Cuthona Explained

Cuthona is a genus of nudibranch in the family Cuthonidae.^[1]

Ecology

Cuthona species feed on hydroids, and have uniseriate radulae with polydentate radular teeth.^[2]

Taxonomic history

The type species of Cuthona is Cuthona nana, (Alder & Hancock, 1842). Some authorities consider the genera Catriona and Trinchesia to be synonymous with Cuthona. Most Cuthona species were transferred to other genera as a result of DNA phylogeny studies in 2016 and 2017.^{[3] [4]}

Species

Species in the genus Cuthona include:^[1]

• Cuthona divae (Er. Marcus, 1961)
• Cuthona methana Valdés, Lundsten & N. G. Wilson, 2018
• Cuthona nana (Alder & Hancock, 1842)
• Cuthona hermitophila Martynov, Sanamyan & Korshunova, 2015

Species brought into synonymy:

• Cuthona abronia (MacFarland, 1966): synonym of Abronica abronia
• Cuthona abyssicola (Bergh, 1884): synonym of Cuthonella abyssicola Bergh, 1884
• Cuthona acinosa (Risbec, 1928): synonym of Tenellia acinosa
• Cuthona akibai Baba, 1984: synonym of Tenellia akibai
• Cuthona albocrusta (MacFarland, 1966): synonym of Tenellia albocrusta
• Cuthona albopunctata (Schmekel, 1968): synonym of Tenellia albopunctata
• Cuthona alpha Baba & Hamatani, 1963: synonym of Tenellia alpha (Baba & Hamatani, 1963)
• Cuthona amoena (Alder & Hancock, 1845): synonym of Rubramoena amoena
• Cuthona antarctica (Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886): synonym of Tenellia antarctica
• Cuthona anulata (Baba, 1949): synonym of Tenellia anulata
• Cuthona barbadiana Edmunds & Just, 1983: synonym of Tenellia barbadiana
• Cuthona behrensi Hermosillo & Valdés, 2007: synonym of Tenellia behrensi
• Cuthona berghi (Friele, 1902): synonym of Cuthonella berghi
• Cuthona beta (Baba & Abe, 1964): synonym of Tenellia beta
• Cuthona bractea Burn, 1962: synonym of Tularia bractea (Burn, 1962)
• Cuthona caerulea (Montagu, 1804) synonym of Trinchesia caerulea
• Cuthona claviformis Vicente, 1974: synonym of Tenellia claviformis
• Cuthona cocoachroma Williams & Gosliner, 1979: synonym of Cuthonella cocoachroma
• Cuthona columbiana (O'Donoghue, 1922): synonym of Tenellia columbiana
• Cuthona concinna (Alder & Hancock, 1843): synonym of Cuthonella concinna
• Cuthona correai Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002: synonym of Tenellia correai
• Cuthona crinita Minichev, 1972: synonym of Tenellia crinita
• Cuthona destinyae Hermosillo & Valdés, 2007: synonym of Tenellia destinyae
• Cuthona diminutiva Gosliner, 1980: synonym of Tenellia diminutiva
• Cuthona distans Odhner, 1922: synonym of Tenellia distans
• Cuthona diversicolor Baba, 1975: synonym of Tenellia diversicolor
• Cuthona elenae (Martynov, 2000): synonym of Cuthonella elenae
• Cuthona elioti Odhner, 1944: synonym of Cuthonella elioti
• Cuthona ferruginea (Friele, 1902): synonym of Cuthonella ferruginea
• Cuthona fidenciae (Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 1999): synonym of Tenellia fidenciae
• Cuthona flavovulta (MacFarland, 1966): synonym of Tenellia flavovulta
• Cuthona foliata (Forbes & Goodsir, 1839): synonym of Tenellia foliata
• Cuthona fructuosa (Bergh, 1892): synonym of Tenellia fructuosa
• Cuthona fulgens (MacFarland, 1966): synonym of Tenellia fulgens
• Cuthona futairo Baba, 1963: synonym of Tenellia futairo
• Cuthona genovae (O'Donoghue, 1929): synonym of Tenellia genovae
• Cuthona georgiana (Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886): synonym of Tenellia georgiana
• Cuthona giarannae Valdés, Moran & Woods, 2012 : synonym of Tenellia giarannae^[5]
• Cuthona granosa (Schmekel, 1966): synonym of Tenellia granosa
• Cuthona gymnota (Couthouy, 1838): synonym of Tenellia gymnota
• Cuthona hamanni Behrens, 1987: synonym of Tenellia hamanni
• Cuthona henrici Eliot, 1916: synonym of Tenellia henrici
• Cuthona herrerai Ortea, Moro & Caballer, 2002: synonym of Tenellia herrerai
• Cuthona hiemalis Roginskaya, 1987: synonym of Cuthonella hiemalis (Roginskaya, 1987)
• Cuthona ilonae (Schmekel, 1968): synonym of Tenellia ilonae
• Cuthona iris Edmunds & Just, 1983: synonym of Tenellia iris
• Cuthona japonica Baba, 1937: synonym of Godiva japonica (Baba, 1937)
• Cuthona kanga (Edmunds, 1970): synonym of Tenellia kanga
• Cuthona kuiteri Rudman, 1981: synonym of Tenellia kuiteri
• Cuthona lagunae (O'Donoghue, 1926): synonym of Tenellia lagunae
• Cuthona leopardina (Vayssière, 1888): synonym of Tenellia leopardina
• Cuthona lizae Angulo-Campillo & Valdés, 2003: synonym of Tenellia lizae
• Cuthona longi Behrens, 1985: synonym of Tenellia longi
• Cuthona luciae Valdés, Medrano & Bhave, 2016: synonym of Tenellia luciae^[6]
• Cuthona macquariensis (Burn, 1973): synonym of Tenellia macquariensis
