Foreign relations of Cyprus explained

Cyprus is a member of the United Nations[1] along with most of its agencies as well as the Commonwealth of Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Council of Europe. In addition, the country has signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Agreement (MIGA). Cyprus has been a member of the European Union since 2004 and in the second half of 2012 it held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.[2]

Historical non-alignment

See also: Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement and Cyprus–NATO relations. Cyprus has historically followed a non-aligned foreign policy, although it increasingly identifies with the West in its cultural affinities and trade patterns, and maintains close relations with the European Union, Greece, Armenia, Lebanon, Israel and the United States.

The prime originator of Cypriot non-alignment was Archbishop of Cyprus Makarios III, the first President (1960–1977) of the independent republic of Cyprus. Prior to independence, Makarios - by virtue of his post as Archbishop of Cyprus and head of the Cypriot Orthodox Church - was the Greek Cypriot Ethnarch, or de facto leader of the community. A highly influential figure well before independence, he participated in the 1955 Bandung Conference. After independence, Makarios took part in the 1961 founding meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement in Belgrade.

Reasons for this neutrality may lie in the extreme pressures exerted on the infant Republic by its larger neighbours, Turkey and Greece. Intercommunal rivalries and movements for union with Greece or partial union with Turkey may have persuaded Makarios to steer clear of close affiliation with either side. In any case Cyprus became a high-profile member of the Non-Aligned Movement and retained its membership until its entry into the European Union in 2004. At the non-governmental level, Cyprus has also been a member of the popular extension of the Non-Aligned Movement, the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organisation hosting several high-level meetings.

Immediately after the 1974 Greek-sponsored coup d'état and the Turkish invasion, Makarios secured international recognition of his administration as the legitimate government of the whole island. This was disputed only by Turkey, which currently recognizes only the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, established in 1983.

Since the 1974 crisis, the chief aim of the foreign policy of the Republic of Cyprus has been to secure the withdrawal of Turkish forces and the reunification of the island under the most favorable constitutional and territorial settlement possible. This campaign has been pursued primarily through international forums such as the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement, and in recent years through the European Union.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Cyprus maintains diplomatic relations with:

CountryDate[3]
1[4]
2[5]
3[6]
4[7]
5[8]
— (suspended)[9]
6[10]
7[11]
8[12]
9[13]
10[14]
11[15]
12
13[16]
14[17]
15[18]
16[19]
17[20]
19[21]
20[22]
20[23]
21[24]
22[25]
23[26]
24[27]
25[28]
26[29]
27[30]
28[31]
29[32]
30[33]
31[34]
32[35]
33[36]
34[37]
35[38]
36[39]
37[40]
38[41]
39[42]
40[43]
41[44]
42[45]
43[46]
44[47]
45
46[48]
47[49]
48[50]
49[51]
50[52]
51[53]
52[54]
–[55]
53[56]
54[57]
55[58]
56[59]
57[60]
58[61]
59[62]
60[63]
611975[64]
62[65]
63[66]
64[67]
65[68]
66[69]
67[70]
68[71]
69[72]
70[73]
71[74]
72[75]
73[76]
74
75[77]
76
77
78[78]
79[79]
80
81[80]
82[81]
83
84[82]
85[83]
86[84]
87[85]
88[86]
89[87]
90[88]
91[89]
92[90]
93[91]
94[92]
95[93]
96[94]
97[95]
98[96]
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111[97]
112
113[98]
114
115
116
117[99]
118
119[100]
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143[101]
144[102]
145[103]
146[104]
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154[105]
155
156[106]
157
158
159
160[107]
161
162[108]
—[109]
163
—[110] [111]
164
165
166
167[112]
168
169[113]
170
171Unknown (before October 2006)
172Unknown (before October 2006)
173Unknown (before October 2006)
174Unknown (before October 2006)
175Unknown (before October 2006)
176Unknown (before October 2006)
177Unknown (before October 2006)
178Unknown (before October 2006)
179Unknown (before October 2006)
180Unknown (before October 2006)
181Unknown (before October 2006)
182Unknown (before October 2006)
183Unknown (before October 2006)

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
Cyprus joined the Council of Europe as a full member on 24 May 1961.
See Cyprus in the European UnionCyprus joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.
See Cyprus–NATO relationsCyprus is not a member of NATO.

