Demographics of Cyprus explained

Place:Cyprus
Size Of Population:1,295,102 (2022 est.)
Nation:Cypriot
Major Ethnic:Greek Cypriots 98.8%
Official:Greek, Turkish
Age 0-14 Years:15.69%
Age 65 Years:12.97%
Growth:1.06% (2022 est.)
Birth:10.57 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death:6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Infant Mortality:8.36 deaths/1,000 live births
Net Migration:6.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Sr At Birth:1.05 male(s)/female
Sr Under 15:1.05 male(s)/female
Sr 65 Years Over:0.55 male(s)/female
Total Mf Ratio:0.93 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Life:79.74 years
Life Male:76.93 years
Life Female:82.68 years (2022 est.)
Fertility:1.48 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Minor Ethnic:Others 1% (including Turkish, Armenian, Maronite) and unspecified 0.2%

The people of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many cultural traits but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with Greece and Turkey respectively. Before the dispute started in 1964 the peoples of Cyprus (then 77.1% Greek speaking Cypriots, 18.2% Turkish speaking Cypriots, <5% other communities, primarily Armenians, Maronites, and other Lebanese)[1] [2] were dispersed over the entire island.

The Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 de facto partitioned the island into two political areas: 99.5% of Greek Cypriots now live in the free areas of the Republic of Cyprus while 98.7% of Turkish Cypriots live in northern areas of Cyprus self-proclaimed as another state not recognised by any country other than Turkey (99.2% of other nationalities live in the Greek Cypriot areas in the center, west, east and south).[3] Greek and Cypriot dialect are predominantly spoken in the east, west, south and centre, where the majority are Greek Cypriots, and Turkish in the north, where the majority are Turkish Cypriots. English is widely used throughout the island, as a common language.

The total population of Cyprus as of the end of 2006 was slightly over 1 million, comprising 789,300 in the territory controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus[4] and 294,406 in the northern areas of Cyprus. The population of the northern areas of Cyprus has increased following the immigration of 150,000–160,000 Turkish mainlanders, which the UN confirmed to have arrived illegally.[5] On this basis, the Republic of Cyprus government does not include this group in the population statistics of the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service.[6]

Summer is the high season in Cyprus. Population increases with expatriates during June, July and August. Many expatriates bring their family and friends from England, United States and Australia.

Land values and price increases for all consumer goods increase as a result of the expats and foreigners buying land and houses and relocating year round and/or only during the high season.

Population

838,897 in Republic of Cyprus controlled area (October 2011 census preliminary result)[7]

294,906 in northern Cyprus (2011 population census).[8]

1,133,803 total population of Cyprus (sum of population in Government controlled area and northern Cyprus, 2011 data)Population by citizenship

Republic of Cyprus government controlled area:

1992 census: 95.8% Cypriot, 4.2% Non-Cypriot[9]

2001 census: 90.6% Cypriot, 9.4% Non-Cypriot[9]

2011 census: 78.6% Cypriot, 21.4% Non-Cypriot (preliminary)[7] northern areas of Cyprus:[8]

2006 census (de facto population): 66.7% NC, 29.3% Turkey, 4.0% other

Vital statistics

Cyprus (1901–1990)

Historical data about main demographic indicators from 1901 to 1990, for the entire island:[10] [11] [12]

