Cubatão Explained

Official Name:Cubatão
Mapsize:250px
Pushpin Map:Brazil
Pushpin Mapsize:250
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Brazil
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:Region
Subdivision Type2:State
Subdivision Name: Brazil
Subdivision Name1:Southeast
Subdivision Type3:Metropolitan Region
Subdivision Name3:Baixada Santista
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Ademário da Silva Oliveira (PSDB)
Established Title:Founded
Area Total Km2:142.88
Population As Of:2020 [1]
Population Total:131,626
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone1:BRT
Utc Offset1:-3
Timezone1 Dst:BRST
Utc Offset1 Dst:-2
Coordinates:-23.8953°N -46.4256°W
Elevation M:4
Blank Name:HDI (2000)
Blank Info:0,772 – medium
Website:Cubatão

Cubatão is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 12 kilometers away from Santos seaport, the largest in Latin America. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista.[2] The population is 131,626 (2020 est.) in an area of 142.88 km2.[3] It hosts industries, refining oil, steel mills and fertilizers.

History

The municipality was created by state law in 1948.[4] In the early 1980s, Cubatão was one of the most polluted cities in the world, nicknamed "Valley of Death", due to births of brainless children and respiratory, hepatic and blood illnesses. High air pollution was killing forest over hills around the city. It was ranked the top ten dirtiest cities in the world by Popular Science.

Around 0:00 BRT (3:00 GMT) on Saturday, 25 February 1984, an oil spill set the shantytown Vila Socó on fire, killing 93 people according to official figures of the government, though the actual death toll may be more than 200.[5] The contamination of workers with persistent organic pollutants put the now defunct Rhodia into Greenpeace's top 10 world's worst corporate crimes ever in its report to Rio Summit in 1992.

Strong efforts were made to diminish pollution in the city, costing US$ 1.2 billion so far. Although things have improved a lot, it is impossible to completely clean the soil and groundwater and while many large industries continue to work in such a small area, there will always be some pollution.

Popular culture

Cubatão was mentioned in the Jello Biafra-Sepultura collaboration "Biotech is Godzilla" on the group's 1993 album Chaos A.D.

Cubatão is the name of an A La Carte song from 1981.[6]

Sister cities

Divisions

Piaçaguera

Piaçaguera is a location within the city of Cubatão in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The Rodovia Cônego Domênico Rangoni highway, formerly known as the Piaçaguera-Guarujá highway, starts there. It connects the Via Anchieta to Guarujá, crossing the Bertioga canal. It is there that the climb through the Serra do Mar escarpment begins by way of the Santos-Jundiaí railway line.

"Piaçaguera" is a term from the Tupi language that means "old port" by way of the conjunction of the two words "peasaba" ("port") and "ûera" ("velho").[20]

Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo.[21] In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).[22]

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/cubatao/panorama IBGE 2020
  2. Web site: Lei Complementar nº 815, de 30 de julho de 1996. www.al.sp.gov.br.
  3. Web site: IBGE | Portal do IBGE | IBGE. www.ibge.gov.br.
  4. Web site: Municípios Paulistas. 2024-06-26. www.al.sp.gov.br. Portuguese.
  5. News: Upi . 1984-03-26 . DEATH TOLL IN BRAZILIAN FIRE IS NOW PUT AT 508 . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-05-11 . 0362-4331.
  6. Web site: A la Carte – Cubatao Lyrics.
  7. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 907, DE 09/04/1972 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 907, FROM 1972-4-9 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529023830/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1972/L0907.htm . 29 May 2015 .
  8. Web site: Um monumento à amizade (2) . Novo Milênio Electronic Journal . A monument to friendship (2) . pt . 28 May 2015.
  9. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.594, DE 18/06/1986 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,594, FROM 1986-6-18 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529044104/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1986/L1594.htm . 29 May 2015 .
  10. Web site: Um monumento à amizade (2) . Novo Milênio Electronic Journal . A monument to friendship (2) . pt . 28 May 2015.
  11. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.976, DE 03/10/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,976, FROM 1991-10-3 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529030430/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L1976.htm . 29 May 2015 .
  12. Web site: Um monumento à amizade (2) . Novo Milênio Electronic Journal . A monument to friendship (2) . pt . 29 May 2015.
  13. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.993, DE 07/11/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,993, FROM 1991-11-7 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529031225/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L1993.htm . 29 May 2015 .
  14. Web site: Um monumento à amizade (2) . Novo Milênio Electronic Journal . A monument to friendship (2) . pt . 28 May 2015.
  15. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.002, DE 18/11/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,002, FROM 1991-11-18 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174536/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L2002.htm . 3 March 2016 .
  16. Web site: Um monumento à amizade (2) . Novo Milênio Electronic Journal . A monument to friendship (2) . pt . 28 May 2015.
  17. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.086, DE 17/09/1992 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,086, FROM 1992-9-17 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529024014/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1992/L2086.htm . 29 May 2015 .
  18. Web site: Um monumento à amizade (2) . Novo Milênio Electronic Journal . A monument to friendship (2) . pt . 28 May 2015.
  19. Web site: LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 3.047, DE 26/12/2005 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal . Cubatão Municipal Council . MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 3,047, FROM 2005-12-26 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation . pt . 28 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529030813/http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/2005/L3047.htm . 29 May 2015 .
  20. [Eduardo de Almeida Navarro|Navarro, E. A.]
  21. Web site: Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973. 2024-05-26. www.imprensaoficial.com.br. Portuguese.
  22. Web site: Our History - Telefônica RI. 2024-05-26. Telefônica.

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