Africa

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
3 April 1979See Algeria–Cyprus relations
Cyprus is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Pretoria.[119]
30 September 1960, severed diplomatic relations 21 February 1978, restored 30 May 1984See Cyprus–Egypt relationsEgypt is a close ally of Cyprus as both countries share an oilfield. Egypt conquered Cyprus many times in ancient, medieval and modern eras and it was ruled by Egyptians which added Egyptian culture to the local culture and supported increasing the relationship between both countries. The relationship between the two countries was strained in February 1978 when Cypriot National Guardsmen shot dead Egyptian Commandos at Larnaca International Airport when the commandos attempted to intervene in a hostage situation.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Nicosia.
25 February 2004
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 2004.[122]
  • Cyprus is represented in Lesotho through its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[123]
  • Lesotho is represented in Cyprus via parallel accreditation of its embassy in London.[124]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
8 November 1973See Cyprus–Libya relations
Madagascar
Malawi22 June 2000
Mauritania
  • Cyprus is represented in Mauritania by its embassy in Tripoli.[128]
  • Mauritania is represented in Cyprus by its embassy in Rome.[129]
Mauritius February 1, 2001[130]
1979
  • Cyprus is represented in Morocco through its embassy in Lisbon (Portugal).
  • Morocco is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens (Greece) and through 2 honorary consulates in Larnaca and Latsia.[132]
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Namibia
  • Cyprus is represented in Namibia through its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is represented in Cyprus through its High Commission in London, United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Athens.[133]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Seychelles1 July 1976
  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations
  • List of bilateral agreements.[134]
  • Cyprus is represented in Seychelles through its embassy in Muscat, Oman.[135]
  • Seychelles is represented in Cyprus through its High Commission in London, United Kingdom.[136]
South Africa December 10, 1993
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 10, 1993.[137] [138]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission in Pretoria.
  • South Africa is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
24 September 2015Cyprus is represented in Togo by its embassy in Paris, France.[139]
5 November 1999
1 February 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1977 when accredited first High Commissioner of Cyprus to Uganda with residence in Nairobi Mr. F. A. Grammenopoulos[140]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations and have signed an Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Tourism.[141]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Americas

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
20 May 1968 and 3 June 1968
Belize21 July 2000
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 21, 2000.[148]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Brazil July 21, 1964
See Canada–Cyprus relationsCanadian bilateral political relations with Cyprus stemmed initially from Cypriot Commonwealth membership at independence in 1960 (that had followed a guerrilla struggle with Britain). These relations quickly expanded in 1964 when Canada became a major troop contributor to UNFICYP. The participation lasted for the next 29 years, during which 50,000 Canadian soldiers served and 28 were killed. In large measure Canadian relations with Cyprus continue to revolve around support for the ongoing efforts of the United Nations, G8 and others to resolve the Island's divided status. Contacts with Cyprus on other issues also take place in international organizations such as the UN, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations.
  • Canada is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[152]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission in Ottawa and an honorary consulate in Vancouver.[153]
25 January 1966 and 14 May 1970
  • Colombia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Cyprus is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • In 2010, both Ministers of Foreign Affairs signed a cooperation agreement regarding tourism and the war on drugs.[154]
Dominica13 June 2001Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on the 13 June 2001 in New York[155]
Guyana11 February 1972
20 February 1974See Cyprus–Mexico relations
  • Cyprus does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[157]
Peru19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966.[158]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2 August 2006
Trinidad and Tobago
  • Cyprus is represented in Trinidad and Tobago by its embassy in New York.[160]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
16 August 1960See Cyprus–United States relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and a consulate-general in New York City.[161]
  • United States has an embassy in Nicosia.[162]

