| Dalian dialect | |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as //tɑ52 lien24 huɑ52// |
| Region: | Liaodong Peninsula |
| Date: | no date |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam2: | Sinitic |
| Fam3: | Chinese |
| Fam4: | Mandarin |
| Fam5: | Jiao-Liao Mandarin |
| Iso1: | zh |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Glotto: | none |
The Dalian dialect (Romaji: Dairen-ben) is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken on the Liaodong Peninsula, China including the city of Dalian and parts of Dandong and Yingkou. The Dalian dialect shares many similarities with the Yantai dialect and Weihai dialect spoken on Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula), to the south of the Bohai Strait; hence each of them is a subset of Jiao Liao Mandarin. The Dalian dialect is notable among Chinese dialects for loanwords from Japanese and Russian, reflecting its history of foreign occupation.[1]
Notable words in the Dalian dialect include Chinese: {{linktext|彪 ("foolish") and Chinese: {{linktext|熊 ("to cheat or deceive").
| Contrast of Dalianian and Mandarin on pronunciation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin → Dalianian | Example | ||
| zh, ch, sh, r → z, c, s, yretroflexes merged with alveolars, r merged with y | 中國人 zhōng guó rén → zōng guó yín | ||
| d, t, n, l, z, c, s + uei, uan, uen → d, t, n, l, z, c, s + ei, an, enremoval of labiovelar glide after alveolars | 對 dù(e)i → dèi | ||
| o and individual uo → e | 胳膊 gē bo → gĕ be 脫 tuō → tĕ | ||
| suffix "子" → e | 孩子 hái zi → hái e | ||
| w+a, ai, ei, an, en, ang, eng → v+a, ai, ei, an, en, ang, eng wu and wo don't change | 晚飯 wǎn fàn → vǎn fàn | ||
| numeral "二" → àr | 王二小 wáng èr xiǎo → váng àr xiǎo | ||
| 瑞 → suèi 崖 → ái | 瑞士 rùi shì → suèi si 泡崖 pào yá → pào ái | ||
| n+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üe → gn+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üe nu doesn't changealveolar nasal shifted to palatal before front vowels/glides | 你 nǐ → gnǐ 虐 nüè → gnüè | ||
other consonants+en, eng don't change | 森 sēn[sən] → sēn[sɿn] | ||
| b pronounced as /[p ]/ | p pronounced as /[pʰ ]/ | m pronounced as /[m ]/ | f pronounced as /[f ]/ | v pronounced as /[v ]/ | |
| d pronounced as /[t ]/ | t pronounced as /[tʰ ]/ | n pronounced as /[n ]/ | l pronounced as /[l ]/ | ||
| g pronounced as /[k ]/ | k pronounced as /[kʰ ]/ | h pronounced as /[x ]/ | |||
| j pronounced as /[ʨ ]/ | q pronounced as /[ʨʰ ]/ | gn pronounced as /[ɲ ]/ | x pronounced as /[ɕ ]/ | ||
| z pronounced as /[ts ]/ | c pronounced as /[tsʰ ]/ | s pronounced as /[s ]/ |
| a pronounced as /[ä ]/ | ai pronounced as /[aɪ ]/ | ao pronounced as /[ɑʊ ]/ | an pronounced as /[an ]/ | ang pronounced as /[ɑŋ ]/ | |
| o pronounced as /[ǫ ]/ | ou pronounced as /[ǫʊ ]/ | ong pronounced as /[ʊŋ ]/ | |||
| e/ê pronounced as /[ɤ ]/pronounced as /[ɛ ]/ | ei pronounced as /[eɪ ]/ | en pronounced as /[ən ]/pronounced as /[ɿn ]/ | eng pronounced as /[əŋ ]/pronounced as /[ɿŋ ]/ | ||
| i/y pronounced as /[i ]/pronounced as /[ɿ ]/ | iou pronounced as /[iǫʊ ]/ | in pronounced as /[in ]/ | ing pronounced as /[iŋ ]/ | ||
