List of massacres during the Syrian civil war explained

This is a list of massacres committed during the Syrian civil war.

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2023

See also

Notes and References

  1. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/05/world/middleeast/05syria.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&hpw Civilian Toll Is Mounting in Assault on Syrian City
  2. News: Syria unrest: Jabal al-Zawiya 'massacres' . 19 January 2012 . BBC News . 20 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171203175015/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16287450 . 3 December 2017 . live .
  3. News: Syrian Activists: 64 Bodies Found Near Homs in One of the Worst Mass Killings . Liz Sly . 27 February 2012 . The Washington Post. 21 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120228222731/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/2012/02/27/gIQANnebeR_story.html . 28 February 2012 . live .
  4. Web site: 125 Civilians Killed in Syria, Including 68 in Homs Region 'Massacre' . 27 February 2012 . Naharnet . 21 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120430100715/http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/31486-125-civilians-killed-in-syria-including-68-in-homs-region-massacre . 30 April 2012 . live .
  5. News: Annan to meet Assad, seeking end to Syria violence . Reuters. 9 March 2012 . 1 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162744/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/09/us-syria-idUSBRE8280G820120309 . 24 September 2015 . live .
  6. Web site: Syrian activists claim 16 people killed in Homs reprisal attacks . 24 March 2012 . The Guardian . 17 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160530134259/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/12/syria-16-killed-homs-reprisal-attacks . 30 May 2016 . live .
  7. Web site: Survivors tell of bloody aftermath to fight in Taftanaz, Syria. Miami Herald. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140225103030/http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/04/06/2735532/survivors-tell-of-bloody-aftermath.html. 25 February 2014. live.
  8. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17779186 Massacre in Syrian town of Taftanaz
  9. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/18/taftanaz-syria-massacre_n_1605631.html Syria Crisis: Taftanaz Massacre Haunts Town 2 Month Later
  10. News: U.N. General Mood's June 15, 2012 public statement . 6 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120530210559/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/29/us-syria-un-idUSBRE84S10020120529 . 30 May 2012 . live .
  11. News: Syria: Armed Terrorist Groups committed Taldao, al-Shoumarieh Massacres . DP News . Syrian Arab News Agency . 29 May 2012 . 30 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120601060915/http://www.dp-news.com/en/detail.aspx?articleid=121906 . 1 June 2012 . dead .
  12. News: New Massacres by al-Qaeda-linked Terrorist Groups against Families in al-Shumariyeh and Taldo in Homs Countryside . Allafi, F. . Said, H. . . 26 May 2012 . 26 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120528094021/http://www.sana.sy/eng/337/2012/05/26/421559.htm . 28 May 2012 . dead .
  13. News: Gladstone. Rick. U.S. Envoy Sees Grim Outcome for Syria. The New York Times. 30 May 2012. 27 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20120623114359/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/31/world/middleeast/another-mass-execution-is-discovered-in-syria.html?_r=2. 23 June 2012. live.
  14. News: Militant group claims killing of 13 in Syria. Reuters. 5 June 2012 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028003606/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/05/us-syria-crisis-militant-claim-idUSBRE8540LB20120605. 28 October 2014. live.
  15. Web site: New Syria 'mass killing' reported ahead of UN meeting. BBC News. 1 June 2012. 20 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011180943/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18293155. 11 October 2017. live.
  16. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/06/20126817510357285.html Gun battles rage in streets of Damascus – Middle East
  17. News: Syria Qubair: Bloody traces of massacre seen in village. 8 June 2012. BBC News. 8 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120608175411/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18364674. 8 June 2012. live.
  18. News: Chulov. Martin. Syrian regime troops and militiamen 'seen walking towards massacre site'. 8 June 2012. The Guardian. 7 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20131216182536/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/07/syria-regime-troops-militiamen-massacre. 16 December 2013. live.
  19. News: New 'massacre' reported in Syria's Hama province. BBC News. 7 June 2012. 7 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120607005653/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18348201. 7 June 2012. live.
  20. Web site: Twenty-five Citizens at Least Killed in a Massacre by Terrorist Groups in Daret Azzeh in Aleppo . Syrian Arab News Agency . 28 February 2012 . 22 June 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120624201804/http://www.sana.sy/eng/337/2012/06/22/427025.htm . 24 June 2012 .
  21. Web site: Syrian gov't: Rebels massacre dozens of "shabiha". . 22 June 2012. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20120701092524/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57458624/syrian-govt-rebels-massacre-dozens-of-shabiha/. 1 July 2012. live.
  22. News: Dozens more bodies found at Syria massacre site. Los Angeles Times. 27 August 2012. 6 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130513185252/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/27/world/la-fg-syria-violence-20120827. 13 May 2013. live.
