Cystoseira Explained

Cystoseira is a genus of brown algae in the order Fucales.

Description

As presently defined, Cystoseira comprises fucoids characterised by antherozoids without stigmata, few antheridial branches, trichothallic hairs in conceptacles, large ovoid oospheres, and eggs that remain attached to the surface of the receptacles through mucilaginous stalks until after fertilization.

Distribution

Cystoseira as presently defined occurs only in the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic. Species from the Indian and Pacific oceans are presently included in different genera.

Ecology

Cystoseira are important habitat-forming species in coastal waters of the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic. They require good water quality, and can be used as bioindicators for pollution levels.^[1]

Species

Cystoseira was recenty found to include multiple unrelated lineages.^{[2] [3] [4]} As a result, most species were moved to the genera Stephanocystis, Polycladia, Sirophysalis, Gongolaria and Ericaria.^[5] As of January 2024, AlgaeBase lists the following non-fossil species as accepted:^[6]

• Cystoseira aurantia Kützing, 1843
• Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin, 1975
• Cystoseira crinitophylla Ercegovic, 1952
• Cystoseira flaccida Kützing 1843
• Cystoseira foeniculacea (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830
• Cystoseira humilis Schousboe ex Kützing, 1860
• Cystoseira hypocarpa Kützing 1854
• Cystoseira melanothrix (Kützing) Piccone, 1884
• Cystoseira micheleae Verlaque, Blanfuné, Boudouresque, Thibaut & Sellam, 2017
• Cystoseira pelagosae Ercegovic, 1952
• Cystoseira pustulata (Ercegovic) Neiva & Serrão, 2022
• Cystoseira pycnoclada Schiffner ex Gerloff & Nizamuddin, 1976
• Cystoseira schiffneri G.Hamel, 1939
• Cystoseira selaginoides Naccari 1828
• Cystoseira spicata Ercegovic 1952
• Cystoseira spicigera C.Agardh 1820
• Cystoseira thysigera Postels & Ruprecht 1840
• Cystoseira tophosa Filarszky 1926
• Cystoseira wildpretii Nizamuddin 1995

Many of these species are poorly studied and require validation.

Notes and References

1. Sales . M. . Ballesteros . E. . Shallow Cystoseira (Fucales: Ochrophyta) assemblages thriving in sheltered areas from Menorca (NW Mediterranean): Relationships with environmental factors and anthropogenic pressures . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science . 2009 . 84 . 4 . 476-482 . 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.07.013.
2. Orellana . S. . Hernández . M. . Sansón . M. . Diversity of Cystoseira sensu lato (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean based on morphological and DNA evidence, including Carpodesmia gen. emend. and Treptacantha gen. emend. . European Journal of Phycology . 2019 . 54 . 3 . 447–465 . 10.1080/09670262.2019.1590862.
3. Draisma . S.G.A. . Ballesteros . E. . Rousseau . F. . Thibaut . T. . DNA sequence data demonstrate the polyphyly of the genus Cystoseira and other Sargassaceae genera (Phaeophyceae) . J. Phycol. . 2010 . 46 . 1329-1345 . 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00891.x.
4. Neiva . J.M. . Bermejo . R. . Medrano . A. . Capdevila . P. . Milla-Figueras . D. . Afonso . P. . Ballesteros . E. . Sabour . B. . Serio . D. . Nóbrega . E. . Soares . J. . Valdazo . J. . Tuya . F. . Mulas . M. . Israel . A. . Sadogurska . S.S. . Guiry . M.D. . Pearson . G.A. . Serrão . E.A. . DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity, taxonomic conflicts and novel biogeographical insights in Cystoseira s.l. (Phaeophyceae) . European Journal of Phycology . 2023 . 58 . 3 . 351–375 . 10.1080/09670262.2022.2126894. 10261/283058 . free .
5. Molinari Novoa . E.A. . Guiry . M.D. . Reinstatement of the genera Gongolaria Boehmer and Ericaria Stackhouse (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyceae) . Notulae Algarum . 2020 . 172 . 1–10 . 13 January 2024.
6. Web site: Molinari Novoa . E.A. . Guiry . M.D. . Guiry . G.M. . Gongolaria Boehmer, 1760 . AlgaeBase . 13 January 2024.