Daniel Januske Explained

Daniel Januske (1661–1724; also Januusqui, Jarniuke)[1] was a Jesuit missionary in New Spain.

Biography

Januske was born in 1661 in Wrocław, Silesia, and joined the Society of Jesus at the age of fifteen.[2] He arrived in New Spain in 1693, in a group of missionaries which included Agustín de Campos and Juan Bautista Barli.[3] There he was assigned to Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama,[4] where he repeatedly employed soldiers and overseers to punish natives who disobeyed or displayed resistance. Historian Brandon Bayne characterizes this practice as a "crucial contributing factor[...] if not the immediate cause" of the 1695 Pima Revolt.[5]

By 1715, Januske was serving at Mission San Miguel Arcángel de Oposura. There, he clashed repeatedly with local Spanish; Castilian: [[vecino]]s Bernardo and Juan Grivalja over issues of land rights and cattle ranching. In one incident, Bernardo called Januske a drunkard and accused him of monopolizing local farmland and of forcing natives to do unpaid labor for him instead of working their own land; on another occasion, Januske flogged Juan's native father-in-law for failing to attend Mass, and both Grivalja brothers confronted him, shouting threats and insults. Januske was eventually able to persuade the local Spanish; Castilian: [[alcalde mayor]] to expel the Grivaljas from the pueblo.[6]

In 1722, Januske was appointed Spanish; Castilian: visitador of Sonora. He died in 1724 in Oposura.

Notes and References

  1. Book: Garcés . Francisco Tomás Hermenegildo . Coues . Elliott . On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer: The Diary and Itinerary of Francisco Garcés (missionary Priest) in His Travels Through Sohora, Arizona, and California, 1775-1776; Translated from an Official Contemporaneous Copy of the Original Spanish Manscript, and Ed., with Copious Critical Notes . 1900 . F. P. Harper . 536 . 3 May 2024 . en.
  2. Book: Clossey . Luke . Salvation and Globalization in the Early Jesuit Missions . 5 May 2008 . Cambridge University Press . 978-1-139-47289-0 . 136,271 . en.
  3. Brenneman . Dale S. . Learning the Landscape: The O'odham Acclimation of Father Agustín de Campos . Journal of the Southwest . 2014 . 56 . 2 . 269–291 . 3 May 2024 . 0894-8410.
  4. Book: Spicer . Edward H. . Cycles of Conquest: The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533–1960 . 19 September 2015 . University of Arizona Press . 978-0-8165-3292-6 . 124 . en.
  5. Book: Bayne . Brandon . Missions Begin with Blood: Suffering and Salvation in the Borderlands of New Spain . 26 October 2021 . Fordham University Press . 978-0-8232-9421-3 . 125-127 . en.
  6. Book: Yetman . David . Conflict in Colonial Sonora: Indians, Priests, and Settlers . 1 November 2012 . University of New Mexico Press . 978-0-8263-5220-0 . Illustrated . English.