  23. News: Syria crisis: Daraya massacre leaves a ghost town still counting its dead. The Guardian. 7 September 2012. 17 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160313090331/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/07/syria-daraya-massacre-ghost-town?newsfeed=true. 13 March 2016. live.
  24. https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/272218069553205 "Final death-toll for Friday 24/8/2012: More than 210 Syrians have been killed on Friday,"
  25. Web site: NOW . 27 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121205052022/http://www.nowlebanon.com/BlogDetails.aspx?TID=2619&FID=6 . 5 December 2012 .
  26. News: Fisk. Robert. Robert Fisk: Inside Daraya – how a failed prisoner swap turned into a massacre. The Independent. 29 August 2012. 3 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20150926002509/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-inside-daraya--how-a-failed-prisoner-swap-turned-into-a-massacre-8084727.html. 26 September 2015. live.
  27. News: Syria rebels cut highway to northern battlefields . Naeem . Asad . AFP . 11 October 2012 . Business Recorder . 28 November 2012 . Maarrat al-Nu'man . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141025174021/http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/1-front-top-news/85378-syria-rebels-cut-highway-to-northern-battlefields-.html . 25 October 2014 .
  28. News: Rebels say halt Syrian army attempt to retake town. Oweis. Khaled Yacoub. Diana Abdallah. 10 October 2012. Reuters. 28 November 2012. Amman. https://web.archive.org/web/20121028230825/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/10/us-syria-crisis-battle-idUSBRE8991CN20121010. 28 October 2012. live.
  29. http://in.reuters.com/article/syria-crisis-alawites-idINDEE8BA0EC20121211 Up to 200 hurt in attack on Syrian Alawite village – activists
  30. Mackey, Robert. (18 December 2012) Accounts of a Siege in Syria Differ on Rebel YouTube Channels and British Television . The New York Times.
  31. http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/victims-in-syria-alawite-bombing/story-e6frfkui-1226534960442 125 victims in Syria Alawite bombing
  32. News: Syrian peace envoy Lakhdar Brahimi in talks with Assad. BBC News. 24 December 2012 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150422194951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20835332. 22 April 2015. live.
  33. Web site: Air strike on Syria bakery 'kills dozens' – Middle East . Al Jazeera. 24 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121224091514/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/201212231694893146.html . 24 December 2012 . live .
  34. Web site: . At least 300 killed in regime airstrike near Syrian bakery . 23 December 2012 . Al Arabiya . 24 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121223235637/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/23/256715.html . 23 December 2012 . live .
  35. News: Massacre of over 100 reported in Syria's Homs. Reuters. 17 January 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025180350/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/17/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE90G09R20130117. 25 October 2014. live.
  36. Web site: Bodies in Syria river likely killed in govt areas. News24. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028031837/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Bodies-in-Syria-river-likely-killed-in-govt-areas-20130604-2. 28 October 2014. live.
  37. News: Syrians trade Khan al-Assal chemical weapons claims. BBC News. 19 March 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141003205142/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21841217. 3 October 2014. live.
  38. News: Alleged chemical attack kills 25 in northern Syria. Reuters. 19 March 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141022134211/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/19/us-syria-crisis-chemical-idUSBRE92I0A220130319. 22 October 2014. live.
  39. Web site: Syria chemical weapons: finger pointed at jihadists. Alex Thomson, Chief Correspondent, Channel 4 News. 23 March 2013. The Daily Telegraph. London. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141027233514/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9950036/Syria-chemical-weapons-finger-pointed-at-jihadists.html. 27 October 2014. live.
  40. Web site: Syrians trade blame over 'chemical attack'. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150102052335/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/03/2013319143137475947.html. 2 January 2015. live.
  41. News: Syria army seizes Jdaidet al-Fadl 'killing dozens'. BBC News. 21 April 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140329084415/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22240540. 29 March 2014. live.
  42. Web site: At least 100 dead after 6 days of clashes in Syria, activists say. Fox News. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141110185108/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/04/22/activists-fear-large-death-toll-after-six-days-clashes-in-syria/. 10 November 2014. live.
  43. Web site: المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان . المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. 27 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141023060140/http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=5446&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.UXmDr7VHJCg. 23 October 2014. live.
  44. News: Assad's forces kill 85 in Damascus suburb, activists say. Reuters. 21 April 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141126152818/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/21/us-syria-crisis-deaths-idUSBRE93K09D20130421. 26 November 2014. live.
  45. Web site: More prisoners killed by shelling on the besieged Central Prison of Aleppo. . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110114032/https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/390504024391275. 10 November 2018. live.
  46. Web site: - The Washington Post. https://archive.today/20130707155318/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrian-rebels-pound-besieged-shiite-towns-with-mortar-shells-heavy-weapons/2013/07/07/1ccd4542-e6fa-11e2-818e-aa29e855f3ab_story.html. dead. 2013-07-07. The Washington Post.