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
18 March 1992See Armenia–Cyprus relations
14 December 1971See China–Cyprus relations
9 July 1992See Cyprus–Georgia relations
10 February 1962See Cyprus–India relations
Indonesia4 December 1987
  • Diplomatic relations were established on December 4, 1987[166] [167]
  • Cyprus reopened its embassy in Jakarta in October 2023.[168]
  • Indonesia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.[169]
1960s
17 August 1960See Cyprus–Israel relations

In the case of Israel, Cyprus has occasionally outwardly backed the Palestinians in the Arab–Israeli conflict, to the annoyance of some in the Israeli government. Cyprus, like over 100 other countries, officially recognizes Palestine as a de facto state.

The island is also host to a number of Palestinian and Lebanese refugees.

Relations between the two countries continued to suffer when Cypriot first lady Antroulla Vasiliou, the wife of the then President George Vasiliou, was declared persona non grata in Israel when a delegation she was leading attempted to meet with Yasser Arafat, who was under house arrest.

Controversy and public outcry arose in the early 2000s, when members of the Cypriot branch of the Greek Orthodox Church were accused of selling church-owned land in the West Bank to Israeli developers, putting Cypriot commitment to the Palestinian cause at question.

The expulsion of two alleged Israeli spies from the island in 1998 also caused tension between the two governments.

The two countries now appear to be on improving terms, there has been coopertation on numerous areas but mostly on agriculture, military and tourism. The Cypriot government has also been reported to be making deals with both Israel and Egypt in exploring for oil off the southern Cyprus coast.

Israeli foreign minister Avigdor Lieberman visited Cyprus at the invitation of his Cypriot counterpart when Netanyahu was in Washington for the direct talks with the Palestinian leader. Lieberman and Cypriot foreign minister Kyprianou have met several times this year in an effort to strengthen relations between their countries.

11 May 1962
11 January 1962
2 April 1992
20 February 1992
3 May 2005
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Nicosia.
20 September 1960
1 November 1987
Mongolia19 December 1973 and 19 December 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1973.[178] [179]
  • Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria[180]
1978
1988See Cyprus–Palestine relations
21 February 2001See Cyprus–Qatar relations
See Cyprus–Saudi Arabia relations
March 1981
See Cyprus–Syria relations
27 February 1992
Thailand5 May 1980
  • Cyprus is represented in Thailand through its High Commission in New Delhi, India.[186]
  • Thailand is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.
SuspendedTurkey does not recognize the government of the Republic of Cyprus, stating that the Republic—as established by the Constitution of 1960—ceased to exist when the intercommunal violence that commenced in December 1963 ended Turkish Cypriot participation in the Cypriot government. The attempted coup in July 1974—engineered by Greek Military Junta—was responded to by Turkey by a full military invasion, which resulted in the northern third of the island being occupied by Turkish military forces. This portion of Cyprus unilaterally declared independence in November 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which only Turkey recognizes. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as the "Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus".[187]

Cyprus takes the view that the TRNC government is a puppet administration, and thus prefers to negotiate with Turkey over the resolution of the Cyprus Problem. Turkey insists that the TRNC government is the institution that the RoC government must refer to in negotiations.

Cyprus' accession to the European Union has had a negative impact on Turkey in regards to its own accession negotiations. The refusal of Turkey to allow Cypriot-flagged ships to access Turkish ports has resulted in a partial suspension of its accession negotiations.

12 April 1978 and 6 June 2007See Cyprus–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Abu Dhabi
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nicosia
29 November 1975Cyprus is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in New Delhi, India. Vietnam is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Tripoli, Libya.

Europe

See also: Cyprus in the European Union. Cyprus' 1990 application for full EU membership caused a storm in the Turkish Cypriot community, which argued that the move required their consent. Following the December 1997 EU Summit decisions on EU enlargement, accession negotiations began 31 March 1998. Cyprus joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. To fulfil its commitment as a member of the European Union, Cyprus withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement on accession, retaining observer status.

