Sony Pictures Explained

Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.
Former Name:Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (1987–1991)
Type:Subsidiary
Industry:Entertainment
Hq Location:Poitier Building
10202 West Washington Boulevard
Hq Location City:Culver City, California
Hq Location Country:United States
Area Served:Worldwide
Revenue:US$10,14 billion
Revenue Year:FY2022
Operating Income:US$894 million
Parent:Sony Entertainment
Income Year:FY2022
Subsid:See § Subsidiaries
Num Employees:9,100
Num Employees Year:2023
Footnotes:[1] [2]

Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Sony Pictures or SPE, and formerly known as Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc.) is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment studio conglomerate that produces, acquires, and distributes filmed entertainment (theatrical motion pictures, television programs, and recorded videos) through multiple platforms. Through an intermediate holding company called Sony Film Holding Inc., it is operated as a subsidiary of Sony Entertainment Inc., which is itself a subsidiary of the Japanese multinational technology and media conglomerate Sony Group Corporation.[3] [4]

Based at the Sony Pictures Studios lot in Culver City, California as one of the "Big Five" major American film studios, it encompasses Sony's motion picture, television production and distribution units. All of SPE's divisions are members of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).[5] Sony's film franchises include The Karate Kid, Ghostbusters, Jumanji, Men in Black, Spider-Man, and Sony's Spider-Man Universe.

History

1987–1989

On September 1, 1987, The Coca-Cola Company announced plans to spin off Columbia Pictures, which it had owned since 1982. Under this arrangement, Coca-Cola would sell its entertainment assets (Coca-Cola's Entertainment Business Sector) to TriStar Pictures, of which it owned 39.6%. Tri-Star would be renamed Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (CPE), with Coca-Cola owning 49%, its shareholders owning 31%, and Tri-Star's shareholders owning 20%.[6] [7] As part of a merger plan, the two television businesses, comprising Columbia/Embassy Television and Tri-Star Television, merged altogether to form a new incarnation of the original Columbia Pictures Television.[8]

The merger enabled three top Tri-Star executives, namely Arnold Messner, who ran Tri-Star Telecommunications, Victor A. Kaufman, who ran the main Tri-Star Pictures studio, and Scott Siegler, who ran Tri-Star Television to stay on, while four of the Coca-Cola Entertainment Business Sector departed, namely Barbara Corday, who ran Columbia/Embassy Television as president, Herman Rush and Peter Seale, who ran Coca-Cola Telecommunications, and Brian McGrath, who was the president of the Coca-Cola Entertainment Business Sector.[9] In early December 1987, former Coke EBS vice president Kenneth Lemberger exited the post to join Tri-Star Pictures, displacing Roger Faxon, who had joined Columbia Pictures as senior vice president of the studio.[10]

The merger was approved by shareholders on December 15, 1987, and it was completed two days later. Columbia and Tri-Star brands would be used as separate and autonomous production entities, and would be part of CPE whole, along with the prior assets, units and commitments of the former Coca-Cola Entertainment Business Sector, which included all feature, TV, home video, and pay cable operations as well as the Entertainment Sector's feature production deal with Nelson Entertainment and its investment in Castle Rock Entertainment, and TeleVentures; a company it continues to own, which was linked to three independent companies: Tri-Star Pictures, Stephen J. Cannell Productions and Witt/Thomas Productions. Merv Griffin Enterprises continue to function as a separate operation.[11] A new company was formed in early 1988 with the Tri-Star name to take over the studio's operations.[12]

In early January 1988, CPE announced that they would revive the Triumph branding for the new worldwide subsidiary, Triumph Releasing Corporation, which was functioned as a theatrical distributor, marketing and promotion for Columbia and Tri-Star films, and named Patrick N. Williamson as president of the unit and the company provided administrative services related to distribution of its films in North America, while internationally, would be responsible for the direction of each studio.[13]

On September 28, 1989, Sony obtained an option to purchase all of The Coca-Cola Company's stock (approximately 54 million shares or 49% of the outstanding shares) in CPE for $27 per share. The next day, Sony also announced that it reached an agreement with Guber-Peters Entertainment Company, Inc. (NASDAQ: GPEC; formerly Barris Industries, Inc.) to acquire CPE for $200 million when Sony hired Peter Guber and Jon Peters to be its co-chairmen. This was all led by Norio Ohga, who was the president and CEO of Sony during that time.[14]

