| Daman | |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | India#India Gujarat |
| Pushpin Label Position: | left |
| Coordinates: | 20.42°N 72.85°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | Union Territory |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu |
| Subdivision Name2: | Daman |
| Government Type: | Municipal Council |
| Governing Body: | Daman Municipal Council |
| Leader Title: | Member of Parliament |
| Leader Name: | Lalubhai Patel |
| Leader Title1: | Council President |
| Leader Name1: | Sonal Issuarlal Patel |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 72 |
| Elevation M: | 5 |
| Population Total: | 191,173 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 Census |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Demonym: | Damanese or Damãocar |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages[1] |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Hindi, English |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Additional official |
| Demographics1 Info2: | Gujarati |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Registration Plate: | DD-03 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Sex ratio |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 1.69 ♂/♀ |
Daman is a city and the administrative capital of the Indian territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. It is a municipal council situated in the Daman district of the union territory.[2]
The Daman Ganga River divides Daman into: Nani-Daman (Little Daman) and Moti-Daman (Big Daman). Despite its name, Nani-Daman is the larger of the two parts, while the old city is mainly in Moti-Daman. This holds most of the important entities, like the major hospitals, supermarkets, and major residential areas. Vapi, Gujarat, is the nearest city to Daman.[3]
The name "Daman" comes from the Daman Ganga River, while Diu is from the Sanskrit word dvipa, meaning “island.” From Mauryan times (4th–2nd century BCE), both were subject to various local and regional powers ruling in western India. In the 13th century Daman formed part of the Ramnagar state, which then became a tributary of the Gujarat sultans. Similarly, numerous dynasties in Kathiawar (Saurashtra) ruled Diu until it fell to the sultan of Gujarat in the early 15th century.[4]
The Portuguese Captain-Major Diogo de Melo arrived at the Daman shore by chance in 1523 while sailing towards Ormuz. He was caught in a violent storm and had his boat blown towards the coast of Daman.[5] Shortly after, it was acquired as a Portuguese colony for over 400 years. A larger fort was built in Moti Daman in the 16th century to guard against the Mughals, who ruled the area until the Portuguese arrived. It stands today, most of it preserved in its original form. Today the majority of the municipal government offices are inside the fort.
Daman was incorporated into the Republic of India in December 1961 after nearly 400 years of portuguese colonial rule which had largely led to exploitation of the area and native population. After refusal to vacate the occupied territory of mainland India, the Portuguese surrendered before the Indian Army, while some of it’s Army personnel deserted their posts and escaped to Karachi, Pakistan. The battle left four Indians dead and 14 wounded;[6] Portuguese casualties were 10 dead and two wounded.[7]
According to the 2011 census Daman District, India has a population of 191,173.[8] [9] This gives it a ranking of 592nd in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 2655PD/sqkm.[8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 69.256%.[8] Daman has a sex ratio of 533 females for every 1,000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 88.06%.[8]
Daman has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with two distinct seasons: a long, sunny dry season from October to May and a hot, very humid, and extremely wet monsoon season from June to September. Almost no rain falls during the dry season. With milder mornings and lower humidity especially up to the middle of March, this is by far the most comfortable time of the year.
The monsoon season, though relatively short, is extremely wet. Along with the very high humidity and heavy rain every afternoon, travel is difficult and uncomfortable.
Indian Coast Guard Air Station, Daman is the premier air station of the Coast Guard with all the airfield facilities, air traffic control and other allied air traffic services. It is equipped with state-of-the-art airport surveillance radar (ASR), precision approach path indicator (PAPI), Doppler very high frequency omnidirectional radio range (DVOR) – distance measuring equipment (DME) and nondirectional beacon (NDB), as navigational aids. This air station provides ATC and parking facilities to defence as well as civil aircraft.[11]