The Nikon DX format is an alternative name used by Nikon corporation for APS-C image sensor format being approximately 24x16 mm. Its dimensions are about (29 mm vs 43 mm diagonal, approx.) those of the 35mm format. The format was created by Nikon for its digital SLR cameras, many of which are equipped with DX-sized sensors. DX format is very similar in size to sensors from Pentax, Sony and other camera manufacturers. All are referred to as APS-C, including the Canon cameras with a slightly smaller sensor.
Nikon has produced 23 lenses for the DX format, from macro to telephoto lenses. 35mm format lenses can also be used with DX format cameras, with additional advantages: less vignetting, less distortion and often better border sharpness. Disadvantages of 35mm lenses include generally higher weight and incompatible features such as autofocus with some lower-end DX cameras. Nikon has also produced digital SLRs that feature the larger Nikon FX format sensor that is the size of the 135 film format.
In 2013, Nikon introduced a high-end compact camera with a DX-sized sensor, the Nikon Coolpix A, featuring an 18.5 mm lens.[1]
The smaller diagonal size of the DX format amounts to a narrower angle of view than would be achieved with the 135 film format (35 mm film or FX format), using a lens of the same focal length. Strictly in angle-of-view terms, the effect is equivalent to increasing focal length by 50% on a 135 film camera, and so is often described as a 1.5x focal length multiplier.
This effect can be advantageous for telephoto and macro photography as it produces a tighter crop without the need to increase actual focal length. However it becomes disadvantageous for wide-angle photography as a wide-angle lens for 135 film effectively becomes a normal lens for the DX format (e.g. 28 mm x 1.5 = 42 mm 135 film equiv.). This has led to the increased development of the DX format-specific lenses for the Nikon F-mount. Since these lenses do not need to cover the 135 film area, they are smaller and lighter than their 135 format counterparts of equal angle-of-view. The production of DX-specific lenses has also enabled the production of affordable wide-angle lenses for the format (e.g., 12 mm), whereas costly ultra-wide-angle lenses from the 135 format were formerly required.
When DX format lenses are used on 135 format cameras, vignetting often occurs, as the image circle does not cover the entire area of the 135 format.
Nikon uses DX format sensors with slightly different active areas, which is the area where the image is captured, although all of them are classified as APS-C. Image sensors always have additional pixels around the active pixels, called dummy pixels (unmasked, working pixels) and optical black pixels (pixels which are covered by a mask used as a black-level reference). The size differences are minuscule and not noticeable in practice:
| Camera | Active width (mm) | Active height (mm) | Horizontal pixels | Vertical pixels | Megapixels | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nikon D1 | 23.7 | 15.5 | 2,012 | 1,324 | 2.7 | |
| Nikon D1H | 23.7 | 15.5 | 2,012 | 1,324 | 2.7 | |
| Nikon D1X | 23.7 | 15.5 | 3,008 | 1,960 | 5.9 | |
| Nikon D2H | 23.7 | 15.5 | 2,464 | 1,632 | 4.2 | |
| Nikon D2Hs | 23.7 | 15.5 | 2,464 | 1,632 | 4.2 | |
| Nikon D2X | 23.7 | 15.7 | 4,288 | 2,848 | 12.3 | |
| Nikon D2Xs | 23.7 | 15.7 | 4,288 | 2,848 | 12.3 | |
| Nikon D40 | 23.7 | 15.5 | 3,008 | 2,000 | 6.0 | |
| Nikon D40x | 23.7 | 15.6 | 3,872 | 2,592 | 10.1 | |
| Nikon D50 | 23.7 | 15.5 | 3,008 | 2,000 | 6.0 | |
| Nikon D60 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 3,872 | 2,592 | 10.1 | |
| Nikon D70 | 23.7 | 15.5 | 3,008 | 2,000 | 6.0 | |
| Nikon D70s | 23.7 | 15.5 | 3,008 | 2,000 | 6.0 | |
| Nikon D80 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 3,872 | 2,592 | 10.1 | |
| Nikon D90 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 4,288 | 2,848 | 12.3 | |
| Nikon D100 | 23.7 | 15.5 | 3,008 | 2,000 | 6.1 | |
| Nikon D200 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 3,872 | 2,592 | 10.1 | |
| Nikon D300 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 4,288 | 2,848 | 12.3 | |
| Nikon D300S | 23.6 | 15.8 | 4,288 | 2,848 | 12.3 | |
| Nikon D500 | 23.5 | 15.7 | 5,568 | 3,712 | 20.9 | |
| Nikon D3000 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 3,872 | 2,592 | 10.1 | |
| Nikon D3100 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 4,608 | 3,072 | 14.2 | |
| Nikon D3200 | 23.2 | 15.4 | 6,016 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D3300 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D3400 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D3500 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D5000 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 4,288 | 2,848 | 12.3 | |
| Nikon D5100 | 23.6 | 15.6 | 4,928 | 3,264 | 16.2 | |
| Nikon D5200 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D5300 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D5500 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D5600 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24 | |
| Nikon D7000 | 23.6 | 15.6 | 4,928 | 3,264 | 16.2 | |
| Nikon D7100 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24.1 | |
| Nikon D7200 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 24.2 | |
| Nikon D7500 | 23.5 | 15.7 | 5,568 | 3,712 | 20.9 | |
| Nikon Coolpix A * | 23.6 | 15.7 | 4,928 | 3,264 | 16.2 |
* Coolpix A is a fixed-lens, compact camera.
See main article: Nikon F-mount.
See main article: List of Nikon F-mount lenses with integrated autofocus motors.