YearTotal population Live births1Deaths1Natural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)
1901238,0007,3004,3003,00030.618.112.5
1902241,0006,7003,5003,20028.014.613.4
1903245,0007,0003,6003,40028.614.614.0
1904249,0007,6003,7003,90030.414.815.6
1905253,0007,5004,5003,00029.617.711.9
1906257,0007,9004,1003,80030.715.814.9
1907260,0008,2004,6003,60031.417.713.7
1908264,0008,7005,2003,50032.919.713.2
1909268,0008,0004,5003,50029.816.912.9
1910271,0008,7004,1004,60032.115.216.9
1911275,0008,7004,5004,20031.616.215.4
1912279,0008,0004,9003,10028.517.710.8
1913283,0008,7005,3003,40030.718.811.9
1914287,0009,5005,1004,40033.117.615.5
1915291,00010,0005,8004,20034.319.814.5
1916294,0005,9005,30060020.017.92.1
1917297,0008,8005,4003,40029.518.211.3
1918301,0009,9006,9003,00032.922.910.0
1919305,0008,9005,2003,70029.217.212.0
1920309,0009,1007,4001,70029.523.95.6
1921312,0008,4006,2002,20026.820.06.8
1922315,0009,0006,2002,80028.619.69.0
1923318,0008,1005,7002,40025.518.07.5
1924322,0008,8005,6003,20027.317.49.9
1925326,0008,3004,7003,60025.614.411.2
1926330,0008,5005,6002,90025.917.18.8
1927333,0008,4005,2003,20025.215.69.6
1928337,0009,7005,1004,60028.915.213.7
1929341,00010,4004,6005,80030.413.516.9
1930345,00011,1005,7005,40032.116.415.7
1931349,00010,5005,9004,60030.217.013.2
1932352,00010,1005,7404,36028.716.312.4
1933356,0009,7504,9104,84027.413.813.6
1934360,00010,8524,7576,09530.113.216.9
1935363,00011,7354,9766,75932.313.718.6
1936367,00012,7274,6568,07134.712.722.0
1937371,00010,9546,3344,62029.517.112.5
1938376,00011,8045,4456,35931.414.516.9
1939393,00012,2145,5196,69531.114.017.0
1940401,00013,2544,6788,57633.111.721.4
1941409,00011,4025,0586,34427.912.415.5
1942412,0009,2216,7472,47422.416.46.0
1943416,00012,4055,1557,25029.812.417.4
1944425,00014,3304,26310,06733.710.023.7
1945435,00013,2694,1119,15830.59.521.1
1946447,00014,4823,79310,68932.411.023.9
1947458,00015,1583,87511,28333.111.024.6
1948477,00015,0785,2509,82831.611.020.6
1949485,00013,2345,2907,94427.311.016.4
1950494,00014,5175,3409,18729.411.018.6
1951502,00014,4035,3709,04328.710.518.0
1952508,00013,3585,3807,96826.310.515.7
1953515,00013,4465,4108,03626.110.515.6
1954523,00013,8935,4908,40326.610.516.1
1955530,00013,7475,5708,17725.910.515.4
1956536,00013,8755,6308,21525.910.515.3
1957546,00014,1005,7308,35025.810.515.3
1958558,00014,3205,8608,48025.710.515.2
1959567,00014,4115,9508,49125.410.515.0
1960573,00014,5006,0208,51025.310.514.9
1961575,00015,0596,2068,85326.210.815.4
1962577,00014,7876,1018,68625.610.615.0
1963582,00014,6026,0798,52325.110.414.6
1964587,00014,2246,2068,01824.210.613.7
1965591,00013,7076,0617,64623.210.312.9
1966595,00013,2505,9917,25922.310.112.2
1967599,00012,7885,9716,81721.310.011.4
1968604,00012,4035,9586,44520.59.910.7
1969609,00012,0465,9466,10019.89.810.0
1970614,00011,8015,9985,80319.29.89.4
1971620,00011,6415,9835,65818.89.79.1
1972627,00011,6206,0435,57718.59.68.9
1973634,00011,6006,0475,55318.39.58.8
1974630,00010,5786,9003,67816.811.05.8
1975610,0009,7684,8234,94516.07.98.1
1976599,00011,1945,1486,04618.78.610.1
1977599,00010,9515,4455,50618.39.19.2
1978601,00011,2995,0486,25118.88.410.4
1979605,00011,9205,0836,83719.78.411.3
1980611,00012,4645,6826,78220.49.311.1
1981618,00012,1115,1906,92119.68.411.2
1982625,00012,9855,3077,67820.88.512.3
1983632,00013,0785,4337,64520.78.612.1
1984640,00013,1825,1198,06320.68.012.6
1985648,00012,6225,5027,12019.58.511.0
1986654,00012,7535,4947,25919.58.411.1
1987660,00012,3315,8696,46218.78.99.8
1988665,00012,7535,8456,90819.28.810.4
1989671,00012,1415,7026,43918.18.59.6
1 The numbers of births and deaths 1901–1932 are estimates calculated from the birth and death rates.

