| Cuban cactus scrub | |
| Map: | File:Ecoregion NT1306.png |
| Country: | Cuba |
| Region Type: | States/Provinces |
| Bird Species: | 244[1] |
| Mammal Species: | 32 |
| Habitat Loss: | 23 |
| Protected: | 28.31 |
| Area: | 3300 |
| Biome: | Deserts and xeric shrublands |
| Conservation: | Vulnerable |
The Cuban cactus scrub is a xeric shrubland ecoregion that occupies 3300km2 on the leeward coast of Cuba. Most of it occurs in the southeastern part of the island in the provinces of Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba. The ecoregion receives less than 800mm of rainfall annually. The principal soils are coastal rendzinas that were derived from coralline limestone. Cuban cactus scrub contains four vegetation zones: xerophytic coastal and subcoastal scrubland, coastal thorny semidesert, coastal sclerophyllous scrubland, and rocky coastal scrublands.
Vegetation in the xerophytic coastal and subcoastal scrublands reaches a height of 6m (20feet) and is dominated by palms and succulents, especially cacti. Common evergreen plants include Spanish; Castilian: cafecillo (Bourreria virgata), Spanish; Castilian: mostacilla (Capparis cynophallophora), Spanish; Castilian: guairaje (Eugenia foetida), Bursera glauca, B. cubana, Croton spp., Cordia spp., Calliandra colletioides, Caesalpinia spp., Acacia spp., Phyllostylon brasiliense, Pseudosamanea cubana and Spanish; Castilian: guayacán negro (Guaiacum officinale). Spanish; Castilian: Tuna (Opuntia stricta), O. militaris, Spanish; Castilian: pitahaya (Harrisia eriophora), Spanish; Castilian: jijira (H. taetra), Spanish; Castilian: miramar (Pilosocereus polygonus), Spanish; Castilian: aguacate cimarrón (Dendrocereus nudiflorus), Spanish; Castilian: maguey (Agave spp.), Spanish; Castilian: erizo (Melocactus spp.) and Leptocereus spp. are typical succulents.
Coastal thorny semidesert is similar to xerophytic coastal and subcoastal scrubland in that they both have the same succulent composition and reach a height of 6m (20feet). However, succulents represent a smaller proportion of the plant life in this zone. Other plant species include Spanish; Castilian: vomitel colorado (Cordia sebestena), Spanish; Castilian: manzanillo (Hippomane mancinella) and Spanish; Castilian: lirio de costa (Plumeria filifolia).
The vegetation in this zone is sclerophyllous, meaning that their leaves are hard. It reaches a height of 3m (10feet) with emergent trees up to 5-. This zone represents the transition between xeric shrublands and moister dry forests. Plant life includes Spanish; Castilian: yana (Picrodendron baccatum), Spanish; Castilian: carne de doncella (Maytenus buxifolia), Spanish; Castilian: yamaguey de loma (Pictetia spinosa), Spanish; Castilian: granadillo (Brya ebenus) and Spanish; Castilian: ébano (Diospyros grisebachii).
The most sparse and stunted vegetation is found in this zone, which occurs adjacent to the ocean on karstic soil. The flora is tolerant of wind and salt spray, and includes Spanish; Castilian: romero de playa (Borrichia arborescens), Spanish; Castilian: incienso de playa (Tournefortia gnaphalodes), and Spanish; Castilian: verdolaga de playa (Sesuvium maritimum).
Birds of the cactus scrub include the Zapata sparrow (Torreornis inexpectata sigmani), Cuban vireo (Vireo gundlachii), Cuban gnatcatcher (Polioptila lembeyei), and Oriente warbler (Teretistris fornsi). The yellow-striped pygmy eleuth (Eleutherodactylus limbatus) is a species of frog endemic to this ecoregion, while several anole species and the Cuban rock iguana (Cyclura nubila nubila) are endemic lizards.