The hiring of Guber and Peters by Sony to run Columbia was conflicted by a previous contract the producers had signed at Warner Bros. Time Warner's chairman, Steve Ross, threatened Sony with a lawsuit for breach of contract. The lawsuit would be subsequently dropped when Sony sold half-interest in Columbia House and cable distribution rights to Columbia's feature films, TV movies, and miniseries to Warner Bros. That same agreement also saw Columbia sell its 35% interest in the Burbank Studios and acquired Lorimar Studios, previously the MGM lot, from Warner Bros.[15] [16]

On October 31, 1989, Sony completed a friendly takeover bid for the rest of shares (51%) of CPE, which was a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: KPE), and acquired 99.3% of the common stock of the company. On November 8, 1989, Sony completed the acquisition by a "short-form" merger of its wholly owned subsidiary Sony Columbia Acquisition Corporation into CPE under the Delaware General Corporation Law. Sony also completed a tender offer for shares of common stock of the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company on November 6, 1989, and acquired the company 3 days later. The acquisition cost Sony $4.9 billion ($3.55 billion for shares and $1.4 billion of long-term debt) and was backed (financed) by five major Japanese banks Mitsui, Tokyo, Fuji, Mitsubishi and Industrial Bank of Japan.[17] [18] [19]

1990–1999

The company was renamed as Sony Pictures Entertainment on August 7, 1991.[20] Also that year, Jon Peters left Columbia to start Peters Entertainment with a three-year exclusive production agreement at the studio at first, before transitioning to a non-exclusive deal at the studio.[21] Longtime CPE employee Laurie MacDonald also left to start Aerial Pictures at the studio, first for a two-year deal, before going to 20th Century Fox in 1993, and being swallowed up by Amblin Entertainment later that year, eventually setting up DreamWorks.[22]

Sony has since created numerous other film production and distribution units, such as creating Sony Pictures Classics for art-house fare, by forming Columbia TriStar Pictures (also known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group) by merging Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures in 1998, revitalizing Columbia's former television division Screen Gems.

This in effect re-united the MGM studio name, with the MGM main studio lot, although somewhat confusingly, the bulk of the pre-May 1986 original MGM library ended up at Time Warner via the Ted Turner-Kirk Kerkorian "Turner Entertainment Co." transactions. The post-April 1986 MGM library consists of acquisitions of various third-party libraries, such as the Orion Pictures catalogue, leading to MGM's 2014 remake of RoboCop.

2000–2009

In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, David Manning, who gave consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures that generally received poor reviews amongst real critics.[23] Sony later pulled the ads, suspended Manning's creator and his supervisor and paid fines to the state of Connecticut[24] and to fans who saw the reviewed films in the US.[25]

It expanded its operations on April 8, 2005, when a Sony-led consortium acquired the legendary Hollywood studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), in a US$4.8 billion leveraged buyout, through the holding company MGM Holdings Inc.[26]

On June 4, 2008, SPE's wholly owned group 2JS Productions B.V. acquired Dutch production company 2waytraffic N.V., famous for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, acquired from the original production company Celador, and You Are What You Eat for £114.3 million ($223.2 million in US dollars).

2010–2019

In 2011, the Sony Pictures computer network was breached and approximately one million user accounts associated with the SonyPictures.com website were leaked.[27]

On November 18, 2012, Sony Pictures announced it has passed $4 billion with the success of releases: Skyfall, The Amazing Spider-Man, 21 Jump Street, Men in Black 3, Hotel Transylvania, , The Vow, and .[28] On November 21, 2013, SPE and Sony Entertainment's CEO Michael Lynton announced that SPE will shift emphasis from movies to television by cutting its 2014 film slate.[29] [30] [31] [32] It was also announced on the same day, that there would be more Spider-Man sequels and spin-offs,[33] though on February 10, 2015, Sony Pictures eventually signed a deal with Disney's Marvel Studios to allow Spider-Man to appear in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with , before appearing in which was released on July 7, 2017.[34] The deal also allowed Sony to distribute and have creative control on any MCU film where Spider-Man is the main character (such as Homecoming and its sequel ), while Disney would distribute MCU films where Spider-Man appears without being the main character.

On January 22, 2014, SPE folded its technology unit into the various cores of its businesses.[35] In April, Sony Pictures arranged a film financing deal worth $200 million with LStar Capital, the credit venture of Lone Star Capital and Citibank, half in debt and the other in equity to fund most of SPE's film slate for several years. SPE was originally considering a $300 million deal with Blue Anchor Entertainment, led by Bloom Hergott partner John LaViolette and former investment banker & producer Joseph M. Singer, and backed by Longhorn Capital Management and Deutsche Bank, which was held up by regulatory matters.[36]

In November 2019, Sony purchased the remaining 42% stake in GSN from AT&T, placing it under the direction of its television division.[37]

2020–present

In April 2021, Sony signed a first-look deal with Netflix, allowing the streaming service to host their films following their theatrical runs and home media releases.[38] That same month, the company also entered into a multi-year licensing agreement with The Walt Disney Company for its films to stream across Disney's streaming and linear platforms, including Disney+ and Hulu.[39]

In February 2022, Sony signed a deal with WarnerMedia Europe to stream its theatrical films on HBO Max for Central and Eastern Europe countries.[40]

On November 28, 2022, it was announced that Legendary Entertainment reached a distribution deal with Sony to distribute its future slate of films. However, this deal does not include the Dune and MonsterVerse films as they will remain at Warner Bros. The deal came after the negative impact of the merger of Warner Bros.' parent company WarnerMedia with Discovery, Inc. to form Warner Bros. Discovery.[41]

On November 14, 2023, Sony Pictures unveiled a special centennial anniversary logo for its Columbia Pictures unit ahead of its 100th anniversary of its founding on January 10, 2024.[42]

On April 18, 2024, it was reported that Sony was interested in acquiring Paramount Global through a joint buyout with Apollo Global Management.[43] [44] Sony and Apollo submitted a $26 billion all-cash offer to acquire Paramount Global on May 2, 2024.[45] A special committee of Paramount’s board of directors met on May 5, 2024, and signed off on beginning deal talks with Sony and Apollo.[46] However, Sony would not be returning to make a new offer for Paramount, following David Ellison's Skydance Media eventually becoming the emerging winner for the merger of the company.

On June 12, 2024, Sony Pictures acquired Alamo Drafthouse Cinema for a sum which are yet-to-be disclosed. This marked the first time in more than 75 years that a major Hollywood studio would own a theater chain, as the 1948 federal ruling from United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. prevented them from owning exhibition companies until 2020.[47] [48] Alamo Drafthouse will continue to operate their film festival Fantastic Fest, which is included in the acquisition.[49]

2014 hack

See main article: 2014 Sony Pictures hack.

In November 2014, the Sony Pictures computer network was compromised by a group of hackers named Guardians of Peace, disabling many computers.[50] Later the same week, five of Sony Pictures' movies were leaked, including some not yet released (such as Fury and Annie), as well as confidential data about 47,000 current and former Sony employees.[51] [52] [53] Film historian Wheeler Winston Dixon suggested that the hack, which exposed the inner workings of the studio, was "not a pretty picture," and served as a "wake-up call to the entire industry."[54] The hack also revealed some other documents, emails between Hollywood moguls referring to Barack Obama's cinematic tastes, a possible partnership with Marvel Studios for the inclusion of the superhero Spider-Man in , which was later confirmed in February 2015, amongst others.[55] [56] On December 16, the hackers issued a warning to moviegoers, threatening to attack anyone who sees The Interview during the holidays and urging people to "remember the 11th of September 2001".[57] On December 17, 2014, Sony cancelled the previously planned December 25 release of The Interview in response to hacker threats.[58]

On February 24, 2015, Tom Rothman was named chairman of SPE's motion picture group to replace Amy Pascal.[59] [60]

On April 16, 2015, WikiLeaks published over 30,287 documents, 173 e-mails, and 2,200 corporate e-mail addresses of Sony Pictures' employees. WikiLeaks said in a press release that the content of the leaks were "newsworthy and at the center of a geo-political conflict" and belonged "in the public domain". Sony Pictures later condemned the hack and subsequent leaks, calling it a "malicious criminal act", while also criticizing WikiLeaks for describing the leaked content as public domain.[61] [62] [63]

Seth Rogen has expressed doubts about North Korea being responsible for the 2014 Sony hack. Based on the timeline of events and the amount of information hacked, he believes the hack may have been conducted by a Sony employee.[64]

Sale of headquarters

In 2014, the eight-story, 260,000sq ft building originally designed by architect Maxwell Starkman and known as Sony Pictures Plaza, which was originally the headquarters of MGM Studios and later Sony Pictures Studios, was sold to Runyon Group and fellow developer LBA Realty for $159 million.[65]

Corporate structure

Headquartered in Culver City, California, U.S., SPE comprises various studios and entertainment brands, including Affirm Films, Columbia Pictures, Screen Gems, Sony Pictures Classics, TriStar Pictures, Crunchyroll, Game Show Network and Alamo Drafthouse Cinema.