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
28 August 1991
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991.[188]
  • Albania is represented in Cyprus by its embassy in Athens, Greece[189] and an honorary consulate in Larnaca.[190]
  • Cyprus is represented in Albania by its embassy in Athens, Greece[191] and an honorary consulate in Tirana.[192]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.
See Austria–Cyprus relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Cyprus joined on 1 May 2004.
1960
  • Belgium is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens (Greece). and an honorary consulates in Limassol.
  • Cyprus is represented in Belgium through its embassy in The Hague (Netherlands).
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
30 October 1960See Bulgaria–Cyprus relations
Croatia4 February 1993See Croatia–Cyprus relations
1 February 1961 and 1 January 1993See Cyprus–Czech Republic relations
2 November 1960See Cyprus–Denmark relations
20 December 1991
29 September 1961See Cyprus–Finland relations
16 August 1960
20 August 1960See Cyprus–Germany relations
16 August 1960
  • See Cyprus–Greece relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Athens and a consulate-general in Thessaloniki.
  • Greece has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
  • The Greek Cypriot majority in Cyprus and the ethnic Greek population of Greece share a common ethnicity, heritage, language, and religion, leading to an exceptionally close relationship between the two countries.
18 October 1960
4 September 1979
  • Cyprus is represented in Iceland by its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Iceland is represented in Cyprus by its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
Ireland23 November 1984See Cyprus–Ireland relations
1960
  • Cyprus is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).
  • Latvia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens (Greece). and an honorary consulates in Limassol.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union on 1 May 2004.
3 December 1992
Luxembourg
  • Cyprus is represented to Luxembourg through its accredited embassy in The Hague (Netherlands).
  • Luxembourg is represented to Cyprus through its accredited embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
13 September 1972See Cyprus–Malta relations
21 February 1992
24 February 2011
12 March 2007See Cyprus–Montenegro relations
1960See Cyprus–Netherlands relations
22 March 1963See Cyprus–Norway relations

Cyprus–Norway relations are foreign relations between Cyprus and Norway. Diplomatic relations were established on 22 March 1963.[208] The government in Cyprus considers that "bilateral relations between Cyprus and Norway are excellent in all fields".

Neither country has resident ambassadors. Cyprus is represented in Norway through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden, and 2 honorary consulates, one in Oslo and the second in Kristiansand. Norway is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens, Greece, and an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[209] Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Diplomatic relations were established on 22 March 1963.[210]

On 21 August 1951, there was a Consular Convention and an Exchange of Letters relating to establishing diplomatic relations. On 2 May 1951, there was a Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income. On 17 May 1962, there was an Exchange of Letters constituting an Agreement on the Abolition of Visa Requirement in Nicosia. On 5 March 1963, there was an Agreement on Commercial Scheduled Air Transport signed in London.[211]

The taxation levels in Cyprus are considerably lower than in Norway, and Cyprus has actively courted Norwegians to move to Cyprus.[212] Among the Norwegians who moved to Cyprus is the shipping billionaire John Fredriksen, who was the richest man in Norway.[213] [214] [215]

In 1996 tax rules in Norway were changed to keep shipping companies competitive and under the Norwegian flag. By 2008 changes to the tonnage tax regime to harmonize them with the European Union forced some companies to register in Cyprus.[216] Norwegian Service rig company Prosafe moved their headquarters to Cyprus.[217]

Several Norwegian retirees also moved to Cyprus; this too is largely to benefit from the lower tax rate on Cyprus and the minimal crime.[218]

