Cryomonadida Explained

Cryomonadida is a group of heterotrophic Rhizaria, that belong to the Cercozoa.^[1]

Characteristics

Members of the Cryomonadida are single-celled organisms that are surrounded by a shell comprising layers of organic material. They possess two unequally long flagella, and a single nucleus with a distinct nucleolus. They have a laterally located cytostome, from which pseudopodia arise.

Systematics

The order Cryomonadida was erected in 1993 for the genus Cryothecomonas. In 2005, Sina Adl et al. did not include the order in their classification, but placed the genus incertae sedis among the Cercozoa.^[2] It became clear, however, that other genera, and taxa known only from environmental DNA, belonged in this group, and so in 2008 Jan Pawlowski placed the Cryomonadida as part of the core Cercozoa.^[3]

Within the Cercozoa, the sister taxon to Cryomonadida is Ebriacea; Pseudodifflugia is also closely related.^[4]

The following genera are included:

• Family Rhogostomidae Dumack et al. 2017
  • Sacciforma Dumack et al. 2017
  • Capsellina Penard 1909
  • Rhogostoma Belar 1921 (previously misidentified as Lecythium)^{[4] [5]}
• Family Protaspidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Cryothecomonadidae <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small>]
  • Cryothecomonas Thomsen et al. 1991
  • Protaspa Cavalier-Smith 2011 [''[[Protaspis]] Skuja 1939 non Bryant 1933]^[4]
  • Sinistermonas Lee 2015

Notes and References

1. Thomas Cavalier-Smith . Ema E.-Y. Chao . Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa) . . 154 . 3–4 . 341–358 . 2003 . 14658494 . 10.1078/143446103322454112.
2. Sina M. Adl . Alastair G. B. Simpson . Mark A. Farmer . Robert A. Andersen . O. Roger Anderson . 2005 . The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists . . 52 . 5 . 399–451 . 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x . 16248873. etal. free .
3. Jan Pawlowsk . 2008 . The twilight of Sarcodina: a molecular perspective on the polyphyletic origin of amoeboid protists . . 5 . 4 . 281–302 .
4. Mona Hoppenrath . Brian S. Leander . 2006 . Ebriid phylogeny and the expansion of the Cercozoa . . 157 . 3 . 279–290 . 10.1016/j.protis.2006.03.002 . 16730229 .
5. Adl, S.M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, https://web.archive.org/web/20131216183506/http://www.paru.cas.cz/docs/documents/93-Adl-JEM-2012.pdf.