| Local Name: | Danziger Gulden |
| Local Name Lang: | de |
| Local Name2: | Gulden gdański |
| Local Name Lang2: | pl |
| Image 1: | DAN-63-Bank von Danzig-20 Gulden (1937) (cropped).jpg |
| Image Title 1: | 20 gulden (1937) |
| Image 2: | 10fenigow gdansk1932.jpg |
| Image Title 2: | 10 pfennig coin |
| Using Countries: | Free City of Danzig |
| Subunit Name 1: | Pfennig |
| Plural: | Gulden |
| Plural Subunit 1: | Pfennig |
| Used Coins: | 1, 2, 5, 10 Pfennig , 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 Gulden |
| Used Banknotes: | 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000 Gulden |
| Issuing Authority: | Bank of Danzig |
| Obsolete: | yes |
The gulden, divided into 100 Pfennig, was the currency of the Free City of Danzig from 1923 to 1939.
From 1914 to 1923, Danzig used the German Papiermark and issued several local 'emergency notes'. Inflation during 1922–23 averaged roughly 2,440% per month. In July 1923 it was announced that a new and independent currency (the gulden) was being established with the approval of the League of Nations finance committee to replace the German mark.[1] The gulden was introduced at a value of 25 gulden = 1 pound sterling, or 9.6d sterling per gulden.[1]
Danzig, separated from Germany after World War I, was annexed by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939, the day the invasion of Poland had begun[2] On the same day reichsmark coins and notes were declared legal tender alongside the Danzig gulden, with 1 gulden being equal to 70 reichspfennig (0.70 reichsmark).[3] This was a favourable exchange rate for inhabitants of Danzig, since the actual exchange rate was around 47 reichspfennig per gulden. To prevent abuse on 7 September the import of gulden coins and notes into the territory of the former free city was prohibited.[4] Bank assets were however converted at the market rate of 47 reichspfennig per gulden.[5]
With effect on 7 September 1939, coins of 1 and 2 pfennige became legal tender throughout Nazi Germany as 1 and 2 reichspfennige, and would remain in circulation until November 1940. On 30 September the reichsmark became the sole currency on the territory of the former free city. Notes and coins of 5 and 10 gulden were withdrawn that day and could be exchanged for reichsmarks until 15 October. Coins of 5 and 10 pfennig and and 1 gulden remained in circulation until 25 June 1940 and were redeemed until 25 July.
The first series of coins was issued in 1923, followed by a second in 1932. Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5 and 10 pfennige and, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 gulden.
The 25-gulden coins were minted in gold. Produced in very small numbers in 1923 (1,000) and 1930 (4,000), the latter date's issue was only released as a few presentation pieces. As part of the 1923 series are 200 proof coins and, while available to collectors, are very expensive.[6] The 1930 issue was essentially unobtainable until a large number appeared in the 1990s, apparently released from a Russian treasury where they had been stored since their capture at the end of World War II.[7]
| First series (1923)[8] | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of | ||||||||||||
| Diameter | Mass | Composition | Edge | Obverse | Reverse | quantity minted | minting | issue | withdrawal | lapse | ||||||
| 1 pfennig | 17 mm | 1.67 g | 95% Cu, 4% Sn, 1% Zn | Plain | Value, country name "Danzig" | Year, Danzig coat of arms | 11,500,000 | 1923–1937 | 18 December 1923[9] | 1 November 1940[10] | 30 November 1940 | |||||
| 2 pfennige | 19.5 mm | 2.5 g | 3,250,000 | 1923–1937 | ||||||||||||
| 5 pfennige | 17.5 mm | 2.0 g | 75% Cu, 25% Ni | Plain | Value, country name "Danzig" | Year, Danzig coat of arms | 4,000,000 | 1923, 1928 | 18 December 1923 | 1 October 1932 | ? | |||||
| 10 pfennige | 21.5 mm | 4.0 g | Value, country name "Freie Stadt Danzig" | 5,000,000 | 1923 | |||||||||||
| gulden | 19.5 mm | 2.5 g | 75% Ag, 25% Cu | 1/2, 1 Reeded. 2,5 Plain[11] | Value, country name "Freie Stadt Danzig", coat of arms | cog | 1,400,000 | 1923, 1927 | 1 April 1932 | |||||||
| 1 gulden | 23.5 mm | 5.0 g | Value, country name "Freie Stadt Danzig", cog | Coat of arms held by two lions | 3,500,500 | 1923 | ||||||||||
| 2 gulden | 26.5 mm | 10.0 g | 1,250,000 | |||||||||||||
| 5 gulden | 35.0 mm | 25.0 g | Value, country name "Freie Stadt Danzig", St. Mary's Church | 860,500 | 1923, 1927 | |||||||||||
The first Danzig gulden banknotes were issued by the Danzig Central Finance Department and dated 22 October 1923 with a second issue dated 1 November 1923. Denominations for both series included 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50-pfennige notes, as well as 1, 2, and 5 gulden. In addition, the first issue contained 10 and 25-gulden notes, and the second issue contained 50 and 100-gulden notes. The Bank of Danzig was capitalized with £300,000 on 5 February 1924 and officially opened on 17 March 1924. The Bank of Danzig issued four series of gulden (1924, 1928–30, 1931–32, and 1937–38) with an initial issue date of 10 February 1924.
| Issue | Value | Image | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danzig Central Finance Department | 1923 first series | 1 pfennig | ||
| 2 pfennige | ||||
| 5 pfennige | ||||
| 10 pfennige | ||||
| 25 pfennige | ||||
| 50 pfennige | ||||
| 1 gulden | ||||
| 2 gulden | ||||
| 5 gulden | ||||
| 10 gulden | ||||
| 25 gulden | ||||
| 1923 second series | 1 pfennig | |||
| 2 pfennige | ||||
| 5 pfennige | ||||
| 10 pfennige | ||||
| 25 pfennige | ||||
| 50 pfennige | ||||
| 1 gulden | ||||
| 2 gulden | ||||
| 5 gulden | ||||
| 50 gulden | ||||
| 100 gulden | ||||
| Bank of Danzig | 1924 | 10 gulden | ||
| 25 gulden | ||||
| 100 gulden | ||||
| 500 gulden | Zeughaus (arsenal) | |||
| 1,000 gulden | City Hall | |||
| 1928–30 | 10 gulden | Artus Court | ||
| 25 gulden | St. Mary's Church | |||
| 1931–32 | 20 gulden | Stockturm (local tower) part of Golden Gate (Gdańsk) Neptune | ||
| 25 gulden | St. Mary's Church | |||
| 100 gulden | Motława River dock scene | |||
| 1937–38 | 20 gulden | Artus Court | ||
| 50 gulden | Vorlaubenhaus |