15 January 1961See Cyprus–Poland relations
5 March 1975
15 November 1960
18 August 1960
  • The USSR established diplomatic relations with the newly independent Republic of Cyprus on 18 August 1960.
  • Cooperation between both countries has increased since the 1990s and the fall of the USSR.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in Krasnodar, Saint Petersburg, Samara and in Yekaterinburg.
  • Russia has an embassy in Nicosia.
7 October 1960
1 January 1993
10 December 1992See Cyprus–Slovenia relations
25 December 1967See Cyprus–Spain relations
12 December 1960See Cyprus–Sweden relations
  • Cyprus is represented in Switzerland through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nicosia.
19 February 1992
16 August 1960See Cyprus–United Kingdom relationsCyprus established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960.
  • Cyprus maintains a high commission in London, and honorary consulates in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Dunblane, Glasgow, and Leeds.[231]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Cyprus through its high commission in Nicosia.[232]

The UK governed Cyprus from 1878 until 1960, when it achieved full independence. The UK maintains the two sovereign base areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the island of Cyprus.Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. The UK is a "guarantor power" of Cyprus's independence.

Oceania

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
  • Australia has a High Commission in Nicosia.[233]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission in Canberra.[234]
1978
31 March 1978
May 5, 2010
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 5, 2010.[236]
  • Cyprus is represented in the Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its High Commission in Canberra, Australia.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
26 February 1990

Multilateral relations

Overview

The Republic of Cyprus maintains diplomatic relations with 179 states (including the Holy See and Palestinian National Authority) and is United Nations, Union for the Mediterranean and European Union full member. It does not maintain diplomatic relations with:[237] [238]

The Republic of Cyprus is not recognised by .[239]

