List of brown dwarfs explained

This is a list of notable brown dwarfs. These are objects that have masses between heavy gas giants and low-mass stars. The first isolated brown dwarf discovered was Teide 1 in 1995. The first brown dwarf discovered orbiting a star was Gliese 229 B, also discovered in 1995. The first brown dwarf found to have a planet was 2M1207, discovered in 2004., more than 2,800 brown dwarfs have been identified. An isolated object with less than about 13 Jupiter masses is technically a sub-brown dwarf or rogue planet.

Because the mass of a brown dwarf is between that of a planet and that of a star, they have also been called planetars or hyperjovians. Various catalog designations have been used to name brown dwarfs. Brown dwarfs with names ending in a letter such as B, C, or D are in orbit around a primary star; those with names ending in a lower-case letter such as b, c, or d, may be exoplanets (see Exoplanet naming convention).

Some exoplanets, especially those detected by radial velocity, can turn out to be brown dwarfs if their mass is higher than originally thought: most have only known minimum masses because the inclination of their orbit is not known. Examples include HD 114762 b (>11.68 M_J), Pi Mensae b (>10.312 M_J), and NGC 2423-3 b (>10.6 M_J).

A complete list of more than 3000 ultracool dwarfs, which includes brown dwarfs and low-mass stars, is being maintained by astronomers. It is called the UltracoolSheet. The same team also produced a list of 1000 ultracool dwarfs with their mass being determined.

Confirmed brown dwarfs orbiting primary stars

Sorted by increasing right ascension of the parent star. Brown dwarfs within a system sorted by increasing orbital period.

Some brown dwarfs listed could still be massive planets.