  47. http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/31/world/meast/syria-civil-war/index.html Reports: Russian fighter jets headed to Syria, which asks for more
  48. http://www.timesofisrael.com/rebel-group-says-50-executed-in-aleppo-prison/ Rebel group says Assad’s forces execute 50 in Aleppo prison
  49. Web site: Aleppo province. . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110114032/https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/485769931531350. 10 November 2018. live.
  50. Web site: 800 dead from hunger, illness inside besieged Aleppo prison. Middle East Eye. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028005116/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/800-dead-hunger-illness-inside-besieged-aleppo-prison. 28 October 2014. live.
  51. Web site: Assad regime accused of string of Syria massacres in UN report. 11 September 2013. The Daily Telegraph. London. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025212415/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10303007/Assad-regime-accused-of-string-of-Syria-massacres-in-UN-report.html. 25 October 2014. live.
  52. Web site: Execution video surfaces in Syria. 15 May 2013. CNN. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141027231754/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/15/world/meast/syria-civil-war. 27 October 2014. live.
  53. News: Video shows Islamist rebels executing 11 Syrian soldiers. Reuters. 16 May 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007230835/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/16/us-syria-crisis-executions-idUSBRE94F0AM20130516. 7 October 2014. live.
  54. Web site: On the Eve of the International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearance, AGPS Documents 1100 Enforced Disappearance cases and 449 Palestinians died due to Torture in the Syrian Prisons. 31 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160918141638/http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/reports/daily/31-08-2016.pdf. 18 September 2016. live.
  55. Web site: المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان . المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. 27 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141023072016/http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=6591&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.Udl5okFHIpk. 23 October 2014. live.
  56. Web site: Soldiers' Mass Execution Reported by Syria Group. 27 July 2013. The New York Times. 8 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20151105115119/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/27/world/middleeast/soldiers-mass-execution-reported-by-syria-group.html. 5 November 2015. live.
  57. Web site: Rebels kill 150 regime forces in Khan al-Asal. . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110114032/https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/398469436928067?comment_id=2181674&notif_t=like. 10 November 2018. live.
  58. Web site: Syrian rebels kill dozens in offensives in north and south. Thomson Reuters Foundation. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028093346/http://www.trust.org/item/20130726115351-nxm4e/?source=hpbreaking. 28 October 2014. live.
  59. Web site: Final death toll for Saturday 27/7/2013: Approximately 120 people killed yesterday.. . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217015447/https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/399289853512692. 17 December 2019. live.
  60. Web site: Written statement submitted by Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples, a nongovernmental organization on the roster. Human Rights Council. 22 August 2013. 31 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170101001111/http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1379586575_g1316865.pdf. 1 January 2017. live.
  61. Web site: "You Can Still See Their Blood" – Executions, Unlawful Killings, and Hostage Taking by Opposition Forces in Latakia Countryside. Human Rights Watch. 11 October 2013. 11 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062324/http://www.hrw.org/embargo/node/119645?signature=e2f9f3f7816e1c649b9265b332fc2ec2&suid=6. 16 October 2013. live.
  62. Web site: Agence France-Presse . France says 'at least 281' killed in Syria chemical attack . The Daily Star. Lebanon . 11 September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130912155031/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Sep-02/229697-france-says-at-least-281-killed-in-syria-chemical-attack.ashx . 12 September 2013 . live .
  63. News: Bodies still being found after alleged Syria chemical attack: opposition . The Daily Star . Lebanon . 22 August 2013 . 24 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130822181446/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-22/228268-bodies-still-being-found-after-alleged-syria-chemical-attack-opposition.ashx#axzz2chzutFua . 22 August 2013 . live .
  64. Web site: Syria Massacre? Nusra Front Fighters Reportedly Kill Women, Children, Elderly Men in Alawite Village. 12 September 2013. HuffPost. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140410181548/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/12/syria-massacre-nusra-front_n_3912376.html. 10 April 2014. live.
  65. Web site: Syria jihadists claim they killed Homs Alawites. 15 September 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028033617/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2013/09/16/Syria-jihadists-claim-they-killed-Homs-Alawites.html. 28 October 2014. live.
  66. News: Fourteen Alawites killed by bomb in central Syria: group. Reuters. 19 September 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028003719/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/19/us-syria-crisis-alawites-idUSBRE98I0GK20130919. 28 October 2014. live.
  67. Web site: 19 killed in Syrian bombing. 19 September 2013. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028025916/http://www.knoe.com/story/23473698/19-killed-in-syrian-bombing. 28 October 2014. dead.
  68. Web site: L'armée a repris le village chrétien de Sadad. 7s7. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025144244/http://www.7sur7.be/7s7/fr/16921/Syrie/article/detail/1730640/2013/10/28/L-armee-a-repris-le-village-chretien-de-Sadad.dhtml. 25 October 2014. live.
