The Dale class were a class of replenishment oilers taken up for service with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary, supporting the Royal Navy during the inter-war period. They went on to see action during the Second World War and supported British and allied fleet units in Cold War conflicts such as the Korean War.
The ships were eventually acquired in three batches. The first consisted of the acquisition of six tankers under construction for the British Tanker Company in 1937.[1] [2] The tankers all had slightly different designs and dimensions, but had a deadweight capacity of 11,650 tons of fuel oil.[1] These initial eight were supplemented with the purchase of two tankers under construction for Royal Dutch Shell in 1938. These two new tankers were slightly larger and faster than their earlier class members.[1] [2] With the outbreak of the Second World War looming the Ministry of War Transport had ordered a number of new tankers to the designs used by the Royal Dutch Shell. Of these, ten were taken over by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary while under construction, and were subsequently incorporated into their Dale class.[1] [2] There were plans to take over an eleventh ship, to be named RFA Eppingdale, but this was not carried out and the vessel was retained by the Ministry of War Transport.[2] All of the ships were named after English dales, and were identified with the suffix '-dale' in their names.
The first group of six ships were under construction at a variety of yards when they were bought. Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd and Harland and Wolff built two each, while Cammell Laird and Co. and Lithgows each produced one.[1] The ships saw active service during the war, in the Arctic, Atlantic and the Far East. was bombed and sunk while sailing as part of Convoy PQ 17 in 1942, while was wrecked during the operations off Narvik in 1940.[2] [3] was torpedoed in the Mediterranean and broke in half, but was later repaired, was nearly destroyed by a kamikaze attack in the Pacific, and was accidentally torpedoed by at Trincomalee in 1944.[2] Those ships that survived the war remained in service with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary, with most being disposed of in the early 1960s. The longest-lived was Bishopdale, which despite being decommissioned in 1959, was not scrapped until 1970.[4]
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary made two further purchases the following year, when they acquired two tankers being built for Royal Dutch Shell at the yards of Harland and Wolff and the Blythswood Shipbuilding Company Ltd. These were taken into service as and .[1] [5] Entering service just prior to the outbreak of war, both ships went on to be heavily engaged. Cairndale made numerous voyages from Britain to the African coast before being torpedoed and sunk in the Eastern Atlantic in 1941 by the Italian submarine .[6] Cedardale saw service in the Far East, and survived the war. She continued in service throughout the 1940s and 1950s, and was scrapped in 1960.[7]
The third group was the largest of the Dale class. Ten new oilers that had been ordered by the Ministry of War Transport were acquired by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary to expand their capabilities.[1] [5] The first were ready for service in January 1939, with the final ships being completed by mid-1942.[5] As with their earlier sisters, all saw active service in a variety of theatres. U-boats scored several kills among the third group, and were both torpedoed and sunk in 1941.[8] [9] was badly damaged by Italian frogmen of the Decima Flottiglia MAS in harbour at Gibraltar in 1941, and was written off.[5] She did however continue in service throughout the war as a fuel and accommodation hulk, and was finally towed back to Britain for scrapping in 1955.[5] [10] Three of the ships,, and, were completed as Landing Ships (Gantry) and given light anti-aircraft armament. Now capable of deploying 250 troops aboard 15 LCMs, they initially took part in Operation Torch, and went on to see action at later allied amphibious landings in the Mediterranean and Pacific.[5] All three survived the war, though Ennerdale was badly damaged by a magnetic mine in December 1945, and were converted back into oilers.[5] The survivors all continued in service until their increasing obsolescence led to their retirement from service in the late 1950s, with most having scrapped by the early 1960s.[5]
| Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I | ||||||
| A109 | Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd | 28 December 1936 | 4 March 1937 | Scrapped in 1960 | ||
| X34 | Cammell Laird and Co. | September 1936 | 7 July 1936 | 17 September 1937 | Sunk on 7 July 1942 | |
| A133 | Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd | 5 August 1937 | September 1937 | Scrapped in 1960 | ||
| A128 | Lithgows | 31 March 1937 | Scrapped in 1970 | |||
| Harland and Wolff | 22 April 1937 | 7 June 1937 | Wrecked on 30 April 1940 | |||
| A168 | Harland and Wolff | 2 September 1937 | 3 November 1937 | Scrapped in 1960 | ||
| Group II | ||||||
| X36 | Harland and Wolff | 25 October 1938 | 26 January 1939 | Sunk on 30 May 1941 | ||
| A380 | Blythswood Shipbuilding Company Ltd | 25 March 1939 | 25 May 1939 | Scrapped in 1960 | ||
| Group III | ||||||
| Blythswood Shipbuilding Company Ltd | October 1939 | 30 July 1940 | November 1940 | Sunk on 22 October 1941 | ||
| Blythswood Shipbuilding Company Ltd | 26 December 1939 | 19 October 1940 | 30 January 1941 | Scrapped in 1955 | ||
| A114 | Harland and Wolff | 14 November 1939 | 12 April 1941 | 30 August 1941 | Sold in 1960 | |
| A151 | Cammell Laird | 29 December 1939 | 17 February 1941 | 14 June 1941 | Scrapped in 1960 | |
| A144 | Harland & Wolff | 11 December 1939 | 27 March 1941 | 10 September 1941 | Scrapped in 1967 | |
| X106 | Harland & Wolff | 1939 | 21 October 1941 | 11 April 1942 | Sunk on 1 June 1942 | |
| A104 | Furness Shipbuilding Company | 20 December 1940 | 18 November 1941 | 9 January 1942 | Scrapped in 1959 | |
| A105 | Furness Shipbuilding Company | 15 February 1941 | 18 December 1941 | 12 February 1942 | Scrapped in 1960 | |
| A170 | Hawthorn Leslie | 4 January 1940 | 29 November 1940 | 4 March 1941 | Scrapped in 1961 | |
| A173 | Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd | 27 January 1941 | 11 July 1941 | Scrapped in 1959 | ||
. J. J. Colledge. Ships of the Royal Navy
An Historical Index Volume 2: Navy-built Trawlers, Drifters, Tugs and Requisitioned Ships
. David & Charles. Newton Abbot.