• Cuthona marisalbi Roginskaya, 1963: synonym of Cuthonella concinna (Alder & Hancock, 1843)
• Cuthona millenae Hermosillo & Valdés, 2007: synonym of Tenellia millenae
• Cuthona miniostriata (Schmekel, 1968): synonym of Tenellia miniostriata
• Cuthona modesta (Eliot, 1907): synonym of Cuthonella modesta
• Cuthona netsica (Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1960): synonym of Tenellia netsica
• Cuthona norvegica (Odhner, 1929): synonym of Cuthonella norvegica
• Cuthona ocellata (Schmekel, 1966): synonym of Tenellia ocellata
• Cuthona odhneri Er. Marcus, 1959: synonym of Tenellia odhneri
• Cuthona ornata Baba, 1937: synonym of Tenellia ornata
• Cuthona pallida (Eliot, 1906): synonym of Tenellia pallida
• Cuthona paucicirra Minichev, 1972: synonym of Tenellia paucicirra
• Cuthona perca (Er. Marcus, 1958): synonym of Tenellia perca
• Cuthona peregrina (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Cratena peregrina (Gmelin, 1791)
• Cuthona phoenix Gosliner, 1981: synonym of Tenellia phoenix
• Cuthona pinnifera (Baba, 1949): synonym of Tenellia pinnifera
• Cuthona poritophages Rudman, 1979: synonym of Tenellia poritophages
• Cuthona puellula (Baba, 1955): synonym of Tenellia puellula
• Cuthona pumilio Bergh, 1871: synonym of Tenellia pumilio
• Cuthona punicea Millen, 1986: synonym of Tenellia punicea
• Cuthona purpureoanulata (Baba, 1961): synonym of Abronica purpureoanulata
• Cuthona pusilla (Bergh, 1898): synonym of Tenellia pusilla
• Cuthona pustulata (Alder & Hancock, 1854): synonym of Tenellia pustulata
• Cuthona riosi Hermosillo & Valdés, 2008: synonym of Tenellia riosi
• Cuthona rolleri Gosliner & Behrens, 1988: synonym of Tenellia rolleri
• Cuthona rosea MacFarland, 1966: synonym of Cuthona divae (Marcus, 1961)
• Cuthona rubescens Picton & Brown, 1978: synonym of Rubramoena rubescens
• Cuthona rubra (Edmunds, 1964): synonym of Tenellia rubra
• Cuthona rutila (MacFarland, 1966 as Cratena rutila): synonym of Tenellia lagunae (O'Donoghue, 1926)
• Cuthona schraderi (Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886): synonym of Guyvalvoria paradoxa (Eliot, 1907) (nomen dubium)
• Cuthona scintillans Miller, 1977: synonym of Tenellia scintillans
• Cuthona sibogae (Bergh, 1905): synonym of Tenellia sibogae
• Cuthona spadix (MacFarland, 1966 as Cratena spadix): synonym of Tenellia columbiana (O'Donoghue, 1922)
• Cuthona speciosa (Macnae, 1954): synonym of Tenellia speciosa
• Cuthona stimpsoni A. E. Verrill, 1879: synonym of Flabellina salmonacea (Couthouy, 1838)
• Cuthona suecica (Odhner, 1940): synonym of Tenellia suecica
• Cuthona thompsoni Garcia, Lopez-Gonzalez & Garcia-Gomez, 1991: synonym of Tenellia thompsoni
• Cuthona tina (Er. Marcus, 1957): synonym of Tenellia tina
• Cuthona valentini (Eliot, 1907): synonym of Tenellia valentini
• Cuthona veronicae (A. E. Verrill, 1880): synonym of Tenellia veronicae
• Cuthona virens (MacFarland, 1966): synonym of Tenellia virens
• Cuthona viridis (Forbes, 1840): synonym of Tenellia viridis
• Cuthona willani Cervera, Garcia-Gomez & Lopez-Gonzalez, 1992: synonym of Tenellia willani
• Cuthona yamasui Hamatani, 1993: synonym of Tenellia yamasui
• Cuthona zelandica Odhner, 1924: synonym of Tenellia zelandica

References

• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp

Notes and References

1. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2014). Cuthona Alder & Hancock, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138543 on 2015-02-09
2. Gosliner. Terrence. A New Species of Tergipedid Nudibranch from the Coast of California. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1981. 47. 2. 200–205. https://archive.today/20150131191133/http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/2/200.extract. dead. 2015-01-31.
3. Cella, K; Carmona Barnosi, L.; Ekimova, I; Chichvarkhin, A; Schepetov, D; Gosliner, T. M. (2016). A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE. 11(12): e0167800.
4. Korshunova, T.; Martynov, A.; Picton, B. (2017). Ontogeny as an important part of integrative taxonomy in tergipedid aeolidaceans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) with a description of a new genus and species from the Barents Sea. Zootaxa. 4324(1): 1.
5. Valdés, Á.; Moran, A.L.; Woods, H.A. 2012: Revision of several poorly known Antarctic aeolid nudibranch species (Mollusca: Gastropoda), with the description of a new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92(5): 1161-1174.
6. Valdés A., Medrano S. & Bhave V. (2016). "A new species of Cuthona Alder and Hancock, 1855 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia: Tergipedidae) from the Caribbean Sea". The Nautilus 130(2): 72-78.