Area under the effective control of the Republic of Cyprus

[13] Historical data about main demographic indicators from 1990 to 2018, for the southern part of the island:[12]

Average population Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rateInfant mortality rate
1990579,40010,6224,8445,77818.38.410.02.4211.0
1991594,90010,4425,0755,36717.68.59.02.3311.0
1992610,60011,3725,2206,15218.68.510.12.4910.0
1993625,80010,5144,7895,72516.87.79.12.248.6
1994639,00010,3794,9245,45516.27.78.52.178.6
1995650,7009,8694,9354,93415.27.67.62.038.5
1996660,9009,6384,9584,68014.67.57.11.968.3
1997670,4009,2755,1734,10213.87.76.11.878.0
1998678,9008,8795,4323,44713.18.05.11.767.0
1999686,4008,5055,0703,43512.47.45.01.676.0
2000693,6008,4475,3553,09212.27.74.51.645.6
2001701,3008,1674,8273,34011.66.94.81.574.9
2002709,1007,8835,1682,71511.17.33.81.494.7
2003717,8008,0885,2002,88811.37.24.01.514.1
2004727,5008,3095,2253,08411.47.24.21.523.5
2005738,1008,2435,4252,81811.27.33.81.484.6
2006750,3008,7315,1273,60411.66.84.81.523.1
2007766,4008,5755,3803,19511.27.04.21.443.1
2008785,7009,2055,1944,01111.76.65.11.483.5
2009807,1009,6085,1824,42611.96.45.51.483.3
2010827,7009,8015,1034,69811.86.25.71.443.2
2011849,0009,6225,5044,11811.3 6.5 4.91.353.1
2012863,90010,1615,6654,49611.86.65.21.393.5
2013861,9009,3415,1414,20010.86.04.91.301.6
2014853,2009,2585,4243,83410.96.44.51.312.1
2015843,1009,1705,8593,31110.96.93.91.322.7
2016849,8009,4555,4713,98411.16.44.71.372.6
2017860,2009,2295,9963,23310.77.03.81.321.3
2018870,8009,3295,7683,56110.76.64.11.322.4
2019880,6009,5486,2393,30910.87.13.81.332.6
2020896,0009,8606,3813,47911.07.13.91.362.1
2021904,70010,3097,2023,10711.27.93.3 1.392.7
2022920,70010,1517,2552,89611.07.9 3.1

Current vital statistics

[14] [15]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - June 20224,6673,819+848
January - June 20234,8493,516+1,333
Difference +182 (+3.90%) -303 (−7.93%) +485

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195566.71985–199076.1
1955–196070.41990–199576.9
1960–196571.91995–200077.7
1965–197073.12000–200578.3
1970–197574.32005–201079.0
1975–198075.32010–201579.9
1980–198576.1
Source: UN World Population Prospects[16]

Structure of the population

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total408 780431 627840 407100
0-423 06121 95445 0155.36
5-921 92120 71442 6355.07
10-1424 17923 11947 2985.63
15-1928 68327 13555 8186.64
20-2433 89132 18266 0737.86
25-2936 99237 12274 1148.82
30-3433 14936 68569 8348.31
35-3927 75434 10861 8627.36
40-4427 03132 69759 7287.11
45-4927 05930 18157 2406.81
50-5427 51728 61156 1286.68
55-5923 77123 99147 7625.68
60-6422 05722 97745 0345.36
65-6917 65618 67236 3284.32
70-7414 04415 38929 4333.50
75-799 64711 41121 0582.51
80+10 34214 60624 9482.97
unknown2673990.01
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-1469 16165 787134 94816.06
15-64287 904305 689593 59370.63
65+51 68960 078111 76713.30
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total437 650458 357 896 007100
0–424 39723 21547 6125.31
5–925 158 23 49448 6525.43
10–1424 346 23 09347 4395.29
15–1924 30023 88348 1835.38
20–2430 11331 92562 038 6.92
25–2936 72338 45275 1758.39
30–3437 16638 39375 5598.43
35–3933 89436 19670 0907.82
40–4428 98832 14261 130 6.82
45–4925 80127 73653 5375.98
50–5426 24927 42653 6755.99
55–5927 02327 72254 745 6.11
60–6425 117 25 75150 868 5.68
65-6921 93022 89744 8275.00
70-7419 07120 84739 9184.46
75-7912 85215 13927 9913.12
80-848 70811 19019 898 2.22
85-894 1016 29510 3961.16
90-941 3271 964 3 2910.37
95-993275078340.09
100+59901490.02
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1473 90169 802143 70316.04
15–64295 374309 626605 00067.52
65+68 37578 929147 30416.44

