Department of Lorraine explained

Native Name:
Conventional Long Name:Department of Lorraine
Common Name:Lorraine Department
Status Text:Department of Alsace-Lorraine
Nation:Germany Empire
Subdivision:Department
P1:Moselle (old)
P2:Meurthe (department)
Year Start:1871
Year End:1918
S1:Moselle (department)
Flag S1:Drapeau fr département Moselle.svg
Image Map Caption:Lorraine department with its districts in different colours (1890)
Capital:Metz
Government Type:regional administration
Title Leader:Bezirkspräsident
Leader1:G.H. von Donnersmarck
Year Leader1:1871–1872
Leader2:Botho zu Eulenburg
Year Leader2:1872–1873
Leader3:Robert von Puttkamer
Year Leader3:1875–1876
Title Deputy:Präsident des Bezirkstags (speaker of parl.)
Deputy1:Auguste-François Adam
Year Deputy1:1874–1881
Deputy2:Édouard Jaunez
Year Deputy2:1881–1911
Deputy3:Georges Ditsch
Year Deputy3:1911–1918
Legislature:Bezirkstag (parliament)
Era:19th and 20th century
Date Pre:1870–1871
Event Start:seized to Germany
Date Start:19 May
Event1:reorganisation acc.
to German standards
Date Event1:
1871
Event2:Bezirkstag est.
Date Event2:1874
Event3:reg. carsign VI C
Date Event3:1906
Event4:French occupation
Date Event4:1918–1920
Event End:seized to France
Versailles Tr. (effective)
Date End:
10 January
Date Post:1920
Stat Year1:1900
Stat Area1:6223
Stat Pop1:564829
Stat Year2:1910
Stat Area2:6228
Stat Pop2:655211
Political Subdiv:8 rural districts (as of 1901)
1 urban district (Metz)
Today:France

Bezirk Lothringen (today's French: link=no|Présidence <ref>F. ROTH La Présidence de Lorraine dans l’Empire allemand de 1871 à 1918, Annales de l’Est, Mémoire n° 50, Nancy, 1976, Moulin-les-Metz, 720 pages</ref> de la Lorraine, at the time translated into French: link=no|Département de la Lorraine[1] i.e. Department of Lorraine), also called German Lorraine (Deutsch Lothringen), was a government region ("Bezirk") in the western part of Alsace-Lorraine when it was part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918.

History

The Department of Lorraine differed from other Prussian government regions, as it was not a simple governorate. As a corporation of self-rule of the pertaining rural and urban districts and cantons, it was similar to regions in the then neighbouring Bavaria (Palatinate), which had been formed after the French model départements into which that region had been divided under French annexation. Thus the district parliaments delegated deputies to the General Council (parliament), the Bezirkstag von Lothringen (French: link=no|Conseil Général de la Lorraine). The capital of the Department of Lorraine was Metz.

Territorial composition

The department comprised the districts ("Kreise") of :

  1. Metz, independent city (Stadtkreis)
  2. "Kreis Bolchen", seated in Bolchen (Boulay)
  3. "Kreis Château-Salins", seated in Château-Salins
  4. "Kreis Diedenhofen-Ost", seated in Diedenhofen (Thionville)
  5. "Kreis Diedenhofen-West", seated in Diedenhofen (Thionville)
  6. "Kreis Forbach", seated in Forbach
  7. "Kreis Metz-Land", seated in Metz
  8. "Kreis Saarburg",[2] seated in Saarburg (Sarrebourg)
  9. "Kreis Saargemünd", seated in Saargemünd (Sarreguemines)

The department of Lorraine corresponds exactly to the current département of Moselle. After the outbreak of the Second World War and the defeat of France in 1940, the département of Moselle, renamed CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen, was added to the Gau Westmark on 30 November 1940.[3]

Department presidents

(German: Bezirkspräsident/today's French: Président de district)

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. In official bilingual publications at the time the Bezirk Lothringen is translated as Département de la Lorraine. German was the official language and its promotion was furthered, but bearing the strong proportion of Francophone Lorrainese in mind several bilingual publications appeared especially referring to the area of their settlement in the west and south of the Department or referring to department-wide events and organisations. Cf. the title of the department's legal gazette: Amtsblatt für den Bezirk Lothringen / Recueil officiel des actes administratifs du Département de la Lorraine.
  2. Not to be confused with the former Rhenish Kreis Saarburg, seated in Saarburg in the Rhineland.
  3. Jacques Lorraine (Edmond Huntzbuchler): Les Allemands en France. Origines, Bretagne, Zone interdite Est, Bourgogne, Alsace et Lorraine, Alger-Oran: editions du Désert, 1945, pp. 121–124.