Star	Constellation	Right ascension	Declination	App. mag.	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Brown dwarf	Mass (MJ)	Radius (RJ)	Orbital period (d)	Semimajor axis (AU)	Ecc.	Discovery year
				5.88	36.1	K0V+T7.5	B	45.96 ±4.05	0.85		476		2006
				6.77	66	G9V+L8					880		2001
HD 63754	Puppis			6.55	163.6	G0V + L/T	b	81.9	0.86	26,791	16.9	0.26	2024
				12.36	538	K7+M8	b	17	2.2		440		2008
HD 984	Cetus			7.32	149.1	F7V	b	61	1.576	51,100	28	0.76	2015
				5.02	58.3	G2+G2+L8	C	44.00 ±6.46	0.95		3600		2010
				11.77	50.2	M2.5+L3β	b	31.66 ±7.19	1.18		300		1998
				5.64	19.0	K4V+ M1V+M3V	D	32.54 ±6.01	0.93		1500		2000
				13.1	155.3	M3V+T3.5	b	11			2000		2006
				5.74	126.2	F7IV	B						2000
				6.70	337.25	B9Vne	b	20			6.5?		2005
					58.3	G0V+T2.5	B	17.06 ±6.9	1.14		795		2006
					473	M7	b	14			670		2007
				12.33	139	K1IV+M2		18.4		1.3283	0.0177	0.081	2004
CoRoT-15				22		F7V	b	63.4	1.12	3.06036	0.045	0	2010
				4.73	25.11	F8.5V	b	37		3.98	0.06	0	1931
				4.63	43.9	F8V		13.98		237.7	0.822	0.224	1999
				6.36	51.9	G8V+T9		23		96	21		2009
				4.40	302	K2III	b	18.1		305			2004
				10.62	698	G4		15.2		428.5	1.186	0.691	2009
				8.74	163	G5V		14.3		465.1	1.13	0.067	2009
				7.57	603.4	K2II		14		471.6	1.85	0.28	2005
				6.31	124.75	F7V	b	14		639	1.58		2005
				10.2	31.5	M3V+M8.5	Ba + Bb	116		870	0.87	0.317	1988
				7.29	146.77	G2V	b	40		1471.7	2.5	0.37	1996
				20.1	522	M6.5	b	18		1590.9	1	0.49	2007
CoRoT-20				14.66	4000	G2V		17		1675	2.9	0.6	2010
				6.92	123.5	G5	c	34		1739.5	2.87	0.228	2001
				5.94	138	G4IV	c	37		2174.3	3.68	0.36	2002
				4.69	11.8	K5V+T1V+T6V		28		5478.75	2.65		2003
				10.9	590	sdB+M	b	19.23		5786	5.30	0.46	2008
				9.72	37.55	M0V+T8.5p	c	10.29 ±2.46	1.15	33081	1100		2010
				7.88	136	G5V+T9	C	60		73000	20		2006
				8.14	19	M1V+T6.5	B	40		73050	40		1995
	Octans			11.82	111	M1V+L3γ		13.3 ± 1.7		328725000	6900		2009
				4.69	11.8	K5V+T1V+T6V		47		1532899.8			2003
				8.13	180.8	G3V	b	18.15		1951	3.17	0.638	2008
				6.94	171	F9V		42		1209	1.45	0.352	2002
				8.07	156.42	G0V	b	46		147.94	0.54	0.61	1996
				11.4	400	K7eV+M9e		1–42	1.8		103		2005
				9.18	101.95	K2V		15.0		8.428198	0.0751	0.277	2000
				3.33	152.8	K0III	b	21.9		536		0.13	2004
				6.89	127.52	G4IV		46		108.55	0.46	0.55	2000
				17.4	12.57	M8.5V	B	40-50			4.1		2006
				13.3	2220	G0V		21.66	1.01	4.2568	0.057	0	2008
V921 Scorpii^[1]	Scorpius			11.0	4833	B0IVe	b	60			835		2019
				5.80	57.7	G1V+L4-5	B	65			14		2002
				4.65	220	A3V+L5	B	55			910		2014
				8.08	151.14	G6V	b	17.4		255.87	0.83	0.435	2000
Koenigstuhl1	Phoenix			15.3	87.4	M5.5V+L0.6V	B	51.88 ±3.6	1.18		2083.4		1998
HD 126053	Virgo			6.3	56.9	G1+T8p	B	34.29 ±18.38	0.91		2630		2012
47 Ophiuchi	Ophiuchus			4.5	105.3	F3+L5.5	B	69.66 ±0.88	0.93		8850		2014
Wolf 1130	Cygnus			13.9	54.1	sdM3+ONe+sdT8	C	44.9	0.82		3150		2013

Confirmed brown dwarf orbiting stellar remnants

A stellar remnant can be for example a white dwarf, a pulsar or a black hole. Objects with a mass of a brown dwarf, but with a history of mass-transfer might not be brown dwarfs. If they exist as a period bouncer around a white dwarf they are thought to once have been stars and are today "brown dwarf-like objects". Objects around black widow pulsars on the other hand are thought to be white dwarfs that lost mass to the pulsar and therefore will differ in composition and density compared to brown dwarfs. This list is sorted after the discovery year.

Star	Constellation	Right ascension	Declination	App. mag.	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Brown dwarf	Mass (MJ)	Radius (RJ)	Orbital period (d)	Semimajor axis (AU)	Ecc.	Discovery year
				14.6	103	D4A+L4	B	76.12 ±1.04	0.91		123		1988
WD 0137-349	Sculptor			15.33	330	DA+L8	B	53		0.0803	0.0030	0	2006
PHL 5038	Aquarius			17.3	240	DAZ+L8-9	B	73			66		2006
SDSS J1433 (mass transfer)	Boötes			18.9	760	WD+L1	B	58 ±8		0.054			2008/2016
SDSS 1557	Serpens			18.6	500	DAZ+L4	B			0.095	0.003		2011/2017
QZ Librae (mass transfer)	Libra			18.8	649	WD+T?	B	25-61		0.064			2018
BW Sculptoris (mass transfer)	Sculptor			16.5	305	D+T	B	53.4 ±6.3		0.054	0.0027		1997/2023

Unconfirmed brown dwarfs

Sorted by increasing right ascension of the parent star. Brown dwarfs within a system sorted by increasing orbital period.

