Cuneiform (Unicode block) explained

Blockname:Cuneiform
Rangestart:12000
Rangeend:123FF
Script1:Cuneiform
Alphabets:Sumerian
Akkadian
Elamite
Hittite
Hurrian
5 0:879
7 0:42
8 0:1
Note:[1] [2]

In Unicode, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP):

The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium[3] show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCE, during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.

Character inventory and ordering

The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004.[4] The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civil, Rykle Borger (2003), and Robert Englund. Rather than opting for a direct ordering by glyph shape and complexity, according to the numbering of an existing catalogue, the Unicode order of glyphs was based on the Latin alphabetic order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration as a practical approximation.

Of the 907 signs listed by Borger (2003), some 200 have no encoding at a single code point. Conversely, a number of combinations considered reducible by Borger were assigned unique code points. These differences are due to the difficulty of establishing what represents a single character in cuneiform, and indeed most of Borger's items not encoded have straightforward etymological decomposition. There are still quite a number of universally recognized signs missing, and criticism has been voiced to the effect that the encoding "disregards an important part of the accumulated knowledge of generations of assyriologists about what actually function as single signs in normal texts, and are reflected in the traditional sign lists, most recently and comprehensively Borger's Mesopotamische Zeichenliste".[5] For example, there are signs written as ligatures of varying constituent signs, such as KURUM7 (Borger 2003 no. 729) that was written IGI.NÍG in early times, but later IGI.ERIM. Since there is no code point for KURUM7, the sign must be expressed as either IGI.NÍG (U+12146 U+1243C,) or IGI.ERIM (U+12146 U+1209F,) depending on the shape of the glyph, in violation of the basic principle of Unicode to encode characters, not glyphs. While those signs can in principle still be added by a "Cuneiform Extended" range in the future, as has been done for a number of other scripts ("Latin Extended" etc.), their absence as of Unicode 7.0 means that the standard's usability for the encoding of actual texts is limited.

Rather than opting for an ordering by glyph shape and complexity, the Unicode order of characters is the Latin alphabet order of their "main" Sumerian transliteration (placing signs on Š-, transliterated as SH-, between SAR and SI). In most (but not all) cases, the "etymological" decomposition of originally complex signs ("ligatures") has been chosen, even if the sign's most familiar value is another. For example, is better known as AMAŠ, is better known as ÁG, and is better known as ḪAR or ḪUR.

List of signs

See also: List of cuneiform signs.

The following table allows matching of Borger's 1981 and 2003 numbering with Unicode characters [6] The "primary" transliteration column has the glyphs' Sumerian values as given by the official glyph name, slightly modified here for legibility by including traditional assyriological symbols such as "x" rather than "TIMES". The exact Unicode names can be unambiguously recovered by prefixing, "CUNEIFORM [NUMERIC] SIGN", replacing "TIMES" for "x", "PLUS" for "+" and "OVER" for "/", "ASTERISK" for "*", "H" for "Ḫ", "SH" for "Š", and switching to uppercase.

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform

width=30pxSign !Code point "Primary" transliteration Borger
(2003) 		Borger
(1981) 		Comments
U+12000 A839 579 DU23
U+12001 A x A845 583 EDURU
http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/epsd/e179.html U+12002 A x BAD840 580 AGAM
U+12003 A x GAN2 tenû
U+12004 A x ḪA846 584; 587 ZAḪ3
U+12005 A x IGI844 581 ÍR
U+12006 A x LAGAR gunû843 582
U+12007 A x MUŠ842
U+12008 A x SAG841 585
U+12009 A2560 334 ED, ID
U+1200A AB223 128 ABBA, EŠ3
U+1200B AB x AŠ2227 128**,200a
U+1200C AB x DUN3 gunû
U+1200D AB x GAL228 194 IRIGAL
U+1200E AB x GAN2 tenû225 198
U+1200F AB x ḪA236 200 NINA
U+12010 AB x IGI gunû229 196
U+12011 AB x IMIN237
U+12012 AB x LAGAB234
U+12013 AB x ŠEŠ226 200c
U+12014 AB x U + U + U232 UNUG
U+12015 AB gunûÚNU, URUGAL2
U+12016 AB2672 420 LID
U+12017 AB2 x BALAG676 422 LILIZ
U+12018 AB2 x GAN2 tenû674 423 KIR6
U+12019 AB2 x ME + EN679 426
U+1201A AB2 x ŠA3677 424 LIBIŠ
U+1201B AB2 x TAK4673 420,8
U+1201C AD258 145 ADDA
U+1201D AK127 97 AG
U+1201E AK x ERIN2129 98 ME3
U+1201F AK x ŠITA + GIŠ128
http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/psl/html/brief/x071.html U+12020 AL474 298
U+12021 AL x AL478
U+12022 AL x DIM2480
U+12023 AL x GIŠ477 301
U+12024 AL x ḪA482 305
U+12025 AL x KAD3
U+12026 AL x KI481 303
U+12027 AL x ŠE348,479 205 IL
U+12028 AL x UŠ476 300
U+12029 ALAN573 358
U+1202A aleph635 397 late variant of AḪ; HZL nr. 332
U+1202B AMAR695 437 ZUR
U+1202C AMAR x ŠE696 438 SISKUR
U+1202D AN010 13
U+1202E AN / AN
U+1202F AN three timesMUL
U+12030 AN + NAGA opposing AN + NAGA
U+12031 AN + NAGA squaredDNAGA, DALḪAMUN
U+12032 ANŠE353 208 "donkey"
U+12033 APIN090 56 ÀBSIN, ENGAR
U+12034 ARAD0018 50 NITA2
U+12035 ARAD x KUR0019 51
U+12036 ARKAB859v NIG2.IB, ARGAB
U+12037 ASAL2
U+12038 AŠ001 001 also DIŠ, DILI, DIDLI (plural)
U+12039 AŠ ZIDA tenû575 209 DIŠ tenû, ĜE23
U+1203A AŠ KABA tenû647?
U+1203B AŠ / AŠ TUG2 / TUG2 TUG2 / TUG2 PAP
U+1203C AŠ / AŠ / AŠ505 325* EŠ16, "THREE", "3"
U+1203D AŠ / AŠ / AŠ crossing AŠ / AŠ / AŠ649 364/5,5-6 ŠUŠUR2
http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/psl/html/brief/x0c4.html U+1203E AŠ2548 339
U+1203F AŠGAB173 6
U+12040 BA014 005 BA.BA.ZA = "porridge"
http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/e3740.html U+12041 BAD113 69 BA9, MUD2
U+12042 BAG378
U+12043 BAḪAR2309
U+12044 BAL005 9
U+12045 BAL / BAL
U+12046 BALAG565 352 DUB2
https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%85%86_%F0%92%81%87 U+12047 BAR121 74
U+12048 BARA2554 344 BARAG
U+12049 BI358 214 BE2, BIZ, EBIR2, EPIR2, GAŠ, KA8, KAS2, KAṢ2, KAŠ, PE2, PI2, SA18, SIRIS4, SU15, ŠA21, ŠU13
U+1204A BI x A
U+1204B BI x GAR361 214c
U+1204C BI x IGI gunû
U+1204D BU580 371 GID2
U+1204E BU / BU AB582
U+1204F BU / BU UN
U+12050 BU crossing BU581
U+12051 BULUG169 60
U+12052 BULUG / BULUG
U+12053 BUR559 349 NIG2 gunû
U+12054 BUR2008 DU9
U+12055 DA561 335 DU20
U+12056 DAG438 280 PAR3
U+12057 DAG KISIM5 x A + MAŠ461 294b
U+12058 DAG KISIM5 x AMAR458 288
U+12059 DAG KISIM5 x BALAG457
U+1205A DAG KISIM5 x BI447 288
U+1205B DAG KISIM5 x GA455 291 UBUR
U+1205C DAG KISIM5 x GA + MAŠ
U+1205D DAG KISIM5 x GI444 284
U+1205E DAG KISIM5 x GIR2440 281a; 294e; 432,1 KIŠI8
U+1205F DAG KISIM5 x GUD452 289 UTUL5
U+12060 DAG KISIM5 x ḪA462 294d
U+12061 DAG KISIM5 x IR450 UBUR3
U+12062 DAG KISIM5 x IR + LU451 UBUR4
U+12063 DAG KISIM5 x KAK448 294f
U+12064 DAG KISIM5 x LA441 282
U+12065 DAG KISIM5 x LU459 UBUR2
U+12066 DAG KISIM5 x LU + MAŠ2460 293; 294 AMAŠ
U+12067 DAG KISIM5 x LUM463 294a
U+12068 DAG KISIM5 x NE446 286
U+12069 DAG KISIM5 x PAP + PAP
U+1206A DAG KISIM5 x SI445 285
U+1206B DAG KISIM5 x TAK4443 283
U+1206C DAG KISIM5 x U2 + GIR2453 290
U+1206D DAG KISIM5 x UŠ449 287 UTUA
U+1206E DAM889 557
U+1206F DAR183 114 GUN3, ḪUR gunû, SI gunû
U+12070 DARA3166 100 "ibex"
U+12071 DARA4817 540
U+12072 DI736 457 DE, SA2, SAL2, SI8, SILIM, SILIMA, SIM3, ŚA2, ŠA18, ŠAL5, ŠUB3, ŠUL3, TE10, TI4, ṬE, ṬI
U+12073 DIB813 537 DAB
U+12074 DIM167 94
U+12075 DIM x ŠE168 94 MUN
U+12076 DIM2686 440 DEM2, DIM2, DIN3, GE18, GEM, GEN7, GI18, GIMI, GIM, GIN7
U+12077 DIN119 465 DAN5, DEN, DINI, DUN2, GURUN8, KURUN2, TEN2, TIM3, TIN, ṬIN
U+12078 DIN KASKAL U gunû DIŠ
U+12079 DIŠ748; 749 480 NIGIDA, "ONE", "1"
U+1207A DU350 206 ED2, ED3, GUB, RA2, RE6, ŠA4
U+1207B DU / DU350 206a LAḪ4, RE7
U+1207C DU gunû351 201 GIR6, SUḪUŠ
U+1207D DU šešig352 202 GIR5, KAŠ4
U+1207E DUB242 138 KIŠIB3
U+1207F DUB x EŠ2
U+12080 DUB2
U+12081 DUG499 309 BI x A
U+12082 DUGUD704 445
U+12083 DUḪ298 167 GAB, DU8, TUḪ
U+12084 DUN744 467 ŠUL
U+12085 DUN3836 595 DU5, GÍN, TÙN
U+12086 DUN3 gunû
U+12087 DUN3 gunû gunûMIR
U+12088 DUN4557 348 DUL4, UR gunû šešig, MIR šešig
U+12089 DUR2808 DURU2, DURUN, TUKUL, TUŠ
U+1208A E498 308
U+1208B E x PAP
U+1208C E / E NUN / NUN
U+1208D E2495 324
U+1208E E2 x A + ḪA + DA
U+1208F E2 x GAR
U+12090 E2 x MI
U+12091 E2 x SAL
U+12092 E2 x ŠE
U+12093 E2 x U
U+12094 EDIN, E2 + DIM x EŠ300 170 EDEN
U+12095 EGIR356 209
U+12096 EL899 564 SIKIL
U+12097 EN164 99
U+12098 EN x GAN2165 54 BURU14
U+12099 EN x GAN2 tenû
U+1209A EN x ME164lig2
U+1209B EN crossing EN
U+1209C EN opposing EN
U+1209D EN squared
U+1209E EREN818 541
U+1209F ERIN2612; 613 393 ERIM, ZALAG2; PIRIG
http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/epsd/e2182.html U+120A0 EŠ2810; 811 536
U+120A1 EZEN271 152 IZIN, KEŠDA
U+120A2 EZEN x A288
U+120A3 EZEN x A + LAL289 159 SIL7
U+120A4 EZEN x A + LAL x LAL290 160 ASILAL4
U+120A5 EZEN x AN
U+120A6 EZEN x BAD275 152 UG5, UN3, BAD3
U+120A7 EZEN x DUN3 gunû287 162
U+120A8 EZEN x DUN3 gunû gunû
U+120A9 EZEN x ḪA291 161
U+120AA EZEN x ḪA gunû
U+120AB EZEN x IGI gunû
U+120AC EZEN x KASKAL277
U+120AD EZEN x KASKAL squared
U+120AE EZEN x KU3284 152
U+120AF EZEN x LA274 152
U+120B0 EZEN x LAL x LAL
U+120B1 EZEN x LI273 153
U+120B2 EZEN x LU286 157
U+120B3 EZEN x U2279
U+120B4 EZEN x UD283
U+120B5 GA491 319
U+120B6 GA gunû492
U+120B7 GA2387 233
U+120B8 GA2 x A + DA + ḪA428 273
U+120B9 GA2 x A + ḪA
U+120BA GA2 x A + IGI429 274
U+120BB GA2 x AB2 tenû + TAB423?
U+120BC GA2 x AN392 237 AMA
U+120BD GA2 x AŠ389 234
U+120BE GA2 x AŠ2 + GAL414 258
U+120BF GA2 x BAD395 242
U+120C0 GA2 x BAR + RA
U+120C1 GA2 x BUR
U+120C2 GA2 x BUR + RA415 259
U+120C3 GA2 x DA416 416
U+120C4 GA2 x DI425 268
U+120C5 GA2 x DIM x ŠE401 206
U+120C6 GA2 x DUB403 250
U+120C7 GA2 x EL
U+120C8 GA2 x EL + LA433 272
U+120C9 GA2 x EN399 247
U+120CA GA2 x EN x GAN2 tenû400 239 GA2 x BURU14
U+120CB GA2 x GAN2 tenû402 248
U+120CC GA2 x GAR431 278 GALGA
U+120CD GA2 x GI396 243
U+120CE GA2 x GI4412 256
U+120CF GA2 x GI4 + A
∂∂ U+120D0 GA2 x GIR2 + SU391 236
U+120D1 GA2 x ḪA + LU + EŠ2430 277
U+120D2 GA2 x ḪAL
U+120D3 GA2 x ḪAL + LA390 235
U+120D4 GA2 x ḪI + LI421 263
U+120D5 GA2 x ḪUB2398
U+120D6 GA2 x IGI gunû417 260
U+120D7 GA2 x IŠ + ḪU + AŠ406 250i
U+120D8 GA2 x KAK407 251
U+120D9 GA2 x KASKAL405 250d
U+120DA GA2 x KID394 241
U+120DB GA2 x KID + LAL409 251
U+120DC GA2 x KU3 + AN426 269
U+120DD GA2 x LA
U+120DE GA2 x ME + EN427 270 MEN
U+120DF GA2 x MI424 265 ITIMA
U+120E0 GA2 x NUN397 244 GANUN
U+120E1 GA2 x NUN / NUN411 255 UR3
U+120E2 GA2 x PA408 252; 257 GAZI, SILA4
U+120E3 GA2 x SAL432 271 ARḪUŠ
U+120E4 GA2 x SAR413 250b
U+120E5 GA2 x ŠE418 261 ESAG2
U+120E6 GA2 x ŠE + TUR419 261a; 272a
U+120E7 GA2 x ŠID410 252
U+120E8 GA2 x SUM404 250c
U+120E9 GA2 x TAK4394
U+120EA GA2 x U422 264
U+120EB GA2 x UD420 262
U+120EC GA2 x UD + DU
U+120ED GA2 / GA2
U+120EE GABA167
U+120EF GABA crossing GABA
U+120F0 GAD157 90
U+120F1 GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
U+120F2 GAL553 343
U+120F3 GAL GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
U+120F4 GALAM338 176k SUKUD
U+120F5 GAM576 362
U+120F6 GAN253 143 KAN, ḪE2, SAG7
U+120F7 GAN2174 105I
U+120F8 GAN2 tenû175 105 KAR2, ŠE3 tenû
U+120F9 GAN2 / GAN2174v
U+120FA GAN2 crossing GAN2174v
U+120FB GAR859 597 NINDA, NIG2, ĜAR
U+120FC GAR3543 333
U+120FD GAŠAN562; 563 350 U gunû
U+120FE GEŠTIN212 210
U+120FF GEŠTIN x KUR213
U+12100 GI141 85 GE, GIN7
U+12101 GI x E
U+12102 GI x U
U+12103 GI crossing GI105 67 GI16, GILIM
U+12104 GI4507 326 GE4
U+12105 GI4 / GI4508 326a GIGI
U+12106 GI4 crossing GI4508 326a GIGI
U+12107 GIDIM830 576
U+12108 GIR2006 10 ĜIRI2
U+12109 GIR2 gunû007 10
U+1210A GIR3701 444 PIRIĜ, ĜIRI3, GIRI3
U+1210B GIR3 x A + IGI703 421; 579,396
U+1210C GIR3 x GAN2 tenû675 423 GIRI16
U+1210D GIR3 x IGI
U+1210E GIR3 x LU + IGI702 537,129
U+1210F GIR3 x PA
U+12110 GISAL376 226
U+12111 GIŠ469 296 ĜEŠ, SAG3
U+12112 GIŠ crossing GIŠ469v
U+12113 GIŠ x BAD471
U+12114 GIŠ x TAK4
U+12115 GIŠ tenû470 296 GUR17
U+12116 GU891 559
U+12117 GU crossing GU892 569 SÙḪ
U+12118 GU2176 106
U+12119 GU2 x KAK178 DUR
U+1211A GU2 x KAK x IGI gunû
U+1211B GU2 x NUN
U+1211C GU2 x SAL + TUG2
U+1211D GU2 gunû509 327 USAN2
U+1211E GUD472 297 GU4 "cow"
U+1211F GUD x A + KUR
U+12120 GUD x KUR309 170 ADAR2, AM, AMA2, ILDAG3
U+12121 GUD / GUD LUGAL572 357 BIŠEBA3
U+12122 GUL682 429 SUN2
U+12123 GUM339 191 KUM
U+12124 GUM x ŠE340 192 GAZ, GAS
U+12125 GUR180 111
U+12126 GUR7819 542
U+12127 GURUN503 310
U+12128 GURUŠ322
U+12129 ḪA856 589 KU6
U+1212A ḪA tenû857 590 ZUBUD
U+1212B ḪA gunû558 346 GIR, PE
U+1212C ḪAL003 002 = AŠ.AŠ
U+1212D ḪI631 396 DU10, DUG3, DUB3
U+1212E ḪI x AŠ634 405 SUR3
CVC U+1212F ḪI x AŠ2644 401 ḪAR, ḪUR, HAR
U+12130 ḪI x BAD640; 595 406 DU15, KAM
U+12131 ḪI x DIŠ659 409e ŠÁR x DIŠ
U+12132 ḪI x GAD650 407 ŠÁR x GAD
U+12133 ḪI x KIN660 410
U+12134 ḪI x NUN636 398 AḪ, IḪ, UḪ, AH
U+12135 ḪI x ŠE643 400 BIR
U+12136 ḪI x U653; 688 409 ŠÁR x U; DÚBUR
U+12137 ḪU132 78
U+12138 ḪUB2149 88 TU11, TUN2
U+12139 ḪUB2 x AN
U+1213A ḪUB2 x ḪAL
U+1213B ḪUB2 x KASKAL
U+1213C ḪUB2 x LIŠ
U+1213D ḪUB2 x UD150 TU10
U+1213E ḪUL2877 550 HUL2
U+1213F I252 142
U+12140 I A
U+12141 IB807 535
U+12142 IDIM
U+12143 IDIM / IDIM BUR
U+12144 IDIM / IDIM squared
U+12145 IG136 80 IK, ĜAL2, GAL2
U+12146 IGI724 449 ŠI, LIM, GI8
U+12147 IGI DIB731 455 U3
U+12148 IGI RI726 451 AR
U+12149 IGI / IGI ŠIR / ŠIR UD / UD
U+1214A IGI gunû564 351 SIG7
U+1214B IL348 205
U+1214C IL x GAN2 tenû349
U+1214D IL2493 320
U+1214E IM641 399 EM, TUM9, tumu, TU15
U+1214F IM x TAK4642 399,51
U+12150 IM crossing IM641v 399* DALHAMUN6, MERMER3
U+12151 IM opposing IM641v
U+12152 IM squared641v 399**
U+12153 IMIN863 598c "7", "SEVEN"
U+12154 IN261 148
U+12155 IR437 232 GAG gunû, ER
U+12156 IŠ357 212
U+12157 KA024 15 INIM "word", GU3, ZU2, DUG4, DU11, KIR4, GIRI17
U+12158 KA x A064 35 NAĜ
U+12159 KA x AD
U+1215A KA x AD + KU3034 20
U+1215B KA x AŠ2046
U+1215C KA x BADUŠ11
U+1215D KA x BALAG047
U+1215E KA x BAR030
U+1215F KA x BI
U+12160 KA x ERIN2053 29*
U+12161 KA x EŠ2
U+12162 KA x GA044
U+12163 KA x GAL
U+12164 KA x GAN2 tenû033 19 PU3
U+12165 KA x GAR065 GU7
U+12166 KA x GAR + ŠA3 + A066
U+12167 KA x GI
U+12168 KA x GIR2025
U+12169 KA x GIŠ + SAR
U+1216A KA x GIŠ crossing GIŠ
U+1216B KA x GU069 34
U+1216C KA x GUR7063
U+1216D KA x IGI059
U+1216E KA x IM054 30 BUN2
U+1216F KA x KAK038
U+12170 KA x KI060
U+12171 KA x KID
U+12172 KA x LI026 16
U+12173 KA x LU
U+12174 KA x ME061 32 EME
U+12175 KA x ME + DU
U+12176 KA x ME + GI
U+12177 KA x ME + TE
U+12178 KA x MI057
U+12179 KA x MI + NUNUZ
U+1217A KA x NE035
U+1217B KA x NUN031 18 NUNDUM
U+1217C KA x PI052
U+1217D KA x RU028
U+1217E KA x SA032 18* SU6
U+1217F KA x SAR045 MU11
U+12180 KA x ŠA048
U+12181 KA x ŠE050
U+12182 KA x ŠID042
U+12183 KA x ŠU049
033 		19
26 		ŠÚDU, PÚ
U+12184 KA x SIG068
U+12185 KA x SUḪUR
U+12186 KA x TAR
U+12187 KA x U056
U+12188 KA x U2043
U+12189 KA x UD051
U+1218A KA x UMUM x PA
U+1218B KA x UŠ039
U+1218C KA x ZI
U+1218D KA2222 133
U+1218E KA2 crossing KA2
U+1218F KAB148 88 GAB2
U+12190 KAD2108 63a
U+12191 KAD3109 63c
U+12192 KAD4568 354b
U+12193 KAD5569 354b
U+12194 KAD5 / KAD5
U+12195 KAK379 230 GAG, DU3, RU2
U+12196 KAK x IGI gunû
U+12197 KAL496 322 ALAD2,KALAG
U+12198 KAL x BAD497 323 ALAD
U+12199 KAL crossing KAL
U+1219A KAM2595
U+1219B KAM4097
U+1219C KASKAL302 166
U+1219D KASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U307v ŠUBTU6
U+1219E KASKAL / KASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U307v ŠUBTU7
U+1219F KEŠ2152
U+121A0 KI737 461 GAN from GANBA(market)
U+121A1 KI x BAD738
U+121A2 KI x U740 462
U+121A3 KI x UD739 463
U+121A4 KID484 313 LÍL2, GÉ, KE4
U+121A5 KIN815 538 SAGA11
U+121A6 KISAL435 249
U+121A7 KIŠ678 425
U+121A8 KISIM5687 404*,1
U+121A9 KISIM5 / KISIM5687v
U+121AA KU808 536 DÚR, TUKUL, TUŠ
U+121AB KU / ḪI x AŠ2 KU / ḪI x ÁŠ
U+121AC KU3745 468 KUG
U+121AD KU4087 58 KUR9 (See also: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%8B%BD )
U+121AE KU4 variant form
U+121AF KU7171 110
U+121B0 KUL117 72 NUMUN
U+121B1 KUL gunû
U+121B2 KUN131 77
U+121B3 KUR578 366 GIN3, KURThe underworld
U+121B4 KUR opposing KURLAHMU
U+121B5 KUŠU2896 562
U+121B6 KWU318
U+121B7 LA089 55
U+121B8 LAGAB755 483 NIGIN2, GUR4
U+121B9 LAGAB x A795 522 AMBAR, BUGIN, BUNIN, SUG
U+121BA LAGAB x A + DA + ḪA797 523*; 524
U+121BB LAGAB x A + GAR799 526
U+121BC LAGAB x A + LAL798
U+121BD LAGAB x AL773 498
U+121BE LAGAB x AN758
U+121BF LAGAB x AŠ ZIDA tenû778 486,1; 504
U+121C0 LAGAB x BAD760 486 GIGIR
U+121C1 LAGAB x BI769 496
U+121C2 LAGAB x DAR765 489
U+121C3 LAGAB x EN764
U+121C4 LAGAB x GA775
U+121C5 LAGAB x GAR801 528
U+121C6 LAGAB x GUD772 493
U+121C7 LAGAB x GUD + GUD766 494
U+121C8 LAGAB x ḪA800 527
U+121C9 LAGAB x ḪAL756 484 ENGUR
U+121CA LAGAB x ḪI x NUN784 509
U+121CB LAGAB x IGI gunû
U+121CC LAGAB x IM785 510
U+121CD LAGAB x IM + ḪA
U+121CE LAGAB x IM + LU
U+121CF LAGAB x KI789 514
U+121D0 LAGAB x KIN794 519
U+121D1 LAGAB x KU3790 513; 506 GARIM
U+121D2 LAGAB x KUL761
U+121D3 LAGAB x KUL + ḪI + A762
U+121D4 LAGAB x LAGAB804 529 NIĜIN
U+121D5 LAGAB x LIŠ782 486,1; 503
U+121D6 LAGAB x LU793 518
U+121D7 LAGAB x LUL777 502
U+121D8 LAGAB x ME791 516
U+121D9 LAGAB x ME + EN792 517
U+121DA LAGAB x MUŠ780 507
U+121DB LAGAB x NE768 495 UDUB
U+121DC LAGAB x ŠE + SUM779 491,6; 492
U+121DD LAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ + ERIN2
U+121DE LAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ tenû
U+121DF LAGAB x ŠU2802 520
U+121E0 LAGAB x ŠU2 + ŠU2803 521
U+121E1 LAGAB x SUM767 491 ZAR
U+121E2 LAGAB x TAG
U+121E3 LAGAB x TAK4759 485
U+121E4 LAGAB x TE + A + SU + NA
U+121E5 LAGAB x U786 511 GÍGIR "wain"; PÚ, TÚL "source, fount"
U+121E6 LAGAB x U + A787 512
U+121E7 LAGAB x U + U + U788 515 BUL
U+121E8 LAGAB x U2 + AŠ774 499
U+121E9 LAGAB x UD783 505
U+121EA LAGAB x UŠ770
U+121EB LAGAB squared805 530
U+121EC LAGAR719 458 HZL nr. 186
U+121ED LAGAR x ŠE722 460 SU7
U+121EE LAGAR x ŠE + SUM723
U+121EF LAGAR gunû721 459 DU6
U+121F0 LAGAR gunû / LAGAR gunû ŠE721v
U+121F1 LAḪŠU
U+121F2 LAL750 481 LA2
U+121F3 LAL x LAL751 482 LAL2
U+121F4 LAM693 435 BA from GANBA(market)
U+121F5 LAM x KUR694 436 EŠ22
U+121F6 LAM x KUR + RU694v 436,4
U+121F7 LI085 59
U+121F8 LIL544 336
U+121F9 LIMMU2215 124
U+121FA LIŠ591 377 DÍLIM
U+121FB LU812 537 UDU
U+121FC LU x BAD814 537,65c; 537* ÀD
U+121FD LU2514 330 Person
U+121FE LU2 x AL523
U+121FF LU2 x BAD517
U+12200 LU2 x EŠ2
U+12201 LU2 x EŠ2 tenû
U+12202 LU2 x GAN2 tenû521
U+12203 LU2 x ḪI x BAD
U+12204 LU2 x IM526
U+12205 LU2 x KAD2519
U+12206 LU2 x KAD3
U+12207 LU2 x KAD3 + AŠ
U+12208 LU2 x KI527
U+12209 LU2 x LA + AŠ
U+1220A LU2 x LAGAB528
U+1220B LU2 x ME + EN
U+1220C LU2 x NE522 DU14
U+1220D LU2 x NU
U+1220E LU2 x SI + AŠ
U+1220F LU2 x SIK2 + BU533
U+12210 LU2 x TUG2530 AZLAG7
U+12211 LU2 tenû515
U+12212 LU2 crossing LU2
U+12213 LU2 opposing LU2
U+12214 LU2 squared
U+12215 LU2 šešig516; 534 330 DIM3
U+12216 LU3555 345 GÚG, ŠÈ gunû
U+12217 LUGAL266 151
U+12218 LUGAL / LUGAL266v DADRUM?
U+12219 LUGAL opposing LUGAL266v unattested
U+1221A LUGAL šešigDIM3
U+1221B LUḪ494 321
U+1221C LUL570 355 NAR
U+1221D LUM900 565 ḪUM
U+1221E LUM / LUM902 565a; 566a
U+1221F LUM / LUM GAR / GAR904 566b LÙGUD
U+12220 MA552 342
U+12221 MA x TAK4
U+12222 MA gunû270 146 ḪASḪUR
U+12223 MA2201 122
U+12224 MAḪ091 57 MAH
U+12225 MAR483 307
U+12226 MAŠ120 74
U+12227 MAŠ2130 76
U+12228 ME753 532
U+12229 MES486 533 RID, KIŠIB
U+1222A MI681 427 ĜI6, GE6
U+1222B MIN825 570
U+1222C MU098 61 ĜU10
U+1222D MU / MU301 169 TAḪ, DAḪ
U+1222E MUG012 003 oakum
U+1222F MUG gunû0013 4 ZADIM
U+12230 MUNSUB820 543 MUNŠUB
U+12231 MURGU2567
https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%88%B2 U+12232 MUŠ585 374
U+12233 MUŠ x A
U+12234 MUŠ x KUR
U+12235 MUŠ x ZA
U+12236 MUŠ / MUŠ586 RI8
U+12237 MUŠ / MUŠ x A + NA
U+12238 MUŠ crossing MUŠ
U+12239 MUŠ3153 103 INANNA, INNIN
U+1223A MUŠ3 x A154
U+1223B MUŠ3 x A + DI155
U+1223C MUŠ3 x DI
U+1223D MUŠ3 gunûSUH
U+1223E NA110 70
U+1223F NA2689 431 NU2
U+12240 NAGA293
Haya U+12241 NAGA inverted
U+12242 NAGA x ŠU tenû294
U+12243 NAGA opposing NAGA
U+12244 NAGAR893 560 ALLA
U+12245 NAM NUTILLU
U+12246 NAM134 79
U+12247 NAM2
U+12248 NE313 172 BI2, DE3, DU17, IZI, LAM2, LIM4
U+12249 NE x A315
U+1224A NE x UD314
U+1224B NE šešig312 173 BÍL
U+1224C NI380 231 I3
U+1224D NI x E
U+1224E NI2641 399
U+1224F NIM690 433 NUM
U+12250 NIM x GAN2 tenû691 434
U+12251 NIM x GAR + GAN2 tenû692 434a
U+12252 NINDA2316 176
U+12253 NINDA2 x AN320
U+12254 NINDA2 x AŠ317 176,12; 177,2
U+12255 NINDA2 x AŠ + AŠ316 177,3
U+12256 NINDA2 x GUD327 187,6
U+12257 NINDA2 x ME + GAN2 tenû
U+12258 NINDA2 x NE326 183 ÁG "darling", RE, AĜ2
U+12259 NINDA2 x NUN324 181 AZU
U+1225A NINDA2 x ŠE333v3
U+1225B NINDA2 x ŠE + A AN333 ŠAM2
U+1225C NINDA2 x ŠE + AŠ331
U+1225D NINDA2 x ŠE + AŠ + AŠ332
U+1225E NINDA2 x U2 + AŠ330
U+1225F NINDA2 x UŠ
U+12260 NISAG545 337 MURU2, MURUB4, ITI gunû
U+12261 NU112 75
U+12262 NU11115 71 ŠIR
https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%A3 U+12263 NUN143 87 eridu
U+12264 NUN LAGAR x GAR
U+12265 NUN LAGAR x MAŠ
U+12266 NUN LAGAR x SAL
U+12267 NUN LAGAR x SAL / NUN LAGAR x SAL
U+12268 NUN LAGAR x UŠ
U+12269 NUN tenû144 87
U+1226A NUN / NUN502 325 NIR
U+1226B NUN crossing NUN107 63d
U+1226C NUN crossing NUN LAGAR / LAGAR
U+1226D NUNUZ614 394
U+1226E NUNUZ AB2 x AŠGAB619 394c,e USAN3
U+1226F NUNUZ AB2 x BI621 394d MUD3
U+12270 NUNUZ AB2 x DUG625
U+12271 NUNUZ AB2 x GUD623
U+12272 NUNUZ AB2 x IGI gunû627
U+12273 NUNUZ AB2 x KAD3618
U+12274 NUNUZ AB2 x LA616 394b LAḪTAN
U+12275 NUNUZ AB2 x NE620
U+12276 NUNUZ AB2 x SILA3617 394b' LAḪTAN2
U+12277 NUNUZ AB2 x U2(624)
U+12278 NUNUZ KISIM5 x BI621 394d MUD3
U+12279 NUNUZ KISIM5 x BI U622 MUD3.U
U+1227A PA464 295 GIDRU "staff, sceptre", UGULA "overseer", GARZA "office"
U+1227B PAD746 469 ŠUK
U+1227C PAN685 439 BAN, BANA, PANA; Akkadian qaštu
U+1227D PAP092 60 PAB, KUR2
U+1227E PEŠ2741; 882 346
U+1227F PI598 383 TAL2
U+12280 PI x A598v HZL nr. 326
U+12281 PI x AB598v HZL nr. 318
U+12282 PI x BI598v HZL nr. 320
U+12283 PI x BU598v HZL nr. 324
U+12284 PI x E598v HZL nr. 322
U+12285 PI x I598v HZL nr. 319
U+12286 PI x IB598v HZL nr. 325
U+12287 PI x U598v HZL nr. 323
U+12288 PI x U2598v HZL nr. 321
U+12289 PI crossing PI598v 383,3
U+1228A PIRIG444
U+1228B PIRIG x KAL295
U+1228C PIRIG x UD296 130 UG, UKU4
U+1228D PIRIG x ZA297 AZ
U+1228E PIRIG opposing PIRIG
U+1228F RA511 328
U+12290 RAB262 149
U+12291 RI142 86 DAL, RE, TAL, ŠA7
U+12292 RU111 48
U+12293 SA172 104
U+12294 SAG NUTILLU
U+12295 SAG184 115 SAĜ
U+12296 SAG x A197
U+12297 SAG x DU187
U+12298 SAG x DUB
U+12299 SAG x ḪA198
U+1229A SAG x KAK188
U+1229B SAG x KUR
U+1229C SAG x LUM200
U+1229D SAG x MI195
U+1229E SAG x NUN185
U+1229F SAG x SAL199
U+122A0 SAG x ŠID191
U+122A1 SAG x TAB
U+122A2 SAG x U2192
U+122A3 SAG x UB193
U+122A4 SAG x UM186
U+122A5 SAG x UR196
U+122A6 SAG x UŠ190
U+122A7 SAG / SAG
U+122A8 SAG gunû512 329 DUL3
U+122A9 SAL883 554 MI2, MUNUS
] U+122AA SAL LAGAB x AŠ2
U+122AB SANGA2314
U+122AC SAR541 152 MU2, SAR
U+122AD ŠA566 353
U+122AE ŠA3599 384 ŠAG4
U+122AF ŠA3 x A608 390 PEŠ4
U+122B0 ŠA3 x BAD600
U+122B1 ŠA3 x GIŠ603
U+122B2 ŠA3 x NE602 385
U+122B3 ŠA3 x ŠU2609 389
U+122B4 ŠA3 x TUR601
U+122B5 ŠA3 x U605
U+122B6 ŠA3 x U + A606 388 BIR6
U+122B7 ŠA6SAG9
U+122B8 ŠAB6295k
U+122B9 ŠAR2632; 633 396 TI2
U+122BA ŠE579 367
U+122BB ŠE ḪU
U+122BC ŠE / ŠE GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
U+122BD ŠE / ŠE TAB / TAB GAR / GAR
U+122BE ŠEG9878 551
U+122BF ŠEN017 008 = SU x A, ALAL, PISAN3, DUR10
U+122C0 ŠEŠ535 331 URI3, URU3
U+122C1 ŠEŠ2821 544
U+122C2 ŠEŠLAM100 65
U+122C3 ŠID485 314 LAG, UTTU2
U+122C4 ŠID x A489 317 UMBISAG2
U+122C5 ŠID x IM487 317a
U+122C6 ŠIM362 215
U+122C7 ŠIM x A372
U+122C8 ŠIM x BAL363 216,3; 217
U+122C9 ŠIM x BULUG367 218,2
U+122CA ŠIM x DIN366 221
U+122CB ŠIM x GAR373 225
U+122CC ŠIM x IGI371
U+122CD ŠIM x IGI gunû368 219*
U+122CE ŠIM x KUŠU2375 223
U+122CF ŠIM x LUL369
U+122D0 ŠIM x MUG365 216
U+122D1 ŠIM x SAL374 222
U+122D2 ŠINIG93
U+122D3 ŠIR115 71
U+122D4 ŠIR tenû116
U+122D5 ŠIR / ŠIR BUR / BUR
U+122D6 ŠITA388 233,22 "GA2"
U+122D7 ŠU567 354
U+122D8 ŠU / inverted ŠU
U+122D9 ŠU2869 545
U+122DA ŠUBUR0022 53
U+122DB SI181 112 MA
U+122DC SI gunû182 113 SU4
U+122DD SIG881 592
U+122DE SIG4905; 906 567 MURGU; HZL nr. 311
U+122DF SIG4 / SIG4 ŠU2907 568
U+122E0 SIK2816 539 SIG2, SIKI
U+122E1 SILA3099 62
U+122E2 SU016 007 also KUŠ "skin, hide"
U+122E3 SU / SU
U+122E4 SUD584 373 BU gunû, SU3
U+122E5 SUD2139
U+122E6 SUḪUR646 403
U+122E7 SUM292 164 ŠUM2
U+122E8 SUMAŠ323 182
U+122E9 SUR151 101
U+122EA SUR9205 122d
U+122EB TA248 139
U+122EC TA*248v
U+122ED TA x ḪI250 LAL3
U+122EE TA x MI251
U+122EF TA gunû
U+122F0 TAB209 124
U+122F1 TAB / TAB NI / NI DIŠ / DIŠ
U+122F2 TAB squared
U+122F3 TAG221 126
U+122F4 TAG x BI
U+122F5 TAG x GUD
U+122F6 TAG x ŠE
U+122F7 TAG x ŠU
U+122F8 TAG x TUG2
U+122F9 TAG x UD
U+122FA TAK4106 63 KID2, TAKA4
U+122FB TAR009 12
U+122FC TE589 376 GAL5
U+122FD TE gunû088 58 URU5, GUR8, KUR9 (See also: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%86%AD )
U+122FE TI118 73 DÌ, TE9, TI, TIL3, TÌ, ṬE6
U+122FF TI tenû
U+12300 TIL114 69 = BAD U+12041
U+12301 TIR587 375
U+12302 TIR x TAK4
U+12303 TIR / TIR587v NINNI5
U+12304 TIR / TIR GAD / GAD GAR / GAR588 375,46a-b
U+12305 TU086 58 DU2, TUD, TUR5
U+12306 TUG2809 536 NAM2
https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%8C%87 U+12307 TUK827 574 DU12, TUG
U+12308 TUM354 207 DU4
U+12309 TUR255 144 DU13, DUMU
U+1230A TUR / TUR ZA / ZA
U+1230B U661 411 BUR3, BURU3, UMUN, "TEN", "10"
U+1230C U GUDUL, DU7
U+1230D U U U711 472 EŠ, "THIRTY", "30"; see "Winkelhaken".
U+1230E U / U PA / PA GAR / GAR
U+1230F U / U SUR / SUR
U+12310 U / U U reversed / U reversed713 474 MAŠGI, BARGI
U+12311 U2490 318
U+12312 UB504 306 AR2
U+12313 UD596 381 BABBAR, UD, UT, UTA, UTU
U+12314 UD KUŠU2611 392 UḪ2
U+12315 UD x BAD
U+12316 UD x MI597 382 ITIMA2
U+12317 UD x U + U + UDU16
U+12318 UD x U + U + U gunû
U+12319 UD gunû542 337* uncertain
U+1231A UD šešig0020 52 ITI, UD x EŠ
U+1231B UD šešig x BAD
U+1231C UDUG833 577; 578
U+1231D UM238 134
U+1231E UM x LAGAB
U+1231F UM x ME + DA241
U+12320 UM x ŠA3
U+12321 UM x U239
U+12322 UMBIN92b
U+12323 UMUMDU19
U+12324 UMUM x KASKALDE2
U+12325 UMUM x PA
U+12326 UN501 312 KALAM, KANAM, UG3, UĜ3, UKU3 "man"
