Cynoglossum germanicum explained

Cynoglossum germanicum, the green houndstongue, is a flowering plant species, in the family Boraginaceae, which is native to Europe.

Description

Cynoglossum germanicum is a biennial or short-lived perennial herbaceous species, growing to a maximum height of 75cm.^[1]

It is similar to the closely related Cynoglossum officinale, however differs in having glabrous, shiny, light-green leaves and nutlets which are more convex outside and lack a thickened border.^[2] The typical habitats of the two species also differ strongly.

Habitat and distribution

It grows in woodland glades, among deciduous trees, and sometimes hedgerows. It requires warm and nitrogen-rich conditions.^[3] It is native to Europe. It has become extinct in Scotland, but persists in England, where it is rare.^{[4] [5] [6]}

Conservation

The IUCN has assessed the global conservation status of this species as critically endangered.^[7]

It was declining markedly in Britain before the Second World War, for unknown reasons, but benefited greatly from the Great Storm of 1987, which felled many trees and opened up Britain's woodlands.^[8]

Etymology

Cynoglossum comes from the Ancient Greek 'kunoglosson' for hound's or dog's tongue, a reference to the shape and roughness of the leaves.^[9] The species epithet germanicum means German, presumably the species was first identified in Germany.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora - Cynoglossum germanicum . 2019-07-09 . 2019-07-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190709080944/https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/cynoglossum-germanicum . dead .
2. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2260956?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Journal of Ecology - Cynoglossum officinale
3. Web site: Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora - Cynoglossum germanicum . 2019-07-09 . 2019-07-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190709080944/https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/cynoglossum-germanicum . dead .
4. https://bsbi.org/maps Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland - Distribution Maps
5. Web site: Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora - Cynoglossum germanicum . 2019-07-09 . 2019-07-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190709080944/https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/cynoglossum-germanicum . dead .
6. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/uk-species/species/cynoglossum_germanicum.html Natural History Museum London - Cynoglossum germanicum
7. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/uk-species/species/cynoglossum_germanicum.html Natural History Museum London - Cynoglossum germanicum
8. Web site: Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora - Cynoglossum germanicum . 2019-07-09 . 2019-07-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190709080944/https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/cynoglossum-germanicum . dead .
9. https://books.google.com/books?id=kvdHyFpUvnEC&dq=cynoglossum+tongue+etymology&pg=PA94 Pulmonarias and the Borage Family