| u/w pronounced as /[u ]/ | uei pronounced as /[ueɪ ]/ | uen pronounced as /[uən ]/ | |||
| ü/yu pronounced as /[y ]/ | ün pronounced as /[yn ]/ | ||||
| m pronounced as /[m ]/ | n pronounced as /[n ]/ | ng pronounced as /[ŋ ]/ |
| ia pronounced as /[iä ]/ | iai pronounced as /[iaɪ ]/ | iao pronounced as /[iɑʊ ]/ | ian pronounced as /[iɛn ]/ | iang pronounced as /[iɑŋ ]/ | |
| iong pronounced as /[iʊŋ ]/ | |||||
| ie pronounced as /[iɛ ]/ | |||||
| ua pronounced as /[uä ]/ | uai pronounced as /[uaɪ ]/ | uan pronounced as /[uan ]/ | uang pronounced as /[uɔŋ ]/ | ||
| uo pronounced as /[uǫ ]/ | |||||
| üan pronounced as /[yœ̜n ]/ | |||||
| üe pronounced as /[yœ̜ ]/ |
| Basic vowels | ai 蓋 an 碗 (i)an 邊 | (ü)an 院 | i 字 ei 輩 en 根 | (i)e 碟 | o 窩 | ||||
| Erizational vowels | ar pronounced as /[aʅ ]/ | (ü)anr pronounced as /[œ̜ʯ ]/ | er pronounced as /[əʅ ]/ | ür pronounced as /[yʯ ]/ | a'r pronounced as /[äʅ ]/ | (i)e'r pronounced as /[ɛʅ ]/ | (ü)e'r pronounced as /[øʯ ]/ | or pronounced as /[ǫʯ ]/ | |
| Basic vowels | e 歌 | u 肚 | ao 包 | ou 頭 | ang 缸 | (u)ang 光 | eng 燈 | ||
| Erizational vowels | e'r pronounced as /[ɤʅ ]/ | ur pronounced as /[uʯ ]/ | ao'r pronounced as /[ɑʊʯ ]/ | ou'r pronounced as /[ǫʊʯ ]/ | angr pronounced as /[ɑŋʅ̃ ]/ | (u)angr pronounced as /[ɔŋʯ̃ ]/ | ongr pronounced as /[ʊŋʯ̃ ]/ | engr pronounced as /[əŋʅ̃ ]/ |
| Tone No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Not marked |
| Yinping (LowMid falling) | Yangping (Middle rising) | Shangsheng (Middle concave) | Yinqu (HighMid falling) | Zhongqu (Middle level/Low rising) | Yangqu (Low falling) | Qingsheng |
| 31 | 24 | 213 | 52 | 33/13 | 21 | -- | |
| Yinping (High level) | Yangping (High rising) | Shangsheng (High concave) | Qusheng (High falling) | Qingsheng | |||
| 55 | 35 | 214 | 51 | -- |
| Dalianian of full oyster flavor | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dalianian | Meaning | Dalianian | Meaning | Dalianian | Meaning | Dalianian | Meaning | Dalianian | Meaning | |
| xiĕ | extremely | cháo'r | stupid / outdated | huǐ le | Oh, no! | bái hu | extemporaneous / to blatter | zuǒ suo | to waste | |
| làng | coxcombry | biāo | foolish | kē'r le | can't help it | guán duō'r | always | dè se | flighty | |
| shòu'r | piquant / Cool! | bài | don't | zī shi | natty | gniàn yang | show dissatisfaction tactfully | xián hu | not very gratified / to disdain | |
| gān jing | Great! | vā'r | low level | zhāngr chengr | capable | hǎ hu | dress sb down | bú lǎi xuán | understated | |
| kāi le | expressing dissatisfaction | xuán le | too many | sá me | peep | gè yang | disgusting | cī máo'r juē dìng | rude | |
According to the predicate structure analysis method of the British linguists Ricci, the Dalian dialect is the same as English and Mandarin - the sentence is generally composed of S+V+O, that is subject + predicate + object of the order, but there are special circumstances, such as the older generation of Dalian people will say "Jiǎ zóu ba! Jiǎ zóu ba! (家走吧!家走吧!)" instead of "Húi jiā ba! Húi jiā ba! (回家吧!回家吧!)". At this time, the sentence is not S+V+O, but S+O+V, that is, subject + object + predicate.