Croton-on-Hudson, New York explained

Croton-on-Hudson, New York
Official Name:	Village of Croton-on-Hudson
Settlement Type:	Village
Coordinates:	41.2042°N -73.8861°W
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Name:	United States
Subdivision Type1:	State
Subdivision Type2:	County
Subdivision Name1:	New York
Subdivision Name2:	Westchester
Subdivision Type3:	Town
Subdivision Name3:	Cortlandt
Leader Title:	Mayor
Leader Name:	Brian Pugh (D)
Unit Pref:	Imperial
Area Footnotes:	^[1]
Area Total Sq Mi:	10.75
Area Land Sq Mi:	4.69
Area Water Sq Mi:	6.06
Elevation Ft:	164
Population Total:	8327
Population As Of:	2020
Population Density Km2:	685.03
Population Density Sq Mi:	1774.34
Population Blank1 Title:	Demonym
Population Blank1:	Crotonite
Postal Code Type:	ZIP codes
Postal Code:	10520-10521
Area Code:	914
Website:	www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
Timezone:	Eastern (EST)
Utc Offset:	-5
Timezone Dst:	EDT
Utc Offset Dst:	-4
Blank Name:	FIPS code
Blank Info:	36-19213
Blank1 Name:	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:	0947832
Area Total Km2:	27.85
Area Land Km2:	12.16
Area Water Km2:	15.70

Croton-on-Hudson is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 8,327 at the 2020 United States census over 8,070 at the 2010 census.^[2] It is located in the town of Cortlandt as part of New York City's northern suburbs. The village was incorporated in 1898.

History

People lived from at latest about 7000 BC^[3] in what would become the village.^[4] The Kitchawanc tribe, part of the Wappinger Confederacy of the Algonquian peoples, signed a peace treaty with the newly arriving Dutch people at Croton Point in 1645, now commemorated by a plaque in the park there.

Stephanus van Cortlandt began acquiring land in the area in 1677 (the year he became mayor of New York City) to create a manor. It was granted by royal patent in 1697 as the Manor of Cortlandt, including the area known as Croton Landing where the Croton River meets the Hudson River, where the manor house was built. A 1718 census reports 91 inhabitants including Dutch settlers and English Quakers. People worked the manor primarily as farmers or millers.In the mid- to late 1800s first the Croton Dam, then the New Croton Dam, and the Croton Aqueduct were built on the Croton River to supply New York City, along with the New York Central Railroad station on the Hudson River. Many Irish, Italian and German immigrants moved to the area to work on those projects, increasing the population dramatically. By 1898, when the Village incorporated, the population was 1,000 people, growing to 1,700 people in the early 1900s.

In 1846 work began on a Hudson River rail line from Poughkeepsie to New York City. Clifford Harmon, a realtor, purchased 550 acres of land next to the village of Croton in 1903. He gave part of the land to the New York Central Railroad to build a train station, on the condition that the station would forever be named after him. Today it is called the Croton-Harmon station of the Metro-North Railroad and of Amtrak.^[5] In 1906, the station became a major service facility for the railroad. The station expanded even further in 1913, when it became the stop at which electric trains from New York City switched to steam engines.^[6] The station still serves this purpose, but for diesel locomotives instead of steam engines.

Harmon thrived as an artist's colony alongside the village, while the neighboring Mount Airy community evolved from Quakers to Greenwich Village artists and writers by the early 1900s. Mount Airy was home to many early members of the American Communist Party.^[7] In 1932 Harmon and most of Mount Airy were incorporated into the village.

Geography

Croton-on-Hudson is located at (41.204228, -73.886177)^[8] on the shores of the Hudson River. The zip codes are 10520 and 10521.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 10.8sqmi, of which 4.8sqmi is land and 6.1sqmi, or 56.06%, is water.

Demographics

As of the census^[9] of 2000, there were 7,606 people, 2,798 households, and 2,050 families residing in the village. The population density was 1601.7PD/sqmi. There were 2,859 housing units at an average density of 602.1/sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 91.5% white, 1.9% African American, 0.26% Native American, 2.06% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.58% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.93% of the population.