Historical population

Turkish Cypriots were the majority of the population registered for taxation between 1777 and 1800.[17] [18] However, it is likely that the Muslim population never exceeded 35-40 per cent of the total population of Cyprus. Rather, many Orthodox Christians registered as Muslims in order to reduce taxation from the government.[19]

Tax Registered Population of Cyprus by ethnicity 1777–1800
census yearGreeksTurksArmeniansMaronitesOthersTotal
%%%%%
177737,000 47,000 84,000
179047,500 67,000 114,500
179346,392 67,000 4,608 118,000
180030,524 67,000 97,524
Population of Cyprus according to ethnicity (1881–2011)
census yearGreeksTurksArmeniansMaronitesOthersTotal
%%%%%
1881[20] 137,631 45,458 174 830 1,738 186,173
1891158,585 47,926 280 1,131 1,364 209,286
1901182,739 51,309 517 1,130 1,327 237,022
1911214,480 56,428 558 1,073 1,569 274,108
1921244,887 61,339 1,197 1,350 1,942 310,715
1931276,572 64,238 3,377 1,704 2,068 347,959
1946361,199 80,548 3,686 2,083 2,598 450,114
1960442,363 104,333 3,630 2,752 20,488 573,566
2011[21] 659,115 1,128 1,831 3,656 1,460 667,398

In the census from 1881 to 1960, all Muslims are counted as Turks, only Greek Orthodox are counted as Greeks. There were small populations of Greek-speaking Muslims and Turkish-speaking Greek Orthodox.[22]

In total, between 1955 and 1973, 16,519 Turks and 71,036 Greeks emigrated from the country. Of the emigrated Turkish Cypriots in this period, only 290 went to Turkey.[23] In the 2011 census, 208 people stated their ethnic origin as being Latin.[21]

Fertility

In 2020, 39% of children born in Cyprus were to mothers of foreign origin, both from non-EU countries and from other EU member states.[24]

Immigration

See main article: Mainland Turks in Northern Cyprus. Large-scale demographic changes have been caused since 1964 by the movements of peoples across the island and the later influx of settlers from Turkey to northern Cyprus. According to the 2011 Census there are 170,383 non-citizens living in Cyprus, of whom 106,270 are EU citizens and 64,113 are from third countries. The largest EU groups by nationality are Greeks (29,321), Romanians (23,706) and Bulgarians (18,536). The largest non-EU groups are British (24,046), Filipinos (9,413), Russians (8,164), Sri Lankans (7,269) and Vietnamese (7,028).[25] There are an estimated 20–25,000 undocumented migrants from third countries also living in the Republic, though migrant rights groups dispute these figures.[26] The demographic changes in society have led to some racist incidents,[27] [28] [29] and the formation of the charity KISA in response.

The demographic character of northern Cyprus changed after the Turkish invasion in 1974 and especially during the last 10–15 years. TRNC census carried out in April 2006 showed that out of a total population of 256,644 in northern Cyprus, 132,635, or 52%, were Turkish Cypriots in the sense that they were born in Cyprus of at least one Cyprus-born parent (for 120,007 of these both parents were Cyprus-born). In addition, 43,062 so called TRNC citizens (17%) had at least one non-Cypriot Turkish-born parent, 2,334 so called TRNC citizens (1%) had parents born in other countries, 70,525 residents (27%) had Turkish citizenship, and 8,088 (3%) were citizens of other countries (mainly UK, Bulgaria, and Iran).[8]

Based on these census data, it is estimated that 113,687 northern Cyprus residents, or 44% of the population, are not Turkish Cypriots properly speaking, but are in fact "Turkish immigrants" or "Turkish settlers" from Anatolia. Alternative sources suggest that the Turkish Cypriots in northern Cyprus are today outnumbered by the Turkish settlers,[30] contrary to the picture presented by the 2006 so called TRNC census.

