DR1 (gene) explained

Protein Dr1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DR1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription.

Interactions

DR1 (gene) has been shown to interact with DRAP1.^{[4] [5]}

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Goppelt A, Stelzer G, Lottspeich F, Meisterernst M . A mechanism for repression of class II gene transcription through specific binding of NC2 to TBP-promoter complexes via heterodimeric histone fold domains . EMBO J. . 15 . 12 . 3105–16 . 1996 . 8670811 . 450253 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00673.x.
• Kashanchi F, Khleif SN, Duvall JF, Sadaie MR, Radonovich MF, Cho M, Martin MA, Chen SY, Weinmann R, Brady JN . Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat with a unique site of TFIID inhibits negative cofactor Dr1 and stabilizes the TFIID-TFIIA complex . J. Virol. . 70 . 8 . 5503–10 . 1996 . 8764062 . 190508 . 10.1128/JVI.70.8.5503-5510.1996.
• Cowell IG, Hurst HC . Protein-protein interaction between the transcriptional repressor E4BP4 and the TBP-binding protein Dr1 . Nucleic Acids Res. . 24 . 18 . 3607–13 . 1996 . 8836190 . 146135 . 10.1093/nar/24.18.3607 .
• Rozet JM, Gerber S, Perrault I, Camuzat A, Calvas P, Viegas-Pequignot E, Molina-Gomes D, Le Paslier D, Chumakov I, Munnich A, Kaplan J . Structure and physical mapping of DR1, a TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein gene, to chromosome 1p22.1 and its exclusion in Stargardt disease (STGD) . Genomics . 36 . 3 . 554–6 . 1996 . 8884286 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0508 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Kamada K, Shu F, Chen H, Malik S, Stelzer G, Roeder RG, Meisterernst M, Burley SK . Crystal structure of negative cofactor 2 recognizing the TBP-DNA transcription complex . Cell . 106 . 1 . 71–81 . 2001 . 11461703 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00417-2 . 11064090 . free .
• Gilfillan S, Stelzer G, Piaia E, Hofmann MG, Meisterernst M . Efficient binding of NC2.TATA-binding protein to DNA in the absence of TATA . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 7 . 6222–30 . 2005 . 15574413 . 10.1074/jbc.M406343200 . free .
• Lewis BA, Sims RJ, Lane WS, Reinberg D . Functional characterization of core promoter elements: DPE-specific transcription requires the protein kinase CK2 and the PC4 coactivator . Mol. Cell . 18 . 4 . 471–81 . 2005 . 15893730 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.04.005 . free .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Malecová B, Gross P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Yavuz S, Oelgeschläger T . The initiator core promoter element antagonizes repression of TATA-directed transcription by negative cofactor NC2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 34 . 24767–76 . 2007 . 17584739 . 10.1074/jbc.M702776200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Inostroza JA, Mermelstein FH, Ha I, Lane WS, Reinberg D . Dr1, a TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein and inhibitor of class II gene transcription . Cell . 70 . 3 . 477–89 . Sep 1992 . 1339312 . 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90172-9 . free .
2. Purrello M, Di Pietro C, Rapisarda A, Viola A, Corsaro C, Motta S, Grzeschik KH, Sichel G . Genomic localization of the human gene encoding Dr1, a negative modulator of transcription of class II and class III genes . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 75 . 2–3 . 186–9 . 1996 . 9040789 . 10.1159/000134479 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: DR1 down-regulator of transcription 1, TBP-binding (negative cofactor 2).
4. Yeung K, Kim S, Reinberg D . Functional dissection of a human Dr1-DRAP1 repressor complex . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 1 . 36–45 . Jan 1997 . 8972183 . 231727 . 10.1128/MCB.17.1.36.
5. Mermelstein F, Yeung K, Cao J, Inostroza JA, Erdjument-Bromage H, Eagelson K, Landsman D, Levitt P, Tempst P, Reinberg D . Requirement of a corepressor for Dr1-mediated repression of transcription . Genes Dev. . 10 . 8 . 1033–48 . Apr 1996 . 8608938 . 10.1101/gad.10.8.1033 . free .