Dopachrome tautomerase explained

Dopachrome tautomerase (dopachrome delta-isomerase, tyrosine-related protein 2), also known as DCT, is a human gene.^[1] Its expression is regulated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).^{[2] [3]}

See also

• Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
• Dopachrome, a cyclization product of L-DOPA and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin.

Further reading

• Jackson IJ, Chambers DM, Tsukamoto K . A second tyrosinase-related protein, TRP-2, maps to and is mutated at the mouse slaty locus . EMBO J. . 11 . 2 . 527–35 . 1992 . 1537334 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05083.x. 556483 . etal.
• Tobin D, Quinn AG, Ito S, Thody AJ . The presence of tyrosinase and related proteins in human epidermis and their relationship to melanin type . Pigment Cell Res. . 7 . 4 . 204–9 . 1995 . 7855064 . 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00050.x .
• Bernd A, Ramirez-Bosca A, Kippenberger S . Levels of dopachrome tautomerase in human melanocytes cultured in vitro . Melanoma Res. . 4 . 5 . 287–91 . 1995 . 7858411 . 10.1097/00008390-199410000-00003 . 41170650 . etal.
• Yokoyama K, Yasumoto K, Suzuki H, Shibahara S . Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment cell-specific expression . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 43 . 27080–7 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47128-1 . 7929451 . free .
• Orlow SJ, Zhou BK, Chakraborty AK . High-molecular-weight forms of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins: evidence for a melanogenic complex . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 103 . 2 . 196–201 . 1994 . 8040609 . 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12392743 . etal.
• Sturm RA, Baker E, Sutherland GR . Grant Robert Sutherland . Assignment of the tyrosinase-related protein-2 gene (TYRP2) to human chromosome 13q31-q32 by fluorescence in situ hybridization: extended synteny with mouse chromosome 14 . Genomics . 21 . 1 . 293–6 . 1994 . 8088811 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1266 .
• Abdel-Malek Z, Swope V, Collins C . Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes . J. Cell Sci. . 106 . 4. 1323–31 . 1994 . 10.1242/jcs.106.4.1323 . 8126111 . etal.
• Yokoyama K, Suzuki H, Yasumoto K . Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA coding for human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein-2 . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1217 . 3 . 317–21 . 1994 . 8148378 . 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90292-5. etal.
• Cassady JL, Sturm RA . Sequence of the human dopachrome tautomerase-encoding TRP-2 cDNA . Gene . 143 . 2 . 295–8 . 1994 . 8206391 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90114-7 .
• Odh G, Hindemith A, Rosengren AM . Isolation of a new tautomerase monitored by the conversion of D-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 197 . 2 . 619–24 . 1994 . 8267597 . 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2524 . etal.
• Bouchard B, Del Marmol V, Jackson IJ . Molecular characterization of a human tyrosinase-related-protein-2 cDNA. Patterns of expression in melanocytic cells . Eur. J. Biochem. . 219 . 1–2 . 127–34 . 1994 . 8306979 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19922.x . etal. free .
• Sturm RA, O'Sullivan BJ, Box NF . Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase-related protein gene family . Genomics . 29 . 1 . 24–34 . 1996 . 8530077 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1211 . etal.
• Björk P, Aman P, Hindemith A . A new enzyme activity in human blood cells and isolation of the responsible protein (D-dopachrome tautomerase) from erythrocytes . Eur. J. Haematol. . 57 . 3 . 254–6 . 1996 . 8898931 . 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1996.tb01372.x . 31744251 . etal.
• Smith-Thomas L, Richardson P, Thody AJ . Human ocular melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells differ in their melanogenic properties in vivo and in vitro . Curr. Eye Res. . 15 . 11 . 1079–91 . 1997 . 8950502 . 10.3109/02713689608995139 . etal.
• Wang RF, Appella E, Kawakami Y . Identification of TRP-2 as a Human Tumor Antigen Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes . J. Exp. Med. . 184 . 6 . 2207–16 . 1997 . 8976176 . 10.1084/jem.184.6.2207 . 2211562 . etal.
• Chi DD, Merchant RE, Rand R . Molecular detection of tumor-associated antigens shared by human cutaneous melanomas and gliomas . Am. J. Pathol. . 150 . 6 . 2143–52 . 1997 . 9176405 . 1858329 . etal.
• Sugimoto H, Taniguchi M, Nakagawa A . Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human D-dopachrome tautomerase . J. Struct. Biol. . 120 . 1 . 105–8 . 1997 . 9356298 . 10.1006/jsbi.1997.3904 . etal.
• Nishihira J, Fujinaga M, Kuriyama T . Molecular cloning of human D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA: N-terminal proline is essential for enzyme activation . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 243 . 2 . 538–44 . 1998 . 9480844 . 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8123 . etal.
• Kippenberger S, Loitsch S, Solano F . Quantification of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and Trp-2 transcripts in human melanocytes by reverse transcriptase-competitive multiplex PCR--regulation by steroid hormones . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 110 . 4 . 364–7 . 1998 . 9540976 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00144.x . etal. free .
• Lupetti R, Pisarra P, Verrecchia A . Translation of a Retained Intron in Tyrosinase-related Protein (TRP) 2 mRNA Generates a New Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)-defined and Shared Human Melanoma Antigen Not Expressed in Normal Cells of the Melanocytic Lineage . J. Exp. Med. . 188 . 6 . 1005–16 . 1998 . 9743519 . 10.1084/jem.188.6.1005 . 2212536 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: DCT dopachrome tautomerase (dopachrome delta-isomerase, tyrosine-related protein 2).
2. Yasumoto K, Takeda K, Saito H . Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor interacts with LEF-1, a mediator of Wnt signaling . EMBO J. . 21 . 11 . 2703–14 . 2002 . 12032083 . 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2703. 126018 . etal.
3. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM . Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. . 21 . 6 . 665–76 . 2008 . 19067971. 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x . etal. free .