Some brown dwarfs listed could still be massive planets.

Star	Constellation	Right ascension	Declination	App. mag.	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Brown dwarf	Mass (MJ)	Radius (RJ)	Orbital period (d)	Semimajor axis (AU)	Ecc.	Discovery year
				12.90	48	M4	b	64		73	0.27		1998
				9.75	652	K2II		21.42		379.63	1.45	0.15	2009
				5.16	655.58	K5III	c	60		650	2.5		1996
				5.54	42.1	G9	b	17.2		2752		0.38	2007
				7.25	220	G5V		18.4		2900		>0.25	2007
				10.38	326	M2.5V	b	16		~5500		0	2008

Field brown dwarfs

Data updated from and merged from previous tables

Brown dwarf	Constellation	Right ascension	Declination	App. mag.	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Mass (MJ)	Radius (RJ)	Discovery year
2MASS 0036+1821	Pisces			12.47	28.6	L3.5	42	0.94	2000
CFBDS J005910.90–011401.3	Cetus			18.08	30	T8.5	23		2013
DENIS-P J020529.0−115925A	Cetus				65	L5.5			1997
DENIS-P J020529.0−115925B	Cetus				65	L8			1997
DENIS-P J020529.0−115925C	Cetus				65	T0			1997
2MASS J02431371−2453298	Fornax				35	T6	33	0.99	2002
WISE J0254+0223	Cetus			16.01	24	T8	65	1.9	n/a
DEN 0255-4700	Eridanus			22.92	16.2	L8	80	0.97	2006
LP 944-20	Fornax			10.725	20.9	M9β	73	1.43	n/a
2MASP J0345432+254023					88	L0	74	1.05	1997
Teide 1	Taurus				380	M8	55	3.78	1995
2MASS J03552337+1133437	Taurus			14.05	29.8	L5γ	20	1.32	2006
2MASS J04151954−0935066	Eridanus			15.7	18.6	T8	30	0.95	2002
	Eridanus				29.5	L6.5	48	0.97	2003
2MASS J04414489+2301513					470	M8.5	19		2010
2MASS J0523−1403	Lepus				40	L2.5	68	1.01	n/a
2MASS 0532+8246	Camelopardalis				81	L7	83		2018
UGPS J072227.51-054031.2	Monoceros				13.4	T9	26	0.98	2010
DENIS J081730.0-615520	Carina			13.6	16.1	T6	44	0.94	2010
DENIS J082303.1−491201A	Vela				67	L1.5	44		2006
DENIS J082303.1−491201B	Vela				67	L5.5	28		2006
2MASSW J0920122+351742	Lynx				95	L6.5			2000
2MASSI J0937347+293142	Leo				20.0	T6p	42	0.94	2002
2MASS 0939−2448	Antlia			16.83	17.4	T8	32	0.95	2005
Luhman 16B	Vela				6.516	T1	43	1.02	2013
Luhman 16A	Vela				6.516	L8	40	1.01	2013
DENIS-P J1058.7−1548	Crater			14.155	49	L3	64	1.00	1997
Cha 110913-773444	Chamaeleon			21.59	163	L	8	1.8	2005
OTS 44	Chamaeleon				554	M9.5V	15		2005
2MASS J11145133−2618235	Hydra			15.86	18.2	T7.5	33	0.96	2005
DENIS-P J1228.2-1547	Corvus			14.38	66	L5			1999
2M 1237+6526	Draco			16.05	45.6	T6.5	41	0.94	2003
Kelu-1A	Hydra				61	L2	63	0.98	1997
Kelu-1B	Hydra				61	L4	58	0.98	1997
LHS 2924	Boötes			19.74	38.5	M9V	76	1.06
CFBDSIR 1458+10A	Boötes			19.83	104	T9	11.1	1.5	2010
CFBDSIR 1458+10B	Boötes			21.85	104	Y0	9	1.3	2010
TVLM 513-46546	Boötes			15.09	35.1	M8.5V	75	1.05	n/a
