Cyamemazine Explained
Cyamemazine (Tercian), also known as cyamepromazine, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine class which was introduced by Theraplix in France in 1972 and later in Portugal as well.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Medical use
It is used for the treatment of schizophrenia and, especially, for psychosis-associated anxiety, due to its unique anxiolytic efficacy.[5] [6]
It is also used to reduce anxiety associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome and anxiety in depression with suicidal tendency.[7]
Side effects
Here are some of the most common side effects and related incidence:[8]
Mechanism
Cyamemazine differs from other phenothiazine neuroleptics in that aside from the usual profile of dopamine, α1-adrenergic, H1, and mACh receptor antagonism,[9] it additionally produces potent blockade of several serotonin receptors, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7.[9] [10] [11] [12] These actions have been implicated in cyamemazine's anxiolytic effects (5-HT2C) and lack of extrapyramidal side effects (5-HT2A),[9] [10] and despite being classified as a typical antipsychotic, it actually behaves like an atypical antipsychotic.[13]
| Site | Ki (nM) | Species | Ref |
|---|
| H1 | 9.3 | Guinea pig | [14] |
| H2 | 351 | Guinea pig | |
| H3 | >10,000 | Rat | |
| M1 | 13 | Human | |
| M2 | 42 | Human | |
| M3 | 32 | Human | |
| M4 | 12 | Human | |
| M5 | 35 | Human | |
| 5-HT1A | 517 | Human | |
| 5-HT2A | 1.5 | Human | |
| 5-HT2C | 12 | Human | |
| 5-HT3 | 2,943 | Human | |
| 5-HT7 | 22 | Human | |
| D1 | 3.8 | Human | |
| D2 | 5.8 | Human | |
| D3 | 2.5 | Human | |
| D4 | 5.3 | Human | |
| α1 | 2.3 | Rat | |
| α2 | 1320 | Rat | |
| GABAA | >10,000 | Rat | |
| GABAB | >10,000 | Rat | |
| Values are Ki (nM). The smaller the value,the more strongly the drug binds to the site. | |
Synthesis
2-Cyanophenothiazine [38642-74-9] (1)3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl(dimethyl)amine [23349-86-2] (2)
Notes and References
- Book: Index Nominum, International Drug . Taylor & Francis . 978-3-88763-075-1 . 2000 .
- Book: Triggle DJ . Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents . Chapman & Hall/CRC . Boca Raton . 1996 . 534 . 0-412-46630-9 .
- Book: Pharmaceutical manufacturing ... - Google Books . 9780815511441 . Sittig M . January 1988 . Noyes Publications .
- Bret P, Bret MC, Queuille E . [Prescribing patterns of antipsychotics in 13 French psychiatric hospitals] ]. fr . L'Encephale . 35 . 2 . 129–138 . April 2009 . 19393381 . 10.1016/j.encep.2008.03.007 . dead . https://archive.today/20130213173522/http://www.masson.fr/masson/S0013-7006(08)00103-6 . 2013-02-13 .
- Book: http://stahlonline.cambridge.org/prescribers_drug.jsf?page=0521683505c20_p115-120.html.therapeutics&name=Cyamemazine . Cyamemazine . Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology . Cambridge University Press .
- Bourin M, Claude Colombel M, Dib M, Hascoët M . Cyamemazine as an anxiolytic drug on the elevated plus maze and light/dark paradigm in mice . Behavioural Brain Research . 124 . 1 . 87–95 . September 2001 . 11423169 . 10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00238-8 . 43312295 .
- Benyamina A, Naassila M, Bourin M . Potential role of cortical 5-HT(2A) receptors in the anxiolytic action of cyamemazine in benzodiazepine withdrawal . Psychiatry Research . 198 . 2 . 307–312 . July 2012 . 22421069 . 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.009 . Elsevier BV . 34830082 .
- Bourin M, Dailly E, Hascöet M . Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of cyamemazine: anxiolytic effects and prevention of alcohol and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome . CNS Drug Reviews . 10 . 3 . 219–229 . 2006-06-07 . 15492772 . 6741725 . 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00023.x . Wiley .
- Hameg A, Bayle F, Nuss P, Dupuis P, Garay RP, Dib M . Affinity of cyamemazine, an anxiolytic antipsychotic drug, for human recombinant dopamine vs. serotonin receptor subtypes . Biochemical Pharmacology . 65 . 3 . 435–440 . February 2003 . 12527336 . 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01515-0 .
- Alvarez-Guerra M, d'Alché-Birée F, Wolf WA, Vargas F, Dib M, Garay RP . 5-HT3- and 5-HT2C-antagonist properties of cyamemazine: significance for its clinical anxiolytic activity . Psychopharmacology . 147 . 4 . 412–417 . January 2000 . 10672635 . 10.1007/s002130050010 . 2010-02-11 . dead . 25162849 . https://web.archive.org/web/20020112021448/http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00213/bibs/0147004/01470412.htm . 2002-01-12 .
- Alvarez-Guerra M, Hameg A, Bayle F, Dib M, Garay RP . 5-HT2A receptor antagonist properties of cyamemazine in rat and guinea pig smooth muscle . European Journal of Pharmacology . 454 . 2–3 . 235–239 . November 2002 . 12421652 . 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02489-5 .
- Benyamina A, Arbus C, Nuss P, Garay RP, Neliat G, Hameg A . Affinity of cyamemazine metabolites for serotonin, histamine and dopamine receptor subtypes . European Journal of Pharmacology . 578 . 2–3 . 142–147 . January 2008 . 17936750 . 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.09.025 .
- Peinado J, Hameg A, Garay RP, Bayle F, Nuss P, Dib M . Reduction of extracellular dopamine and metabolite concentrations in rat striatum by low doses of acute cyamemazine . Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology . 367 . 2 . 134–139 . February 2003 . 12595954 . 10.1007/s00210-002-0665-4 . 682064 .
- Hameg A, Bayle F, Nuss P, Dupuis P, Garay RP, Dib M . Affinity of cyamemazine, an anxiolytic antipsychotic drug, for human recombinant dopamine vs. serotonin receptor subtypes . Biochemical Pharmacology . 65 . 3 . 435–440 . February 2003 . 12527336 . 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01515-0 .