There were 2,798 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $150,260, and the median income for a family was $250,000+.

Government and politics

As of the regular 2017 elections^[10]

• Mayor: Brian Pugh
• Trustees: Sherry Horowitz, Amy Attias, Ann Gallelli

Economy

Croton-on-Hudson's economy has historically thrived on the Metro North train station that up until the early 1980s served as the point at which northbound trains would exchange their electric engines for other modes of conveyance.^{[11] [12]} During those days, the train station and its super-adjacent area was known as Harmon. Because maintenance of diesel and steam engines was then very labor-intensive, there were many workers whose needs were served by abundant service businesses, such as restaurants and bars. Because of the separate development of both the Harmon and the Mt. Airy communities, there were originally two commercial districts—one centered on Grand Street, and the other in Harmon—though in recent years the two have merged into a single sprawling commercial district. There is also a North Riverside commercial district serving communities along Riverside Drive, Brook Street, Grand Street, and Bank Street.

After the New York Central Railroad folded into Penn Central in 1968, Croton-on-Hudson's economy slowly stagnated. Although Croton-Harmon station still served as the main transfer point northbound between local and express trains, the laborers who had earlier fueled a bustling service economy were no longer present in Harmon. The exodus of labor during the early 1970s was compounded by the stagflation that was a result of higher oil prices and skyrocketing interest rates.

There has been an ongoing effort since the early 1990s to develop the riverfront for recreational use. Among the accomplishments are a pedestrian bridge spanning U.S. Route 9 and NY 9A between the lower village and Senasqua Park, the Crossining pedestrian footbridge across the Croton River, the bicycle trail extensions around Half Moon Bay Condominiums, rehabilitation of the "Picture Tunnel" (repaving and closing it to cars), and acquisition and clearing of the Croton Landing property. In addition, Croton Point Park is also along the riverfront.^[13]

Transportation

The town is a stop for Amtrak's Empire Service, Adirondack, Maple Leaf, Ethan Allen Express, and Lake Shore Limited routes, as well the MTA's Metro-North Hudson Line service, both at the Croton-Harmon station. Metro-North's main shops and yards are also located here.

Croton-on-Hudson is served by US 9, NY 9A, and NY 129.

Culture

Croton Point Park hosts Clearwater's Great Hudson River Revival, a yearly folk music, art and environmental festival.

Croton-on-Hudson has an annual event called the Summerfest. Every year the central business district (with corners at the municipal building, Grand Street fire house and Croton-Harmon High School) is closed to automobile traffic for music, American food, local fund raisers, traveling, and local artists.

Since 1981 Croton-on-Hudson has been the home of the annual Harry Chapin Run Against Hunger, a 10k race and Fun Run, held on a Sunday afternoon in October.^{[14] [15]}

Every weekend in October, people visit Van Cortlandt Manor to see the Blaze. Started in 2005, the Blaze consists of thousands of pumpkins which are hollowed out by volunteers but carved by a creative team.^[16]

The Asbury United Methodist Church and Bethel Chapel and Cemetery, Croton North Railroad Station, and St. Augustine's Episcopal Church Complex are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Van Cortlandt Manor is listed as a National Historic Landmark.

From the 1910s to the 1960s, Croton was a popular location for the summer homes of American communists, socialists and other radicals and many important artists and writers. This gave the Mt. Airy area in Croton the nickname "Red Hill"^[17]

Croton-on-Hudson is the original home of the Hudson Institute, a key Cold War think tank where the "Mutual Assured Destruction" strategy for nuclear war deterrence was developed.

