DMP1 explained

Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DMP1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein is an extracellular matrix protein and a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family (other members being DSPP, IBSP, MEPE, and SPP1). This protein, which is critical for proper mineralization of bone and dentin, is present in diverse cells of bone and tooth tissues. The protein contains a large number of acidic domains, multiple phosphorylation sites, a functional Arg-Gly-Asp cell attachment sequence, and a DNA binding domain. In undifferentiated osteoblasts it is primarily a nuclear protein that regulates the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. During osteoblast maturation the protein becomes phosphorylated and is exported to the extracellular matrix, where it orchestrates mineralized matrix formation. Mutations in the gene are known to cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia, a disease that manifests as rickets and osteomalacia. The gene structure is conserved in mammals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.^[3]

References

Cell Cycle-Dependent Nuclear Localization of DMP1

J.O. MANCERA1, T. JHALA2, S. WANG2, C. QIN2, R. D'SOUZA2, and Y. LU2, 1School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX

Further reading

• George A, Sabsay B, Simonian PA, Veis A . Characterization of a novel dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein. Implications for induction of biomineralization. . J. Biol. Chem. . 268 . 17 . 12624–30 . 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31434-0 . 8509401 . free .
• Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M . Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags. . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 807–28 . 1997 . 8889549 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.807 . etal. free .
• Srinivasan R, Chen B, Gorski JP, George A . Recombinant expression and characterization of dentin matrix protein 1. . Connect. Tissue Res. . 40 . 4 . 251–8 . 2000 . 10757113 . 10.3109/03008209909000703 .
• Kulkarni GV, Chen B, Malone JP . Promotion of selective cell attachment by the RGD sequence in dentine matrix protein 1. . Arch. Oral Biol. . 45 . 6 . 475–84 . 2000 . 10775676 . 10.1016/S0003-9969(00)00010-8 . etal.
• Jain A, Karadag A, Fohr B . Three SIBLINGs (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins) enhance factor H's cofactor activity enabling MCP-like cellular evasion of complement-mediated attack. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 16 . 13700–8 . 2002 . 11825898 . 10.1074/jbc.M110757200 . etal. free .
• Papagerakis P, Berdal A, Mesbah M . Investigation of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and dentin sialophosphoprotein in developing human teeth. . Bone . 30 . 2 . 377–85 . 2002 . 11856645 . 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00683-4 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Narayanan K, Ramachandran A, Hao J . Dual functional roles of dentin matrix protein 1. Implications in biomineralization and gene transcription by activation of intracellular Ca2+ store . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 19 . 17500–8 . 2003 . 12615915 . 10.1074/jbc.M212700200 . etal. free .
• Chaplet M, De Leval L, Waltregny D . Dentin matrix protein 1 is expressed in human lung cancer . J. Bone Miner. Res. . 18 . 8 . 1506–12 . 2004 . 12929940 . 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.8.1506 . 24870810 . etal. free .
• Steiglitz BM, Ayala M, Narayanan K . Bone morphogenetic protein-1/Tolloid-like proteinases process dentin matrix protein-1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 2 . 980–6 . 2004 . 14578349 . 10.1074/jbc.M310179200 . etal. free .
• Toyosawa S, Tomita Y, Kishino M . Expression of dentin matrix protein 1 in tumors causing oncogenic osteomalacia . Mod. Pathol. . 17 . 5 . 573–8 . 2004 . 15001995 . 10.1038/modpathol.3800084 . etal. free .
• Chen S, Inozentseva-Clayton N, Dong J . Binding of two nuclear factors to a novel silencer element in human dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) promoter regulates the cell type-specific DMP1 gene expression . J. Cell. Biochem. . 92 . 2 . 332–49 . 2005 . 15108359 . 10.1002/jcb.20051 . 31421133 . etal.
• Ogbureke KU, Fisher LW . Expression of SIBLINGs and their partner MMPs in salivary glands . J. Dent. Res. . 83 . 9 . 664–70 . 2004 . 15329369 . 10.1177/154405910408300902 . 17978869 .
• Yang W, Lu Y, Kalajzic I . Dentin matrix protein 1 gene cis-regulation: use in osteocytes to characterize local responses to mechanical loading in vitro and in vivo . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 21 . 20680–90 . 2005 . 15728181 . 10.1074/jbc.M500104200 . etal. free .
• Ogbureke KU, Fisher LW . Renal expression of SIBLING proteins and their partner matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) . Kidney Int. . 68 . 1 . 155–66 . 2005 . 15954904 . 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00389.x . free .
• Ling Y, Rios HF, Myers ER . DMP1 Depletion Decreases Bone Mineralization In Vivo: An FTIR Imaging Analysis . J. Bone Miner. Res. . 20 . 12 . 2169–77 . 2006 . 16294270 . 10.1359/JBMR.050815 . 1456072 . etal.
• Karadag A, Fedarko NS, Fisher LW . Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Enhances Invasion Potential of Colon Cancer Cells by Bridging Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 to Integrins and CD44 . Cancer Res. . 65 . 24 . 11545–52 . 2006 . 16357164 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2861 . 1350722 .
• Qin C, Huang B, Wygant JN . A chondroitin sulfate chain attached to the bone dentin matrix protein 1 NH2-terminal fragment . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 12 . 8034–40 . 2006 . 16421105 . 10.1074/jbc.M512964200 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Aplin HM, Hirst KL, Crosby AH, Dixon MJ . Mapping of the human dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein gene (DMP1) to the dentinogenesis imperfecta type II critical region at chromosome 4q21 . Genomics . 30 . 2 . 347–9 . Mar 1996 . 8586437 . 10.1006/geno.1995.9867 .
2. Hirst KL, Simmons D, Feng J, Aplin H, Dixon MJ, MacDougall M . Elucidation of the sequence and the genomic organization of the human dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) gene: exclusion of the locus from a causative role in the pathogenesis of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II . Genomics . 42 . 1 . 38–45 . Jul 1997 . 9177774 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4700 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: DMP1 dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein.