Curriculum for Wales (2022–present) explained

The Curriculum for Wales is the curriculum which is being introduced in state-funded education in Wales for pupils aged three to sixteen years. The curriculum's rollout began in 2022. As of September 2023, it is statutorily required for all pupils apart from those in school years 9, 10 and 11. The curriculum has been developed based on a report commissioned in 2014. Amongst other changes, it gives schools greater autonomy over what they teach children. Views on the curriculum have been varied.

History

In 2014, the Welsh Government commissioned Graham Donaldson, a professor at the University of Glasgow who had worked on reforms to education in Scotland, to conduct a report on reforming the curriculum in Wales.[1] The following year he recommended a variety of changes, including greater emphasis on computer skills, giving schools more control over what they taught and creating more of a sense of natural progression through school.[2] A few months later the Welsh Education Minister promised that the report would be implemented in full within eight years.[3] Although the curriculum was initially planned to begin being taught in 2021, it was later delayed until 2022.[4] [5]

The new system was planned to be introduced first for children in primary school and their first year of secondary school before being rolled out further as that age cohort progressed towards the end of their schooling, meaning that some students would still be using the old system until 2026. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic schools were allowed to delay teaching the new curriculum in the first and second years of secondary school until 2023.[6] The legal basis for the new curriculum was established with the Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Act 2021.[7]

Instruction

The curriculum applies to all learners aged from three to sixteen in maintained or funded non-maintained nursery education.[7] The new curriculum is designed to include more emphasis on skills, experiences and areas such as "digital skills, adaptability and creativity" as well as knowledge.[8] The curriculum groups education into six "Areas of Learning and Experience", with the intention of helping teachers draw links between subjects and teach topics in a broad way, though traditional subjects will still be taught.[9] Within a basic framework of goals and learning areas, it give schools freedom to develop their own curriculum to suit the needs of their pupils.[10] Instruction is grouped into six different areas:

The only specific subjects which all schools are obliged to teach are the English and Welsh languages along with:

Other changes include a greater emphasis on the history of Wales[13] [14] and ethnic minority groups,[15] which reports by Estyn in previous years suggested had often been poor,[16] and the removal of parents' right to opt out their children from sex education classes.[17]

Assessment and progression

One of Donaldson's initial recommendations for the new curriculum was that school should be made into more of a single "journey" for a child, rather than the way he argued pupils and teachers had previously seen the process as a series of shorter chunks. This could include, for instance, more cooperation between primary and secondary schools.[18] The key stages into which a child's time at school were previously broken are replaced with "progression steps" with guidance of what level pupils are expected to reach at different ages. These take place at age five, eight, eleven, fourteen and sixteen years old.[19] The standardised literary and numeracy tests which seven- to fourteen-year-old children had taken annually since 2013 were replaced in 2021 with personalised online assessments.[20]

GCSEs

GCSE-aged students will be enrolled on the new curriculum in 2025 and 2026. The intention is that school-leaving exams will be reformed to reflect the new structure.[21] Multiple qualifications in English, maths and science will be merged into one for each subject. New GCSEs will be created in subjects such as "engineering and manufacturing" and "film and digital media".[22]

Response

Surveys of teachers suggested that they broadly supported the changes being introduced. Journalists from the news website Wales Online spoke in 2022 to teachers and students at Crickhowell High School which had been using the new curriculum for several years. The children interviewed felt that the way the curriculum linked subjects together made their studies feel more relevant to them and improved their understanding. The staff also praised the new structure. The headteacher said that in her view,[23] Terry Mackie, an expert in Welsh education, criticised the draft of the curriculum published in 2019 as being overly vague, excessively focused on cultural issues and based on little research. He also noted the negative effect a similar curriculum introduced in Scotland had on results.[24] There were also concerns that grouping subjects into faculties could lead to a "dumbing down" of instruction and suggestions that the requirement for schools to develop their own curriculum was an unhelpful distraction.[25] Many teachers and schools believed that they were inadequately prepared to implement the new curriculum, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The parents' group Public Child Protection Wales took legal action against the Welsh government over plans to make sex education compulsory at schools arguing that parents were being "denied their time-honoured right" to choose whether their children were taught the subject.[26] Their attempt to have the introduction of the new relationships and sex (RSE) curriculum temporarily stopped until the completion of a judicial review into the subject was declined by High Court Justice Tipples on the grounds that "there is nothing in the claimants' evidence that any of the three children to whom RSE will be taught in the 2022/23 academic year will suffer any harm, yet alone any irreparable harm".[27] The group lost the judicial review on the new curriculum, which they saw as biased, with Justice Steyn stating that "teaching should be neutral from a religious perspective, but it is not required to be value neutral".[28]

