Dangaléat language explained

Dangaléat
Nativename:	Dangla
States:	Chad
Region:	central
Speakers:	60,000
Date:	2005
Ref:	e18
Familycolor:	Afro-Asiatic
Fam2:	Chadic
Fam3:	East Chadic
Fam4:	East Chadic B
Fam5:	Dangla languages (B.1.1)
Iso3:	daa
Glotto:	dang1274
Glottorefname:	Dangaleat

Dangaléat (also known as Dangla, Danal, Dangal) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers make up the majority of the population of Migami Canton in Mongo, Chad.^[1]

Phonemes

! Labial! Alveolar! Palatal! Velar

Plosive		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Fricative			pronounced as /link/
			pronounced as /link/
Nasal		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Approximant		pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/
Lateral			pronounced as /link/
Rhotic			pronounced as /link/ / pronounced as /link/

Vowels!!Front!Central!Back

High	pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/
High-mid	pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/
Low-mid	pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/
Low		pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/

References

• Baldi, Sergio. 2007. Les emprunts arabe en dangaleat. In: Henry Tourneux (ed.), Topics in Chadic Linguistics III: Historical Studies. Papers from the 3rd Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, 27–36. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
• Boyeldieu, Pascal. 1977. Notes linguistiques. In: Jean-Pierre Caprile (ed.), Études phonologiques tchadiennes, 233–237. Paris: SELAF.
• Lawrence R. Burke. 1995. An Introduction to the Verbal System of Central Dangaleat. University of North Dakota MA thesis.
• Jacques Fedry. 1977. "Apercu sur la phonologie et la tonologie de quatre langues du groupe Mubi-Karbo (Guera, Dangaleat-est, Dangaleat-ouest, Bidiyo, Dyongor)," Etudes Phonologiques Chadiennes. Ed. J. Caprile. Paris: SELAF. Pages 87–112.
• Ebobissé, Carl. 1978. Ein Tiermärchen aus dem Ost-Dangaleat. Africana Marburgensia 11, 1:3–18.
• Ebobissé, Carl. 1979. Die Morphologie des Verbs im Ost-Dangaleat (Guera, Tschad). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
• Ebobissé, Carl. 1980. L'injoctif en dangaléat de l'est. Africana Marburgensia, Special Issue 4:41–47.
• Ebobissé, Carl. 1985. L'apotonie et l'apophonie dans le système verbal du dangaléat de l'est. In: Langues tchadiques et langues non tchadiques en contact en Afrique Centrale. Paris: SELAF.
• Ebobissé, Carl. 1987. Les verbaux du dangaléat de l'est (Guéra, Tchad). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
• Fédry, Jacques. 1969. Syntagmes de détermination en dangaléat. Journal of West African Languages 6, 1:5–19.
• Fédry, Jacques. 1971a. Dictionnaire dangaléat. Thèse de 3e cycle, Lyon.
• Fédry, Jacques. 1971b. Masculin, féminin et collectif en dangaléat. Journal of African Languages 10, 1:34–46.
• Fédry, Jacques. 1971c. Phonologie du dangaléat. Thèse de 3e cycle, Lyon.
• Fédry, Jacques. 1974. Pátó à l'est, pàtò à l'ouest, ou l'énigme tonale des parlers dangaléat (Guéra, Tchad). Paper presented at the 11th Congress of the Société Linguistique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Yaoundé, April 1974.
• Fédry, Jacques. 1977. Aperçu sur la phonologie et la tonologie de quatre langues du groupe “Mubi-Karbo” (Guéra): dangaléat est, dangaléat ouest, bidiyo, dyongor. In: Jean-Pierre Caprile (ed.), Études phonologiques tchadiennes, 87–112. Paris: Société des Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France (SELAF).
• Fédry, Jacques. 1981. Le Dangaleat. In: Jean Perrot (ed.), Les langues dans le monde ancien et moderne. CNRS: Paris.
• Fedry, Jaques. 1990. Verbes monosyllabiques en dangaléat. In: Herrmann Jungraithmayr and Henri Tourneux (eds.), Études tchadiques, 9–13. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
• Frajzyngier, Zygmunt. 2005. L'augment telique ('goal') dans les langues tchadiques. In: Antoine Lonnet and Amina Mettouchi (eds.), Les langues chamito-sémitiques (afro-asiatiques), vol. 1, 215–230. Paris: Ophrys.
• Frajzyngier, Zygmunt, Holly Krech, and Armik Mirzayan. 2002. Motivation for copulas in equational clauses. Linguistic Typology 6(2): 155–198.
• Montgolfier, Paul de. 1973. Dictionnaire dangaléat (kaawo dangla). Avec la collaboration de Bada, Adoum, and Djibrine Zaid.
• Shay, Erin. 1994. Complementation and modality: Two complementizers in East Dangla. Colorado Research in Linguistics 13:79–91.
• Shay, Erin. 1999. A grammar of East Dangla: The simple sentence. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado. UMI.
• Shay, Erin. 2008. Coding the unexpected. In: Zygmunt Frajzyngier and Erin Shay (eds.). Interaction of Morphology and Syntax: case studies in Afroasiatic, 85–106. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Notes and References

1. [Oxfam]