Settlement in northern Cyprus, especially if accompanied by naturalization, is in violation of article 49 of the Geneva Conventions Protocol of 1977, since the Turkish occupation has been declared illegal by the UN.[31] The UN General Assembly have stated the settlement of Turkish mainlanders, "constitute[s] a form of colonialism and attempt to change illegally the demographic structure of Cyprus".[5] The Republic of Cyprus considers these Turkish immigrants to be "illegal settlers" and does not include them in the population estimates for the entire island published by the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service.[32]

Emigration

See main article: British Cypriots, Cypriot American and Cypriot Australian.

Nationality group

See main article: Greek Cypriots, Turkish Cypriots, Armenian Cypriots, Maronite Cypriots and Lebanese Cypriots.

The national identities of the population of the area under the control of the Republic of Cyprus are:

Largest foreign nationalities (2011)
Ethnic group % Inhabitants
31,044
26,659
24,376
19,197
19,197
8,663
7,350
7,102
3,235
3,023
2,955
2,951
2,113
1,162
Other EU countries7,035
Other non-EU countries22,938

An influx of Israeli immigrants has been reported in the early 2020's, numbering 12,000 as of April 2024 according to Israeli estimates.

Languages

See main article: Languages of Cyprus. Greek and Turkish are the official languages according to Article 3 of the Constitution of Cyprus.[34] In Northern Cyprus, the official language is Turkish (Article 2 of the 1983 Constitution of Northern Cyprus).[35] English is widely spoken on the island.

Religion

See main article: Religion in Cyprus. The Greek Cypriot community adheres to the Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot community adheres to Islam. The religious groups of Armenians, Maronites and Latins (about 9,000 people in total) opted, in accordance with the 1960 constitution, to belong to the Greek Cypriot community.[6]

The 2011 census of the government-controlled area notes that 89.1% of the population follows Greek Orthodox Christianity, 2.9% are Roman Catholic, 2% are Protestants, 1.8% are Muslims and 1% are Buddhists; Maronite Catholics, Armenian Orthodox, Jewish, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Baha’is make up the remainder.[36] Cyprus is also the home of 6,000 Jewish people who have a Synagogue in Larnaca.

Education

Cyprus has a well-developed system of primary and secondary education. The majority of Cypriots earn their higher education at Greek, British, or American universities, while there are also sizeable emigrant communities in the United Kingdom and Australia. Private colleges and state-supported universities have been developed by both the Turkish and Greek communities.[37]

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[38]

The data in subsections Age structure through Divorce rate are for the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus government only. The estimates are for 2007 from the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Abstract 2007 (pp. 63–88)[32] unless indicated otherwise.

Age structure

0–14 years: 17.47% or 137,900 (70,700 males/67,200 females)

15–64 years: 70.07% or 553,100 (274,300 males/278,800 females)

65 years and over: 12.46% or 98,300 (44,600 males/53,700 females)

Population growth rate

1.4%[39]

Net migration rate

Total immigrants: 19,143

Total emigrants: 11,753

Net migration: +7,390

Net migration rate: 9.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.086 male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female

Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female

Marriage rates

Estimates for 2006Number of marriages:

Marriages of residents of Cyprus: 5,252

Total marriages (including tourists): 12,617

Marriage rates:

Residents of Cyprus: 6.8/1,000 population

Total marriages (including tourists): 16.4/1,000 population

Mean age at marriage:

Groom 33.7

Bride 30.5

Divorce rates

Total Divorces: 2,000

Divorce Rate: 2.27/1,000 population

Nationality

Noun: Cypriot(s)

Adjective: Cypriot

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2003 est.)