Senior management team

Motion Picture Group

Home Entertainment

Television Group

U.S. production and distribution

International production

United States
International

Other Sony Pictures operations

Related Sony Pictures divisions

The following are other Sony Pictures divisions that are not subsidiaries of the California-based Sony Pictures Entertainment, but are instead subsidiaries of the main Tokyo-based Sony Group Corporation.

Notes

  1. Sony Pictures Releasing became Sony Pictures's current film distributor in 1994.

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/CPEI:US Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.: Private Company Information
  2. Web site: Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Financial Results for the Fourth Quarter Ended March 31, 2018 . Sony Corporation. Tokyo, Japan. 10. 2018-04-27. 2018-05-06.
  3. Web site: Sony Pictures Entertainment. About Sony Pictures. January 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20190321065216/http://www.sonypictures.com/corp/aboutsonypictures.html. 2019-03-21.
  4. Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. is a wholly owned fifth-tier subsidiary of Sony Corporation. It is directly owned by Sony Film Holding Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. (FY2015 Securities Report (in Japanese), Sony Corporation)
  5. Web site: Who We Are. MPA.
  6. Dick, Bernard F. (1992) "Columbia Pictures: Portrait of a Studio" (p. 46). The University Press of Kentucky. .
  7. Web site: New York Department of State Division of Corporations - Entity Search: Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc.. August 5, 2013.
  8. News: 1987-10-21 . Coke's EBS & Tri-Star Merge TV Biz, Forming Col Pictures TV . 512, 528 . Variety.
  9. News: 1987-10-28 . Coke Reorganizing TV Division After Merging It With Tri-Star; Two Execs Seek Syndie Rights . 43, 72 . Variety.
  10. News: 1987-12-09 . Lemberger Exits Coke For Tri-Star . 3, 6 . Variety.
  11. News: Tusher . Will . 1987-12-23 . It's Official: Colpix Entertainment Formed Of Tri-Star; Coke Entities . 4, 22 . Variety.
  12. Web site: State of New York Division of Corporations - Entity Search: Tri-Star Pictures, Inc.. August 5, 2013.
  13. News: 1988-01-06 . Columbia Resurrects 'Triumph' . 7 . Variety.
  14. News: Sony Has High Hopes For Columbia Pictures. David E. Sanger. 1989-09-28. The New York Times. 2017-07-26. en-US. 0362-4331.
  15. Warner, Sony settle suit over producers (November 17, 1989). Los Angeles: Associated Press.
  16. Medavoy, Mike and Young, Josh (2002). You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot (p. 210). New York City: Atria Books
  17. Rudolph B (1994) So many dreams so many losses. Time vol. 144, no. 22 (November 28, 1994)
  18. Griffin N, Masters K (1996) Hit and Run: How Jon Peters and Peter Guber Took Sony for a Ride in Hollywood. (Simon & Schuster,)
  19. Nathan, J. (1999) Sony: The Private Life. (Houghton Mifflin,,)
  20. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-08-fi-464-story.html She Holds Torch for Sony Pictures Entertainment
  21. Web site: Frook. John Evan. 1994-02-22. Sony, Peters change nature of their deal. 2021-10-24. Variety. en-US.
  22. Web site: O'Steen. Kathleen. Brodie. John. 1993-11-10. Aerial duo to Amblin. 2021-10-24. Variety. en-US.
  23. News: 2 March 2004 . Legal fight over fake film critic . BBC News .
  24. News: Emanuella Grinberg . 9 March 2004 . Moviegoers to settle with studio after being lured by phony critic . CNN .
  25. News: 3 August 2005 . Sony pays $1.5m over fake critic . BBC News .
  26. Sony nabs MGM for $5B, source says, CNN, September 14, 2004.
  27. Web site: Sony Pictures Website Hacked, 1 Million Accounts Exposed. June 2, 2011. mashable.com.
  28. Web site: 'Skyfall's $669.2M Global Helps 20th Century Fox's Post Best Ever $4B Worldwide. Nikki. Finke. November 18, 2012.
