Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 explained

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1, also known as CNGA1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.^[1] Heterologously expressed CNGA1 can form a functional channel that is permeable to calcium.^[2] In rod photoreceptors, however, CNGA1 forms a heterotetramer with CNGB1 in a 3:1 ratio.^{[3] [4] [5]} The addition of the CNGB1 channel imparts altered properties including more rapid channel kinetics and greater cAMP-activated current.^[6] When light hits rod photoreceptors, cGMP concentrations decrease causing rapid closure of CNGA1/B1 channels and, therefore, hyperpolarization of the membrane potential.

See also

• Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel

Further reading

• Hofmann F, Biel M, Kaupp UB . International Union of Pharmacology. LI. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels . Pharmacological Reviews . 57 . 4 . 455–62 . December 2005 . 16382102 . 10.1124/pr.57.4.8 . 45853869 .
• Pittler SJ, Lee AK, Altherr MR, Howard TA, Seldin MF, Hurwitz RL, Wasmuth JJ, Baehr W . Primary structure and chromosomal localization of human and mouse rod photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 267 . 9 . 6257–62 . March 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42689-0 . 1372902 . free .
• Arsenault TV, Sauder DN, Harley CB, McKenzie RC . Identification and characterization of a partial cDNA expressing interleukin-1-like activity in keratinocytes . Molecular Immunology . 29 . 3 . 431–8 . March 1992 . 1372959 . 10.1016/0161-5890(92)90031-R .
• Dhallan RS, Macke JP, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Reed RR, Yau KW, Nathans J . Human rod photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel: amino acid sequence, gene structure, and functional expression . The Journal of Neuroscience . 12 . 8 . 3248–56 . August 1992 . 1379636 . 6575660 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-08-03248.1992.
• Dryja TP, Finn JT, Peng YW, McGee TL, Berson EL, Yau KW . Mutations in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the rod cGMP-gated channel in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 92 . 22 . 10177–81 . October 1995 . 7479749 . 40759 . 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10177 . 1995PNAS...9210177D . free .
• Distler M, Biel M, Flockerzi V, Hofmann F . Expression of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels in non-sensory tissues and cells . Neuropharmacology . 33 . 11 . 1275–82 . November 1994 . 7532814 . 10.1016/0028-3908(94)90027-2 . 35784152 .
• Griffin CA, Ding CL, Jabs EW, Hawkins AL, Li X, Levine MA . Human rod cGMP-gated cation channel gene maps to 4p12-->centromere by chromosomal in situ hybridization . Genomics . 16 . 1 . 302–3 . April 1993 . 7683629 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1187 . free .
• Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M, Bonaldo MF, Chiapelli B, Chissoe S, Dietrich N, DuBuque T, Favello A, Gish W, Hawkins M, Hultman M, Kucaba T, Lacy M, Le M, Le N, Mardis E, Moore B, Morris M, Parsons J, Prange C, Rifkin L, Rohlfing T, Schellenberg K, Bento Soares M, Tan F, Thierry-Meg J, Trevaskis E, Underwood K, Wohldman P, Waterston R, Wilson R, Marra M . Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 807–28 . September 1996 . 8889549 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.807 . free .
• Paloma E, Martínez-Mir A, García-Sandoval B, Ayuso C, Vilageliu L, Gonzàlez-Duarte R, Balcells S . Novel homozygous mutation in the alpha subunit of the rod cGMP gated channel (CNGA1) in two Spanish sibs affected with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa . Journal of Medical Genetics . 39 . 10 . 66e–66 . October 2002 . 12362048 . 1734976 . 10.1136/jmg.39.10.e66 .
• Cheng CH, Yew DT, Kwan HY, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Liu Y, Chan WY, Yao X . An endogenous RNA transcript antisense to CNG(alpha)1 cation channel mRNA . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 13 . 10 . 3696–705 . October 2002 . 12388767 . 129976 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0127 .
• Zhong H, Molday LL, Molday RS, Yau KW . The heteromeric cyclic nucleotide-gated channel adopts a 3A:1B stoichiometry . Nature . 420 . 6912 . 193–8 . November 2002 . 12432397 . 2877395 . 10.1038/nature01201 . 2002Natur.420..193Z .
• Zheng J, Trudeau MC, Zagotta WN . Rod cyclic nucleotide-gated channels have a stoichiometry of three CNGA1 subunits and one CNGB1 subunit . Neuron . 36 . 5 . 891–6 . December 2002 . 12467592 . 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01099-1 . 15365006 . free .
• Kang K, Bauer PJ, Kinjo TG, Szerencsei RT, Bönigk W, Winkfein RJ, Schnetkamp PP . Assembly of retinal rod or cone Na(+)/Ca(2+)-K(+) exchanger oligomers with cGMP-gated channel subunits as probed with heterologously expressed cDNAs . Biochemistry . 42 . 15 . 4593–600 . April 2003 . 12693957 . 10.1021/bi027276z .
• Zhang Q, Zulfiqar F, Riazuddin SA, Xiao X, Ahmad Z, Riazuddin S, Hejtmancik JF . Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in a Pakistani family mapped to CNGA1 with identification of a novel mutation . Molecular Vision . 10 . 884–9 . November 2004 . 15570217 .
• Shi F, Perez E, Wang T, Peitz B, Lapolt PS . Stage- and cell-specific expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha and beta subunits, cGMP-dependent protein kinase I alpha and beta, and cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit 1 in the rat testis . Journal of Andrology . 26 . 2 . 258–63 . 2005 . 15713832 . 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2005.tb01093.x. free .

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: CNGA1 cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 1. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2016-08-02 .
2. Kaupp. U. Benjamin. Niidome. Tetsuhiro. Tanabe. Tsutomu. Terada. Shoichi. Bönigk. Wolfgang. Stühmer. Walter. Cook. Neil J.. Kangawa. Kenji. Matsuo. Hisayuki. December 1989. Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of the rod photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated channel. Nature. 342. 6251. 762–766. 10.1038/342762a0. 2481236. 0028-0836. 1989Natur.342..762K. 11858/00-001M-0000-002B-B7A4-3. 4254661. free.
3. Zheng. Jie. Trudeau. Matthew C.. Zagotta. William N.. December 2002. Rod Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels Have a Stoichiometry of Three CNGA1 Subunits and One CNGB1 Subunit. Neuron. 36. 5. 891–896. 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01099-1. 12467592. 15365006. 0896-6273. free.
4. Zhong. Haining. Molday. Laurie L.. Molday. Robert S.. Yau. King-Wai. November 2002. The heteromeric cyclic nucleotide-gated channel adopts a 3A:1B stoichiometry. Nature. 420. 6912. 193–198. 10.1038/nature01201. 12432397. 0028-0836. 2877395. 2002Natur.420..193Z.
5. Weitz. Dietmar. Ficek. Nicole. Kremmer. Elisabeth. Bauer. Paul J.. Kaupp. U.Benjamin. December 2002. Subunit Stoichiometry of the CNG Channel of Rod Photoreceptors. Neuron. 36. 5. 881–889. 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01098-x. 12467591. 17176092. 0896-6273. free.
6. Chen. T.-Y.. Peng. Y.-W.. Dhallan. R. S.. Ahamed. B.. Reed. R. R.. Yau. K.-W.. April 1993. A new subunit of the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel in retinal rods. Nature. 362. 6422. 764–767. 10.1038/362764a0. 7682292. 0028-0836. 1993Natur.362..764C. 4350775.