| Cuzco Quechua | |
| Nativename: | Qosqo runasimi |
| States: | Peru |
| Speakers: | million |
| Date: | 1989–2002 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Fam1: | Quechuan |
| Fam2: | Quechua II |
| Fam3: | Southern Quechua |
| Lc1: | quz |
| Ld1: | Cusco |
| Lc2: | qve |
| Ld2: | Eastern Apurímac |
| Glotto: | cusc1236 |
| Glottoname: | Cusco |
| Glottorefname: | Cusco Quechua |
| Glotto2: | east2551 |
| Glottoname2: | Eastern Apurímac |
| Glottorefname2: | Eastern Apurímac Quechua |
Cuzco Quechua (Quechua: Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru.
It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet.[1] On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.[2]
There is debate about whether Cuzco Quechua has five or three vowel phonemes: .[3] While historically Proto-Quechua clearly had just three vowel phonemes /*a, *ɪ, *ʊ/, and although some other Quechua varieties have an increased number of vowels as a result of phonological vowel length emergence or of monophthongization, the current debate about the Cuzco variety seems to be not phonological in matter but just orthographic.[4]
| Phoneme | IPA Phonetic realizations | 3-vowel alphabet | 5-vowel alphabet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronounced as //a// | pronounced as /[æ, a, ɑ]/ | a | a | |
| pronounced as //ɪ// | pronounced as /[i, ɪ, e, ɛ]/ | i | i [i, ɪ], e [e, ɛ] | |
| pronounced as //ʊ// | pronounced as /[u, ʊ, o, ɔ]/ | u | u [u, ʊ], o [o, ɔ] |
| [5] | Cuzco Quechua | Northern Quechua | Ancash Quechua | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1º | noqa/ñoqa | Quechua: ñuka | Quechua: nuqa | I | |
| 2º | qan | Quechua: kan | Quechua: qam | you | |
| 3º | pay | Quechua: pay | Quechua: pay | he, she, it | |
| 4º | noqanchis/ñoqanchis | Quechua: ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash) | Quechua: nuqantsik | we (inclusive) | |
| 5º | noqayku/ñoqayku | Quechua: ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin) | Quechua: nuqakuna | we (exclusive) | |
| 6º | qankuna | Quechua: qamkuna | Quechua: qamkuna | you (plural) | |
| 7º | paykuna | Quechua: paykuna | Quechua: paykuna | they |
| Suffix indicating number | Plural | -kuna | wasi'''kuna''' | houses |
| Possessive suffix | 1st person singular | -y | wasi'''y''' | my house |
| 2nd person singular | -yki | wasi'''yki''' | your house | |
| 3rd person singular | -n | wasi'''n''' | his/her/its house | |
| 1st person plural (incl.) | -nchis | wasi'''nchis''' | our house (incl.) | |
| 1st person plural (excl.) | -y-ku | wasi'''yku''' | our house (excl.) | |
| 2nd person plural | -yki-chis | wasi'''ykichis''' | your (pl.) house | |
| 3rd person plural | -n-ku | wasi'''nku''' | their house | |
| Suffixes indicating case | nominative | – | wasi | the house (subj.) |
| accusative | -(k)ta | wasi'''ta''' | the house (obj.) | |
| instrumental | -wan | wasi'''wan''' | with the house, and the house | |
| abessive | -naq | wasi'''naq''' | without the house | |
| dative | -paq | wasi'''paq''' | to the house | |
| genitive | -q/-pa | wasi'''q''' | of the house | |
| causative | -rayku | wasi'''rayku''' | because of the house | |
| benefactive | -paq | wasi'''paq''' | for the house | |
| locative | -pi | wasi'''pi''' | at the house | |
| directional | -man | wasi'''man''' | towards the house | |
| inclusive | -piwan, puwan | wasi'''piwan''', wasi'''puwan''' | including the house | |
| terminative | -kama, -yaq | wasi'''kama''', wasi'''yaq''' | up to the house | |
| transitive | -(rin)ta | wasi'''nta''' | through the house | |
| ablative | -manta, -piqta | wasi'''manta''', wasi'''piqta''' | off/from the house | |
| comitative | -(ni)ntin | wasi'''ntin''' | along with the house | |
| immediate | -raq | wasi'''raq''' | first the house | |
| intrative | -pura | wasi'''pura''' | among the houses | |
| exclusive | -lla(n) | wasi'''lla(n)''' | only the house | |
| comparative | -naw, -hina | wasi'''naw''', wasi'''hina''' | like the house |