  29. News: David Lieberman. Deadline Hollywood. Sony Pictures Vows To Cut Costs $250M+ Through 2016. November 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131123062645/http://www.deadline.com/2013/11/sony-pictures-vows-to-cut-costs-250m-through-2016/. November 23, 2013.
  30. News: David Lieberman. Deadline Hollywood. Sony Pictures To Shift Emphasis From Movies To TV, Will Cut Film Output For 2014. November 22, 2013.
  31. News: Nellie Andreeva. Deadline Hollywood. From Pariah To Company MVP: The Quiet Rise Of Sony's Television Division. November 22, 2013.
  32. News: David Lieberman. Deadline Hollywood. Sony TV Execs Talk Up Global Opportunities. November 22, 2013.
  33. News: David Lieberman. Deadline Hollywood. Sony Pictures Plans More Spider-Man Sequels And Spinoffs – But Still No Marvel Reunion. November 22, 2013.
  34. Sony Pictures Entertainment Brings Marvel Studios Into The Amazing World Of Spider-Man. Marvel. en-US. 2017-02-11.
  35. News: Deadline Hollywood. Layoffs Hit Sony Pictures As SPE Absorbs Technology Unit. January 24, 2014.
  36. News: Fleming. Mike Jr. Sony Closes Slate Co-Fi Deal With Lone Star Capital, CitiBank. October 31, 2014. Deadline Hollywood. April 8, 2014.
  37. Web site: Sony Acquires AT&T's 42% Game Show Network Stake In Deal Worth $500M. Hayes. Dade. November 18, 2019. Deadline. en. November 18, 2019.
  38. Web site: Hayes. Dade. 2021-04-08. Netflix And Sony Break Ground With Film Licensing Deal Replacing Starz Pact, Including First Look At New Direct-To-Streaming Titles. 2021-04-09. Deadline. en-US.
  39. Web site: Littleton. Cynthia. 2021-04-21. Disney Sets Massive Movie Deal With Sony Pictures, Bringing More Marvel to Disney Plus. Variety.
  40. Web site: Ramachandran. Naman. 2022-02-10. Sony, WarnerMedia Set Blockbuster Film Deal for HBO Max Central Europe. 2022-03-09. Variety. en-US.
  41. Web site: Legendary & Sony Ink Multi-Year Global Theatrical Distribution Pact . 28 November 2022 .
  42. 2023-11-14 . Sony Pictures Entertainment Celebrates Columbia Pictures' 100th Anniversary In 2024 . Sony Pictures Entertainment . 2023-11-15.
  43. Web site: Bouma . Luke . 2024-04-19 . Sony is Reportedly Looking at Buying Paramount . 2024-04-19 . Cord Cutters News . en-US.
  44. Web site: IV . Antonio Pequeño . Sony Joins Talks To Buy Paramount—Boosting Paramount Shares 12% . 2024-04-19 . Forbes . en.
  45. News: Gottfried . Jessica Toonkel and Miriam . Sony, Apollo Make $26 Billion All-Cash Offer for Paramount . 2024-05-06 . WSJ . en-US.
  46. News: Mullin . Benjamin . Hirsch . Lauren . 2024-05-05 . Sony and Apollo in Talks to Acquire Paramount . 2024-05-06 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  47. Web site: McClintock . Pamela . Weprin . Alex . Hibberd . James . 2024-06-12 . Sony Pictures Acquires Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Landmark Deal That Puts Studios Back in Theater Game . 2024-06-12 . . en-US.
  48. Web site: Whitten . Sarah . 2024-06-12 . Sony Pictures is buying Alamo Drafthouse, becoming the first studio in 75 years to own a theater chain . 2024-06-12 . . en.
  49. Web site: Lang . Brent . 2024-06-12 . Sony Pictures Buys Alamo Drafthouse . 2024-06-12 . . en.
  50. Web site: Hack at Sony Pictures shuts computer system. Los Angeles Times. November 25, 2014.
  51. Web site: Sony movies leak online after hack attack . Torrentfreak . November 30, 2014.
  52. News: Hackers Pirate Sony Films and Leak Studio Salaries. New York Times. December 2, 2014. Barnes. Brooks. Perlroth. Nicole.
  53. News: Lawsuits against Sony Pictures could test employer responsibility for data breaches. Washington Post.
  54. News: MEG JAMES, RYAN FAUGHNDER. December 13, 2014. Los Angeles Times. Fallout from Sony hack may alter how Hollywood conducts business. December 14, 2014.
  55. News: Sony Hack: Amy Pascal and Scott Rudin Joked About Obama's Race in Leaked Emails. The Hollywood Reporter. 2014-12-10. 2017-10-15. en.