U+12327 UN gunû
U+12328 UR828 575 HUL
U+12329 UR crossing UR828v 575a
U+1232A UR šešig829 reconstruction
U+1232B UR2341 203
U+1232C UR2 x A + ḪA346
U+1232D UR2 x A + NA
U+1232E UR2 x AL343
U+1232F UR2 x ḪA347 185,5
U+12330 UR2 x NUN342 204
U+12331 UR2 x U2344
U+12332 UR2 x U2 + AŠ345 185
U+12333 UR2 x U2 + BI
U+12334 UR4835 594
U+12335 URI574 359 BUR/BUR
U+12336 URI3
U+12337 URU071 38 RI2, IRI
U+12338 URU x A081
U+12339 URU x AŠGAB
U+1233A URU x BAR073 40 UKKIN
U+1233B URU x DUN
U+1233C URU x GA076
U+1233D URU x GAL
U+1233E URU x GAN2 tenû074
U+1233F URU x GAR083
U+12340 URU x GU084
U+12341 URU x ḪA082
U+12342 URU x IGI079
U+12343 URU x IM
U+12344 URU x IŠ
U+12345 URU x KI
U+12346 URU x LUM
U+12347 URU x MIN080 ULU3, U18, LU7
U+12348 URU x PA
U+12349 URU x ŠE
U+1234A URU x SIG4
U+1234B URU x TU072
U+1234C URU x U + GUD
U+1234D URU x UD077
U+1234E URU x URUDA075 41 BANŠUR
U+1234F URUDA230 132 URUDU
U+12350 URUDA x U230
U+12351 UŠ381 211 NITA
U+12352 UŠ x A384 211a
U+12353 UŠ x KU383
U+12354 UŠ x KUR
U+12355 UŠ x TAK4382 51*
U+12356 UŠX583 372 UZ, US, UŠ
U+12357 UŠ269 MŪTU, (m-w-t), (mawt), (mt), מָוֶת (mawet), Neo-Assyrian Aramaic: ܡܘܬܐ. See also: Middle Egyptian:, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian:
  • (m-)atay
U+12358 UŠUMX
U+12359 UTUKI
U+1235A UZ3203 122b
U+1235B UZ3 x KASKAL204 122c
U+1235C UZU311 171
U+1235D ZA851 586
U+1235E ZA tenû854 379; 380 AS4, ERIM tenû
U+1235F ZA squared x KUR855 531; 588
U+12360 ZAG540 332 ZA3
U+12361 ZAMX
U+12362 ZE2259 147 ZI2, AB x PA
U+12363 ZI140 84 ZE1, ZID, ZIG3
U+12364 ZI / ZI101 66
U+12365 ZI3536
U+12366 ZIB628 395
U+12367 ZIB KABA tenû
U+12368 ZIG336 190 ZIK, NINDA x EŠ
U+12369 ZIZ2339
U+1236A ZU015 006 SU, ṢU, ZU
U+1236B ZU5
U+1236C ZU5 x A
U+1236D ZUBUR648 364/5,2-3
U+1236E ZUM884 555
U+1236F KAP ELAMITE
U+12370 AB x NUN
U+12371 AB2 x A
U+12372 AMAR x KUG
U+12373 DAG KISIM5 x U2 + MAŠ
U+12374 DAG3
U+12375 DIŠ + ŠU
U+12376 DUB x ŠE
U+12377 EZEN x GUD
U+12378 EZEN x ŠE
U+12379 GA2 x AN + KAK + A
U+1237A GA2 x AŠ2
U+1237B GE22
U+1237C GIG
U+1237D ḪUŠ
U+1237E KA x ANŠE
U+1237F KA x AŠ3
U+12380 KA x GIŠ
U+12381 KA x GUD
U+12382 KA x ḪI x AŠ2
U+12383 KA x LUM
U+12384 KA x PA
U+12385 KA x ŠUL
U+12386 KA x TU
U+12387 KA x UR2
U+12388 LAGAB x GI
U+12389 LU2 ŠEŠIG x BAD
U+1238A LU2 x EŠ2 + LAL
U+1238B LU2 x ŠU
U+1238C MEŠ
U+1238D MUŠ3 x ZA
U+1238E NA4
U+1238F NIN
U+12390 NIN9
U+12391 NINDA2 x BAL
U+12392 NINDA2 x GI
U+12393 NU11 rotated 90°
U+12394 PEŠ2*
U+12395 PIR2
U+12396 SAG x IGI gunû
U+12397 TI2
U+12398 UM x ME
U+12399 U U"TWENTY", "20"

Code chart

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script was added to the Unicode Standard in July, 2006 with the release of version 5.0.

The Unicode block for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform is U+12000 - U+123FF:

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Cuneiform block:

Count L2 ID WG2 ID Document
5.0 U+12000..122D3, 122D6..1236E 877
N2297
N2585
N2664R
N2698
N2786
doc)
U+122D4..122D5 2 N4178R
N4277R
7.0 U+1236F..12398 42 N4178R
N4277R
8.0 U+12399 1 N4493
doc)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Font packages

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. 2023-07-26.
  2. Web site: Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. 2023-07-26.
  3. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U12000.pdf Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)
  4. http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2786.pdf Unicode cuneiform
  5. https://listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/ane/2004-June/013909.html L. Anderson, June 2004
  6. (after Anderson's sign list)

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cuneiform (Unicode block)".

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