See also

Other UK curricula

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 2014-03-12 . School curriculum and assessment review to be led by Graham Donaldson . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-03 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804010134/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-26544436 . live .
  2. News: 2015-02-25 . Radical national curriculum overhaul proposed in Wales . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-04 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804010130/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-31606122 . live .
  3. News: 2015-06-10 . School shake-up within eight years, says education minister . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-04 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804010131/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-33087859 . live .
  4. News: 2015-10-22 . New curriculum set to be taught from 2021, says education minister . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-04 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804010135/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-34603785 . live .
  5. News: 2017-09-26 . New Wales school curriculum overhaul delayed a year . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-04 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804010133/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-41387459 . live .
  6. News: 2021-07-06 . Schools: Mandatory secondary curriculum pushed back to 2023 . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-04 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804010522/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-57740377 . live .
  7. Web site: Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Bill: Overview . 2022-05-03 . GOV.WALES . en . 2022-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220503232742/https://gov.wales/curriculum-and-assessment-wales-bill-overview . live .
  8. News: 27 January 2022 . Four nations, four sets of problems: How England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland differ on education . en . . 2022-11-26 . 0140-0460 . In Wales a new curriculum is being introduced that aims to “prepare young people to thrive in a future where digital skills, adaptability and creativity, alongside knowledge, are crucial”..
  9. Web site: Education is changing . 2022-05-15 . GOV.WALES . en . 2022-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220503232744/https://gov.wales/education-changing . live .
  10. News: Lewis . Bethan . 2022-06-14 . Wales schools: New lessons 'exciting but a challenge' . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-06-14 . 2022-06-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220613235404/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61787090 . live .
  11. Web site: 14 February 2022 . A guide to the new Curriculum for Wales . Education Wales . 4 August 2022 . 18 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220218143731/https://hwb.gov.wales/api/storage/4e66c555-73aa-44ee-93e5-1e612906f1d2/220208-parents-carers.pdf . live .
  12. News: 2020-01-28 . School curriculum overhaul for Wales published . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-07-31 . 2022-05-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531205727/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-51267393 . live .
  13. Web site: 2021-11-22 . Welsh history to be 'mandatory' part of new curriculum says Plaid-Labour cooperation agreement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220821103709/https://nation.cymru/news/welsh-history-to-be-mandatory-part-of-new-curriculum-says-plaid-labour-cooperation-agreement/ . 2022-08-21 . 2022-05-03 . Nation.Cymru . en-GB.
  14. News: 2022-12-03 . Welsh curriculum: Wales history teaching skills gap, says adviser . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-06-15.
  15. Web site: 2021-03-19 . Every child in Wales to be taught about country's diverse history . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220908154618/https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2021-03-19/every-child-in-wales-to-be-taught-about-countrys-diverse-history-under-plans-to-tackle-racial-inequality . 2022-09-08 . 2022-09-18 . ITV News . en.
  16. Web site: The teaching of Welsh history including Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic history, identity and culture Estyn . 2022-05-03 . www.estyn.gov.wales . 2022-06-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220626062844/https://www.estyn.gov.wales/thematic-report/teaching-welsh-history-including-black-asian-and-minority-ethnic-history-identity . live .
  17. Web site: Colderick . Stephanie . 2022-04-25 . Parents take legal action against Welsh Government over compulsory sex education . 2022-05-15 . WalesOnline . en . 2022-05-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220520113352/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/wales-sex-education-plans-court-23776923 . live .
  18. News: Jones . Arwyn . 2015-02-25 . Analysis: What is proposed in Wales' curriculum change? . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-09-24.
  19. News: 2019-04-30 . Q&A: Draft school curriculum for Wales . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-07-31 . 2022-07-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220731205028/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-48098670 . live .
  20. Web site: Wightwick . Abbie . 2019-01-10 . Wales' National School Tests are being scrapped . 2022-08-04 . WalesOnline . en . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804170552/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/wales-national-school-tests-brought-15652084 . live .
  21. Web site: Wightwick . Abbie . 2021-03-09 . What parents and kids need to know about Wales' new curriculum bill . 2022-08-04 . WalesOnline . en . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804170556/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/curriculum-bill-wales-education-schools-20017499 . live .
  22. News: 2021-10-14 . GCSEs: New subjects launched as part of overhaul in Wales . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-04 . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804170552/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-58898196 . live .
  23. Web site: Wightwick . Abbie . 2022-06-05 . The massive changes to what pupils are taught and how coming in next term . 2022-08-13 . WalesOnline . en . 2022-08-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813214716/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/wales-education-news-exams-curriculum-23769446 . live .
  24. Web site: Mackie . Terry . 2019-05-17 . The New Curriculum planned for Wales is a shoddy edifice built on sand – and that's scary . 2022-08-13 . Nation.Cymru . en-GB . 2022-08-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813214716/https://nation.cymru/opinion/the-new-curriculum-planned-for-wales-is-a-shoddy-edifice-built-on-sand-and-thats-scary/ . live .
  25. Web site: Hearn . Elgan . 19 July 2022 . 'Let teachers teach' says councillor as school strategy unveiled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813214716/https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/local-hubs/mid-wales/2022/07/19/councillors-given-update-on-secondary-school-plans/ . 2022-08-13 . 2022-08-13 . Shropshire Star . en.
  26. Web site: Colderick . Stephanie . 2022-04-25 . Parents take legal action against Welsh Government over compulsory sex education . 2022-09-22 . WalesOnline . en . 2022-08-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220825221833/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/wales-sex-education-plans-court-23776923 . live .
  27. Web site: 2022-09-02 . Parents lose bid to stop new curriculum teaching about gender and sex . 2022-09-22 . ITV News . en . 2022-09-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920021714/https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2022-09-02/parents-lose-bid-to-stop-new-curriculum-teaching-about-gender-identity-and-sex . live .
  28. News: 2022-12-22 . Sex education: Parents lose legal challenge against curriculum . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-01-08.

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