| Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk Arabic: ديوان لغات الترك|bold=no | |
| Location: | Presidential Library[1] |
| Also Known As: | Compendium of the languages of the Turks |
| Type: | Dictionary |
| Date: | 1072-74 |
| Place Of Origin: | Baghdad |
| Language(S): | Arabic Karakhanid Turkic |
| Author(S): | Mahmud al-Kashgari |
| Patron: | Kara-Khanid Khanate |
| Dedicated To: | Abbasid caliphs |
| Script: | Arabic script |
| Contents: | Comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages |
| Exemplar(S): | One |
| Previously Kept: | National Library of Turkey |
| Discovered: | Ali Amiri |
The (Arabic: ديوان لغات الترك|lit=Compendium of the languages of the Turks) is the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, compiled in 1072–74 by the Turkic Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud Kashgari who extensively documented the Turkic languages of his time.[2] [3]
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk was intended for use by the Caliphs of Baghdad, who were controlled by the Seljuk Turks. It has a map that shows countries and regions from Japan (Cabarka / Jabarka) to Egypt. The book also included the first known map of the areas inhabited by Turkic peoples.[4] The book was dedicated to Abu'l-Qasim Abdullah in Baghdad in 1077. The manuscript has 638 pages, and about 7500 Turkish words explained in the Arab language.[5]
The compendium documented evidence of Turkic migration and the expansion of the Turkic tribes and Turkic languages into Central Asia, Eastern Europe and West Asia, mainly between the 6th and 11th centuries. The region of origin of the Turkic people is suggested to be somewhere in Siberia and Mongolia. By the 10th century most of Central Asia was settled by Turkic tribes such as Tatar, Kipchaks, Türkmen, etc. The Seljuq dynasty settled in Anatolia starting in the 11th century, ultimately resulting in permanent Turkic settlement and presence there. Meanwhile, other Turkic tribes either ultimately formed independent nations, such as Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, and others new enclaves within other nations, such as Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, the Crimean Tatars, the Uyghurs in China, and the Sakha Republic in Siberia.[6] [7]
Mahmud al-Kashgari's comprehensive dictionary, later edited by the Turkish historian, Ali Amiri,[8] contains specimens of old Turkic poetry in the typical form of quatrains of Persian literature (Azerbaijani: dördəm, Persian Persian: رباعیات ruba'i; Turkish: dörtlük), representing all the principal genres: epic, pastoral, didactic, lyric, and elegiac.
The words from Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk were used during the Turkification attempts shortly after the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, including atasagun.[9] [10]
It has been previously housed at the National Library in Istanbul,[11] but as of February 2020 is in display at the Presidential Library in Ankara.[12]