Wandering spider explained
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.[1] They are highly defensive[2] and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri.[3] Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known,[4] so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
General
See main article: List of Ctenidae species., the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[5]
- Acantheis Thorell, 1891 — Asia
- Acanthoctenus Keyserling, 1877 — South America, Central America, Jamaica, Mexico
- Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 — Africa, India
- Afroneutria Polotow & Jocqué, 2015 — Africa
- Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray, 2001 — Asia, Australia
- Amicactenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Africa
- Anahita Karsch, 1879 — Africa, Asia, United States
- Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 — South America, Honduras
- Apolania Simon, 1898 — Seychelles
- Arctenus Polotow & Jocqué, 2014 — Kenya
- Asthenoctenus Simon, 1897 — South America
- Bengalla Gray & Thompson, 2001 — Australia
- Bulboctenus Pereira, Labarque & Polotow, 2020 — Brazil
- Califorctenus Jiménez, Berrian, Polotow & Palacios-Cardiel, 2017
- Caloctenus Keyserling, 1877 — Ethiopia, South America
- Celaetycheus Simon, 1897 — Brazil
- Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929 — South America
- Chococtenus Dupérré, 2015 — Ecuador, Colombia
- Ciba Bloom, Binford, Esposito, Alayón, Peterson, Nishida, Loubet-Senear & Agnarsson, 2014 — Cuba, Dominican Republic
- Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 — Africa, South America, Oceania, Central America, Asia, North America, Caribbean
- Diallomus Simon, 1897 — Sri Lanka
- Enoploctenus Simon, 1897 — South America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Gephyroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1936 — Brazil, Peru
- Isoctenus Bertkau, 1880 — Brazil, Argentina
- Janusia Gray, 1973 — Australia
- Kiekie Polotow & Brescovit, 2018 — Colombia, Central America, Mexico
- Leptoctenus L. Koch, 1878 — Australia, North America, Panama
- Macroctenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
- Mahafalytenus Silva-Dávila, 2007 — Madagascar
- Montescueia Carcavallo & Martínez, 1961 — Argentina
- Nimbanahita Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
- Nothroctenus Badcock, 1932 — Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
- Ohvida Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — Cuba
- Parabatinga Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — South America
- Perictenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
- Petaloctenus Jocqué & Steyn, 1997 — Africa
- Phoneutria Perty, 1833 — South America
- Phymatoctenus Simon, 1897 — Brazil, Guyana, Costa Rica
- Piloctenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea, Togo, Ivory Coast
- Sinoctenus Marusik, Zhang & Omelko, 2012
- Spinoctenus Hazzi, Polotow, Brescovit, González-Obando & Simó, 2018
- Thoriosa Simon, 1910 — São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Equatorial Guinea
- Toca Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — Brazil
- Trogloctenus Lessert, 1935 — Congo
- Trujillina Bryant, 1948 — Caribbean
- Tuticanus Simon, 1897 — Ecuador, Peru
- Viracucha Lehtinen, 1967 — South America
- Wiedenmeyeria Schenkel, 1953 — Venezuela
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Book: McGavin, George C.. Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods. Dorling Kindersley Ltd.. 2002. New York. 230. 0-7894-9392-6.
- Book: Wolfgang . Bücherl . Eleanor E. . Buckley . Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Invertebrates . 2013 . Elsevier. 978-1-4832-6289-5 . 237.
- de Araujo Lira . André Felipe . May 26, 2000 . Predation of Dendropsophus branneri (Cochran, 1948) (Anura: Hylidae) by wandering spider (Araneae: Ctenidae) in an Atlantic forest remnant . Herpetology Notes . 13 . 421–424 . Biotaxa.
- Okamoto . et al.. 2009. Ctenus medius and Phoneutria nigriventer spiders venoms share noxious proinflammatory activities. J. Med. Entomol.. 46. 1. 58–66. 10.1603/033.046.0108. 19198518. 33154932. free.
- Web site: Family: Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877. 2012-07-08. World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern.