  56. https://mashable.com/2014/12/12/spider-man-may-appear-in-captain-america-3-but-not-played-by-andrew-garfield/ Spider-Man may appear in 'Captain America 3'
  57. News: Sony Hackers Threaten Movie Theaters . USA Today . December 16, 2014.
  58. News: Sony pulls 'The Interview'; the Internet reacts . CNBC . December 18, 2014.
  59. News: Deadline Hollywood. Tom Rothman Replaces Amy Pascal At Sony Pictures; Michael Lynton Contract Extended. February 24, 2015.
  60. News: Bloomberg News. Sony Names Former Fox Film Chief Tom Rothman to Replace Pascal. February 24, 2015.
  61. Web site: Los Angeles Times. Sony Pictures condemns WikiLeaks' release of hacked material. 16 April 2015. Saba Hamedy. 30 November 2017.
  62. Web site: Eriq Gardner. Yahoo! Movies. Sony Hack: WikiLeaks Publishes More Than 30,000 Documents. 17 April 2015. 30 November 2017.
  63. Web site: WikiLeaks - Sony Archives. 30 November 2017. 16 April 2015.
  64. Web site: Actually, Seth Rogen Doesn't Think North Korea Was Behind the Sony Hack . Desta . Yohana . HWD . April 30, 2018 . en . 2018-07-28.
  65. Web site: 2017-08-17 . Equinox first tenant announced for redeveloped Culver City icon . 2023-10-23 . www.healthclubmanagement.co.uk.
  66. Web site: Sony Pictures - Divisions. sonypictures.com. June 7, 2015.
  67. Web site: Sony Pictures – Corporate Factsheet. https://web.archive.org/web/20051104051441/http://www.sonypictures.com/corp/corporatefact.html. November 4, 2005.
  68. Web site: Sony Pictures Imageworks. imageworks.com.
  69. https://businessprofiles.com/details/sony-pictures-releasing/NY-1358802 SONY PICTURES RELEASING CORPORATION
  70. https://deadline.com/2019/12/sony-faith-based-affirm-films-launches-tv-division-marybeth-sprows-1202800514/ Sony's Faith-Based Affirm Films Launches TV Division Headed By Marybeth Sprows
  71. Web site: Sony Pictures Television Acquires Industrial Media In $300M+ Deal, Restructures Its Unscripted Operations. Andreeva. Nellie. March 3, 2022. Deadline Hollywood. March 3, 2022.
  72. https://deadline.com/2017/07/sony-pictures-tv-leadership-jeff-frost-studio-president-chris-parnell-jason-clodfelter-co-presidents-1202135022/ Sony Pictures TV Sets New Leadership: Jeff Frost Named Studio President, Chris Parnell & Jason Clodfelter Co-Presidents
  73. Web site: Doctor Who producer Bad Wolf 'to be acquired by Sony'. 23 October 2021. Radio Times.
  74. Web site: Ramachandran. Naman. 1 December 2021. Sony Confirms Acquisition of 'His Dark Materials' Producer Bad Wolf, Buys Out Sky/HBO Minority Stake. 15 February 2022. Variety. en-US.
  75. News: Cynthia Littleton. Variety. Sony Pictures Television Acquires Australia's Playmaker Media. February 8, 2015.
  76. PRNewswire. Sony Pictures Television International Forms First Fully Government Approved Television and Film Production Joint Venture in the People's Republic of China. September 30, 2012. Sony Pictures Television.
  77. News: Nancy Tartaglione. Deadline Hollywood. Sony Pictures Television Launches Northern Ireland Production Company Stellify Media. March 20, 2014.
  78. Web site: Sony Pictures Television Takes Minority Stake in Formula 1 & NFL Producer the Whisper Group. February 18, 2020.
  79. Web site: Sony Pictures Entertainment (Japan), Inc. official website. . 22 March 2021.
  80. https://www.sonypictures.jp/archive/cinemaparadise/01/3.html History of Columbia Pictures Part 3
  81. https://www.sonypictures.jp/corp/about/en/ About Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan
  82. https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=22636854 Company Overview of Sony Pictures Entertainment (Japan) Inc.
  83. Web site: Affiliated Companies (Japan) . Sony Global . 3 August 2019.
  84. Web site: Overview . Sony Pictures Networks India . 26 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180618025521/http://www.sonypicturesnetworks.com/overview . 2018-06-18.

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