People living with HIV/AIDS: fewer than 1,000 (1999 est.); 518 cases reported between 1986 and 2006 (58% Cypriots, 42% foreigners/visitors);

Deaths: 85 reported between 1986 and 2006.[40]

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: Hatay. Mete. Is the Turkish Cypriot Population Shrinking? An Overview of the Ethno-Demography of Cyprus in the Light of the Preliminary Results of the 2006 Turkish-Cypriot Census. Hatay. Mete. Contents. Erol Uysal. 10.1.1.374.6154.
  2. Web site: Cyprus - Population. 2021-05-27. countrystudies.us.
  3. http://www.worldpress.org/profiles/cyprus.cfm Cyprus Facts
  4. Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus, DEMOGRAPHIC REPORT 2007 (p. 12)
  5. Web site: 1987/50 1987 — Permanent Mission of the Republic of Cyprus to the United Nations. 2021-05-28. www.cyprusun.org.
  6. http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/All/817E9279C04E4480C2257023002B858C?OpenDocument&a=4&z= Cyprus Government web portal: Towns and Population
  7. http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/732265957BAC953AC225798300406903?OpenDocument&sub=2&sel=1&e=&print Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011
  8. Web site: Archived copy . 2014-02-14 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130927104440/http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20son_.pdf . 2013-09-27 .
  9. http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_en/populationcondition_en?OpenDocument&sub=2&e= Statistical Service of Cyprus: Population and Social Statistics
  10. B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics. 1750–1975.
  11. Web site: Demographic Yearbook . 2023-05-10 . unstats.un.org.
  12. Web site: Statistical Service of Cyprus.
  13. Web site: Key figures.
  14. Web site: Live births (total) by month . Eurostat . 5 January 2024.
  15. Web site: Deaths (total) by month . Eurostat . 5 January 2024.
  16. Web site: World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations. 2017-07-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/. 2016-09-19. dead.
  17. https://archive.org/details/excerptacypriama00cobhuoft Claude Delaval Cobham
  18. http://cypruslibrary.moec.gov.cy/ebooks/36821 Archimandrite Kyprianos
  19. Web site: Archived copy . 2018-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160501065440/http://inalcik.com/images/pdfs/52721689STATUSOFGREEKORTHODOXPATRiARCH.pdf . 2016-05-01 . dead .
  20. Book: The Armenians of Cyprus. Alexander-Michael Hadjilyra . 21.
  21. Web site: Population - Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, Religion, Ethnic/Religious Group, 2011. 12 May 2018. 12 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211105/http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2. dead.
  22. A Handbook of Cyprus, Hutchinson, Joseph Turner, page 57, 1907
  23. Web site: Is the Turkish Cypriot population shrinking?: an overview of the ethno-demography of Cyprus in the light of the preliminary results of the 2006 Turkish-Cypriot census . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://file.prio.no/publication_files/Cyprus/Report%202007-2%20Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live . Mete . Hatay . International Peace Research Institute . 2007 . 64.
  24. Web site: In Italia non si fanno più figli, siamo terzultimi in Europa per indice di fertilità. 1 May 2022. europa.today.it.
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  27. Web site: "My girl thought she was going to die" . 11 March 2023.
  28. Web site: "Why the Republic of Cyprus is institutionally racist" . 11 March 2023.
  29. Web site: Teen says beaten and mocked by police in racist incident – Cyprus Mail . en-GB.
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  32. http://www.pio.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/5B26588F9EB90E4DC225753E003449AF/$file/ABSTRACT_2007.pdf?OpenElement Statistical Abstract of the Republic of Cyprus 2007
  33. Web site: Middle East :: CYPRUS. 14 December 2021. CIA The World Factbook.
  34. Web site: Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2024-06-18 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
  35. Web site: The Constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus . 2024-06-18 . www.cypnet.co.uk.
  36. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/cyprus US State Dept 2022 report
  37. Web site: Republic of Cyprus, Office of the Law Commissioner . The Private Universities Law (2005) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130120072354/http://www.ecpu.ac.cy/en/legislation/private_universities_law.pdf . 2013-01-20.
  38. Web site: CIA – The World Factbook – Cyprus. 20 May 2022.
  39. http://www.pio.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/FC5F3AB325D6BEEAC22574D7002DB767?OpenDocument&sub=1&e= Population of Cyprus: end of 2007
  40. http://www.euro.who.int/aids/ctryinfo/overview/20060118_10 Cyprus: Sexually transmitted infections/HIV/AIDS

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