Cyprus–Lebanon relations refer to the multifaceted interactions between the Republic of Cyprus and the Republic of Lebanon, encompassing diplomatic, economic, cultural, and historical dimensions. The relationship is significantly shaped by their geographic proximity and shared regional interests.[1]
In 2024, tensions in the security relations have risen due to a warning from Hezbollah's leader, Hassan Nasrallah, about a "war without rules" if Cyprus allows Israel to use its territory in any conflict against Hezbollah.[2]
The ties between Cyprus and Lebanon date back to ancient times, influenced by various civilizations such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. These connections have laid a strong foundation for contemporary relations.[3]
Diplomatic relations were formally established after both countries gained independence—Lebanon from France in 1943 and Cyprus from Britain in 1960. Each country maintains an embassy in the other’s capital, fostering direct diplomatic engagement.
The political relationship between Cyprus and Lebanon is characterized by mutual support and cooperation on regional stability and conflict resolution. Recent meetings between leaders, such as Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides and Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati, emphasize the strong bilateral ties and the commitment to further enhance them.
Economic cooperation is a key aspect of Cyprus-Lebanon relations, with significant interactions in trade, investment, and tourism.[4]
The two countries engage in the exchange of various goods. Cyprus exports pharmaceuticals, machinery, and foodstuffs to Lebanon, while importing machinery, electrical equipment, and agricultural products from Lebanon.
Tourism is a vital sector, with Lebanese tourists frequently visiting Cyprus, attracted by its close proximity and appealing destinations. Conversely, Cyprus serves as a significant destination for Lebanese seeking leisure and business opportunities.[5]
Cultural exchanges highlight the shared Mediterranean heritage of Cyprus and Lebanon. Events such as music festivals, art exhibitions, and educational exchanges are common, fostering mutual cultural appreciation and understanding.
Universities and research institutions in both countries often collaborate on projects related to archaeology, history, and Mediterranean studies.
Both nations cooperate on security and defense, addressing common challenges such as maritime security, counter-terrorism, and emergency response. Cyprus has provided military assistance to the Lebanese Armed Forces, reflecting the depth of their defense cooperation.
In June 2024, Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah warned of a "war without rules" if Cyprus allows Israel to use its territory in any conflict against Hezbollah. This statement came amid escalating Israel–Hezbollah conflict, emphasizing Cyprus' strategic position in the region and its bilateral defense cooperation agreement with Israel.[6] Cyprus has denied providing military assistance to Israel, stressing its neutrality. However, in response to the threat, Cyprus is updating its anti-terrorism measures. The European Union (EU) has also expressed support, stating that any threat against Cyprus is a threat against the entire EU.[7] President Nikos Christodoulides of Cyprus told that his country was “not involved in the war conflicts in any way.”[8] [9]
Cyprus and Lebanon participate actively in regional organizations and initiatives, including the Union for the Mediterranean. They have also been involved in tripartite cooperation mechanisms with Greece, aimed at promoting peace, security, and development in the Eastern Mediterranean.[10]
Both countries have worked closely on addressing the Syrian refugee crisis, with Cyprus providing support to Lebanon, which hosts over 1.5 million Syrian refugees.[11] Additionally, Cyprus and Lebanon have agreed to advance maritime border talks following Lebanon’s maritime boundary agreement with Israel, which opens opportunities for offshore gas exploration.[12]