  69. Web site: Canada 'at odds' with allies on Syria: memo. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025150421/http://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4225332-canada-at-odds-with-allies-on-syria-memo/. 25 October 2014. live.
  70. Web site: a massacre in Sadad town in Homs. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20131105081220/http://syriahr.net/en/index.php?option=com_news&nid=1082&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.UnV0qPk3sdJ. 5 November 2013. dead.
  71. Web site: Syria: Bodies of massacred Christians found in mass grave. Independent Catholic News. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025145444/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=23532. 25 October 2014. live.
  72. Web site: Syriac Orthodox Archbishop Alnemeh: "In Sadad, the largest massacre of Christians in Syria". 31 October 2013. Agenzia Fides. 21 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131222062605/http://www.fides.org/en/news/34602-ASIA_SYRIA_Syriac_Orthodox_Archbishop_Alnemeh_In_Sadad_the_largest_massacre_of_Christians_in_Syria. 22 December 2013. live.
  73. https://news.yahoo.com/20-dead-air-raids-* syrias-aleppo-province-174930624.html;_ylt=A2KJ2UiLJ5pSflQAMxnQtDMD
  74. Web site: Islamists 'seize Free Syrian Army arms depots'. 11 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20140227204712/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iAOvyXgWCZwUncusII8U2nW-50Mg?docId=d5f41cf1-9ec9-4c84-bd25-575ef4f4ace8&hl=en. 27 February 2014. dead.
  75. Web site: Syrian Observatory For Human Rights – Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 27 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20140313182316/http://syriahr.com/en/index.php?option=com_news&nid=1263&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.UqO7aPRDufU. 13 March 2014. live.
  76. Web site: New massacre by Syrian regime in Nabk. Al Bawaba. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025152200/http://www.albawaba.com/news/massacre-syria-nabk-538895. 25 October 2014. live.
  77. Web site: Islamists kill 15 Alawite and Druze civilians in Syria -activists. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025144210/http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/12/12/syria-crisis-adra-idINDEE9BB0AR20131212. 25 October 2014. live.
  78. Web site: Syrian troops launch offensive after dozens killed. 13 December 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073025/http://www.pottsmerc.com/general-news/20131213/syrian-troops-launch-offensive-after-dozens-killed. 6 October 2014. live.
  79. Web site: Many civilians feared dead as rebels capture town near Damascus. PanARMENIAN.Net. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140225020121/http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/173913/. 25 February 2014. live.
  80. Web site: Syria army aims to expel rebels from town on road to capital. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025161753/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/89044/World/Region/Syria-army-aims-to-expel-rebels-from-town-on-road-.aspx. 25 October 2014. live.
  81. Web site: Summarized death toll for Wednesday 11/12/2013; 110 were killed in Syria yesterday.. . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217015451/https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/460943577347319. 17 December 2019. live.
  82. Web site: 36 people killed in Aleppo air raids. 11 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20140303063425/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jIW-iRZK9LCJ409QsG2mrJtBgQqg?docId=a920f1b2-d825-43b4-b814-437a2acd7954&hl=en. 3 March 2014. dead.
  83. Web site: Opposition, government trade accusations of slaughter in Syria. United Press International. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028015051/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/12/16/Opposition-government-trade-accusations-of-slaughter-in-Syria/UPI-52361387200081/?spt=rln&or=2. 28 October 2014. live.
  84. Web site: Syria extends air campaign on Aleppo region: activists. The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150128064333/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Dec-19/241680-syria-extends-air-campaign-on-aleppo-region-activists.ashx#axzz2nv9rWutS. 28 January 2015. live.
  85. Web site: 517 dead in fortnight of regime strike in Syria. eNCA. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141023204305/http://www.enca.com/world/517-dead-fortnight-regime-strike-syria. 23 October 2014. live.
  86. Web site: Syria bomb raids on Aleppo 'kill 135'. Ma'an News Agency. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20131219030709/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=658197. 19 December 2013. dead.
  87. Web site: Regime's 'barrel bombs' bring death, terror to Syrian city. 23 December 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141030192226/http://www.therecord.com/news-story/4286400-regime-s-barrel-bombs-bring-death-terror-to-syrian-city/. 30 October 2014. live.
  88. Web site: Syrian air raids exact high toll on Aleppo. https://archive.today/20131218214920/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-12-18/syrian-planes-pound-aleppo-for-fourth-straight-day%23p1. dead. 18 December 2013. Ryan Lucas. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 27 October 2014.
  89. Web site: Syria extends air campaign on Aleppo region: activists. 19 December 2013 . 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028003655/http://www.arabnews.com/news/495221. 28 October 2014. live.
  90. Web site: Syria: Intense Aleppo offensive prompts mass exodus. 27 October 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150128061147/http://www.aawsat.net/2013/12/article55325898. 28 January 2015.
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