DLX2 explained

Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2.

Interactions

DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5,^[3] MSX1^[3] and Msh homeobox 2.^[3]

Further reading

• Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA . Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors . Front. Biosci. . 8 . 6. s1249–65 . 2003 . 12957859 . 10.2741/1170 . etal. free .
• Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S . Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain . Genes Dev. . 9 . 20 . 2523–38 . 1995 . 7590232 . 10.1101/gad.9.20.2523 . etal. free .
• Selski DJ, Thomas NE, Coleman PD, Rogers KE . The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue . Gene . 132 . 2 . 301–3 . 1993 . 7901126 . 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-L . free .
• Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M . Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 6 . 2250–4 . 1994 . 7907794 . 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250 . 43348 . etal. 1994PNAS...91.2250S. free .
• McGuinness T, Porteus MH, Smiga S . Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus . Genomics . 35 . 3 . 473–85 . 1996 . 8812481 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0387 . etal.
• Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H . Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 5 . 2920–32 . 1997 . 9111364 . 10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. 232144 . etal.
• Yu G, Zerucha T, Ekker M, Rubenstein JL . Evidence that GRIP, a PDZ-domain protein which is expressed in the embryonic forebrain, co-activates transcription with DLX homeodomain proteins . Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. . 130 . 2 . 217–30 . 2002 . 11675124 . 10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00239-5 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . etal. 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Espinoza HM, Ganga M, Vadlamudi U . Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein . Biochemistry . 44 . 10 . 3942–54 . 2005 . 15751970 . 10.1021/bi048362x . etal.

Notes and References

1. Ozcelik T, Porteus MH, Rubenstein JL, Francke U . DLX2 (TES1), a homeobox gene of the Distal-less family, assigned to conserved regions on human and mouse chromosomes 2 . Genomics . 13 . 4 . 1157–61 . Sep 1992 . 1354641 . 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90031-M .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2.
3. Zhang . H . Hu G . Wang H . Sciavolino P . Iler N . Shen M M . Abate-Shen C . May 1997 . Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 5 . 2920–32 . UNITED STATES. 0270-7306. 9111364 . 232144 . 10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920.