International disputes

The 1974 invasion of the Turkish army divided the island nation into two. The internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus currently has effective control in the south of the island (59% of the island's land area) while its area not under its effective control makes up 37% of the island. Turkey utilising the territory occupied during the invasion recognizes a declared separatist[240] UDI of Turkish Cypriots in 1983, contrary to multiple United Nations Security Council Resolutions. The two territories of the Republic are separated by a United Nations Buffer Zone (4% of the island); there are two UK sovereign base areas mostly within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: UN Security Council Resolution 155 (1960) . January 29, 2007 . August 23, 1960 . PDF . United Nations .
  2. Web site: Cyprus Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2012 . European Union . 19 February 2015.
  3. Web site: Diplomatic relations between Cyprus and ... . 12 November 2021 . United Nations Digital Library.
  4. Book: Gruel-Dieudé, Magali . Chypre et l'Union européenne: mutations diplomatiques et politiques . . 2007 . 91 . fr.
  5. Book: The Diplomatic Service List. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office.. H.M. Stationery Office. 1970 . 136–149.
  6. Web site: A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Cyprus . 12 November 2021.
  7. Book: Yitzhak, Oron . Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, issue 2 . The Moshe Dayan Center . 326.
  8. Web site: Relations between Cyprus and Russia . 12 November 2021.
  9. Book: News from Turkey . Turkish Information Office . 1960 . 4.
  10. Web site: Steckbrief . 12 November 2021 . de.
  11. Web site: History . 24 July 2023 . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240713093426/http://nicosia.mfa.gov.lb/cyprus/english/embassy-of-lebanon-in-cyprus . dead .
  12. Web site: Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap, later de Ambassade op Cyprus, 1955- 1964 . 13 November 2021 . 8 . nl.
  13. Web site: Cyprus . 12 November 2021.
  14. Web site: Ciprus - Hasznos Információk . 12 November 2021 . hu.
  15. Book: Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts 206-210 . United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service . 1960 . 17.
  16. Web site: Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) . bg.
  17. Web site: Bilateral Relations between Cyprus and Denmark . 12 November 2021.
  18. Book: Cyprus - Report of the year 1961 . Public Information Office . 1961 . 88.
  19. Web site: Diplomatic Relations of Romania . 12 November 2021 . 12 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211112210822/http://www.mae.gov.ro/en/node/2187 . dead .
  20. Web site: 8 February 2018 . THE PRESIDENT OF CYPRUS RECEIVES THE CREDENTIAL LETTERS OF THE CUBAN AMBASSADOR . 13 November 2021 . 13 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211113120432/http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/articulo/president-cyprus-receives-credential-letters-cuban-ambassador . dead .
  21. Web site: Bilateral agreements . 12 November 2021.
  22. Book: Petruf, Pavol . Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 . 105 . sk.
  23. Web site: 6 February 2020 . The President of the Republic received the credentials of the Ambassador of Belgium . 14 November 2021.
  24. Web site: 15 January 2021 . 60th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between Poland and Cyprus . 12 November 2021.
  25. Web site: Linwood . DeLong . January 2020 . A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 . 26 June 2023.
  26. Web site: Countries and regions A–Z . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US . March 30, 2018 . April 1, 2018.
  27. Web site: Italy and Cyprus 60 years of diplomatic relations . 26 October 2023 . Embassy of Italy Nicosia . 10.
  28. Web site: Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar . dead . 13 November 2021 . ms . 13 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211113141021/https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx .
  29. News: 13 July 2022 . Address by the President of the Republic of Cyprus, Mr Nicos Anastasiades, on the occasion of the presentation of credentials by the new Ambassadors and High Commissioners . 8 August 2022.
  30. Web site: سياسي / المملكة وقبرص .. علاقات متطورة نحو آفاق أوسع لخدمة مصالحهما المشتركة . 31 December 2023 . Saudi Press Agency . ar.
  31. Web site: Cyprus - India relations . 12 November 2021.
  32. News: 6 June 2022 . Bringing a piece of Japan to Cyprus . Cyprus Mail . 5 August 2024.
  33. Book: Memoria que el Ministro de Estado en el Departamento de Relaciones Exteriores presenta al Congreso Nacional de... . 1962 . 26 . es.
  34. Web site: 3 October 2022 . Photo Album – Labour Minister – Inauguration of the Photographic Exhibition "Cyprus – Austria: 60 Years of Diplomatic Relations" . 9 July 2023.
  35. Web site: العلاقات الأردنية - القبرصية . 14 November 2021 . ar.
  36. Book: Current notes on International Affairs - January 1962 . Australian Foreign Affairs Record . 56.
  37. Web site: 27 April 1999 . Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater . 18 October 2021 . regjeringen.no . no.
  38. Book: Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts . United States. Central Intelligence Agency . 1963 . 234–235 . K3.
  39. Book: James Ker-Lindsay . Britain and the Cyprus Crisis, 1963-1964 . Bibliopolis . 2004 . 97.
  40. García . Hernan Alejandro Olano . 2015 . Cyprus relations with Latin American countries The Colombian case . Cidem Panama . 145.
  41. Book: Boletín para el Servicio Exterior . Uruguay. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores . 1965 . es.
  42. Web site: República de Chipre . 12 November 2021 . es.
  43. García . Hernan Alejandro Olano . 2015 . Cyprus relations with Latin American countries The Colombian case . Cidem Panama . 147.
  44. Web site: Chipre . 12 November 2021 . 3 . es.
  45. Web site: Relaciones Chipre Argentina . 12 November 2021 . es . 2 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231202111700/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/embassies/embassy_madrid.nsf/All/68C304E4D292D595C1257A06003CA180 . dead .
  46. Web site: Bulletin de documentation_1970_2 . 24 May 2023 . sip.gouvernement.lu . 29 . fr.
  47. Book: Cyprus Bulletin: Review of Cyprus Developments, 7 . Press and Information Office,Republic of Cyprus . 1970.
  48. Web site: The Embassy . 12 November 2021.
  49. Web site: Diplomatic relations . 21 April 2021 . 24 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ . dead .
  50. Web site: LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file . 13 August 2017 . 25 March 2021 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados).
  51. Book: Trinidad and Tobago Gazette Volume 12, Issues 1-172 . U.S. Government Printing Office . 1973 . 176.
  52. Web site: 16 April 2021 . Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations . https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations . 8 March 2016 . 16 April 2021.
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