lynch . Joel . As Madame X, Madonna Is Her Most Authentic Onstage Self In Years . Billboard . 18 May 2020 . September 20, 2019 . 20 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190920154636/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8530575/madonna-madame-x-tour-bam . live .
  44. Web site: Munzenrieder . Kyle . Inside Madonna's secret Madame X show that ended up on the streets of Harlem . . 3 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010003036/https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/madonna-madame-x-harlem-show . October 10, 2021 . October 10, 2021.

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