2MASS 1503+2525	Boötes				20.7	T5	44	0.94	2003
2MASS 1507−1627	Libra			19	23.9	L5	60	0.99	2000
SDSSp J162414.37+002915.6	Serpens				36	T6	43	0.94	1999
LSR J1835+3259	Lyra			18.27	18.5	M8.5	77	1.07	2003
PSO J318.5−22	Capricornus				80	L7VL-G	6.5	1.53	2013
2MASS J21392676+0220226	Aquarius			14.71	32.1	T1.5	46	0.96	n/a
2MASS J22282889-4310262	Grus			15.66	35	T6	42	0.94	2013
WISE 0146+4234	Andromeda			18.71	20.5	Y0			2010
WISE 0226-0211	Cetus			18.94	91	T7			2010
WISE 0313+7807	Cepheus			17.65	28	T8.5			2010
WISE 0316+4307	Perseus				106.3	T8			2010
WISE 0350-5658	Reticulum			22.8	17.7	Y1			2010
WISE 0359-5401	Reticulum			21.56	19.2	Y0			2010
WISE 0410+1502	Taurus			19.25	20	Y0	6	1.17	2010
WISE 0458+6434A	Camelopardalis			17.50	35.9	T8.5	15	4.2	2010
WISE 0458+6434B	Camelopardalis			18.48	35.9	T9.5	10	3.8	2010
WISE 0535-7500	Mensa			21.1	47	Y1			2010
WISE 0607+2429	Gemini			14.22	25.4	L8			2010
WISE 0647-6232	Pictor			22.65	28	Y1			2010
WISE 0713-2917	Canis Major			19.64	23.2	Y0			2010
WISE 0734-7157	Volans			20.41	34.9	Y0			2010
WISE 1217+1626A	Coma Berenices			18.59	34.2	T9	12		2010
WISE 1217+1626B	Coma Berenices			20.26	34.2	Y0	6		2010
WISE 1405+5534	Ursa Major			20.2	25.3	Y0 pec	30	0.86	2010
WISE 1506+7027	Ursa Minor			14.33	11.1	T6			2010
WISE 1541-2250	Libra			21.16	20	Y0.5			2010
WISE 1639-6847	Triangulum Australe				16.3	Y0			2010
WISE 1711+3500	Hercules			17.89	60.3	T8			2010
WISE 1738+2732	Hercules			19.47	20	Y0			2010
WISE 1741+2553	Hercules			16.53	18.9	T9			2010
WISE 1828+2650	Lyra			23.57	36	Y2			2010
WISE 1841+7000	Draco			17.24	131.1	T5			2010
WISE 1952+7240	Draco			15.09	44.4	T4			2010
WISE 2056+1459	Delphinus			19.21	24.5	Y0			2010
WISE 2220-3628	Grus			20.38	26.4	Y0			2010
WISEA 1101+5400	Ursa Major	11^h 01^m 25.95^s	+54° 00′ 52.8″		111	T5.5			2017
2M1510	Libra	15^h 10^m 47.47^s	−28° 18′ 18.3″		120	M9γ+M9γ			2002

See also

• Lists of astronomical objects
• List of exoplanets

External links

• Web site: Extrasolar Visions: Brown dwarfs . 2007-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070928075638/http://www.clannad.net/starlisttour.asp?starcatid=browndwarf&order=mass&ShowUncertain=0 . 2007-09-28 . dead .
• Web site: Interactive Extrasolar-Planets Catalogue . 2007-07-25 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061127091326/http://vo.obspm.fr/exoplanetes/encyclo/catalog-all.php?&mode=2&more=yes . November 27, 2006 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Martin . Pierre-Yves . 2022 . Planet V921 Sco b . 2024-01-01 . exoplanet.eu . en.
2. Web site: L 34-26. 2021-07-16. sim-basic.