The village is home to one of a handful operating "dummy lights" in the United States, located downtown at the intersection of Old Post Road South and Grand Street. It is a traffic signal on a pedestal which sits in the middle of an intersection, dating back to the 1920s. Another active dummy light located in New York State is at Beacon.^[18] The one in Canajoharie was removed in 2021.^{[19] [20] [21]}

Religious organizations

• Asbury United Methodist Church - a Methodist church
• Briarcliff, Ossining, Croton Unitarian Universalist Fellowship - a Unitarian Universalist location
• Community Bible Church - a non-denominational church located near the Teatown area
• Emin Society - Croton-on-Hudson is the North East American base
• Holy Name of Mary - a Catholic church
• Our Saviour Lutheran - a Lutheran church
• St. Augustine's - an Episcopal church
• Temple Israel of Northern Westchester - a Reform Judaism temple
• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has a local congregation located near the Teatown area

Recreation

Parks and sites of interest in the community include:

• Croton Dam on the Croton River overlooks the New Croton Reservoir that it creates (outside the village limits in the Town of Cortlandt).
• Croton Point Park is a 508-acre county park on a large peninsula in the Tappan Zee segment of the Hudson River.
• Van Cortlandt Manor is a National Historic Landmark established at the mouth of the Croton River at the Hudson River on the Tappan Zee.
• Teatown Lake Reservation, a 1000-acre preserve and conservation center (outside the village limits within the towns of Yorktown and Cortlandt).
• Jane E. Lytle Memorial Croton Arboretum^[22] conserves over 20 acres of wetlands and woods.
• Brinton Brook Sanctuary^[23] is Saw Mill River Audubon's largest sanctuary, covering 156 acres and offering over three miles of hiking trails through a variety of habitats.
• Croton Landing Park is a 12.2 acre park containing a 2/3 mile scenic walkway along the Hudson River. The walkway ends at a 9/11 memorial built around a beam from the World Trade Center.^[24]
• Senasqua Park is a 4.6 acre Hudson River waterfront park containing a sailing school and playground, with walkways to Croton Point and Croton Landing Park.^[24]
• Silver Lake Park is a 13.5 acre park with a beach along the Croton River with trails to Carrie E. Tompkins elementary school (CET) and the north tip of Cleveland Drive.^[24]
• Black Rock Park is a 10.5 acre park on the Croton River, near New York State Route 129 (NY 129), within a mile or so of the Croton Dam, used mostly for fly fishing and picnics. It is within 100 yards of a historic bridge which dates from the 1800s on Quaker Hill Road.^[24]
• Mayo's Landing is a 1.1 acre park along the Croton River.^[24]
• Paradise Island Park is a 22.2 acre undeveloped island in the Croton River.^[24]

Notable people

• Alan Abelson, financial writer for Barron's
• Guy Adami
• Manny Albam, composer, arranger, RCA and Solid State Records
• Frances E. Allen, computer scientist, seminal work in compilers, program optimization, and parallel computing^[25]
• Kristen Anderson-Lopez, American film and stage lyricist
• Nenad Bach
• Isabel Chapin Barrows, physician, ophthalmologist, professor, congressional stenographer  - many "first woman as" achievements ^[26]
• Helen Purdy Beale, "mother of plant virology and serology", inventor of standard serology tools used in scientific research and medical diagnosis ^{[27] [28]}
• Charles H. Bennett
• George Biddle
• Ramon Bloomberg, artist and music video director
• Louise Bryant
• Alexander Calder, artist
• Isadora Duncan, ballet dancer
• Crystal Eastman
• Max Eastman
• Irving Fierstein, American impressionist painter and designer^[29]
• Carl Folta, Viacom executive
• Allen Funt
• William Gaddis
• Josh Greenfeld
• Hananiah Harari, American modernist painter and illustrator
• Mary Hamilton, activist
• Robb Hanrahan
• Lorraine Hansberry, playwright and author
• Lee Elhardt Hays
• Lawrence R. Jacobs, American political scientist
• Joseph Heller
• Sally Jacobsen, first woman as international editor of the Associated Press^[30]
• Stephen Jardine
• Herman Kahn
• Roger Kahn, author of The Boys of Summer
• Ira Kaplan, songwriter and lead guitarist for Yo La Tengo
• Herbert Keppler
• Scott Levine, astronomy author and communicator known for his work with BBC Sky at Night Magazine,^[31] Sky and Telescope,^[32] EarthSky^[33] and other outlets.
• Jeff McCarthy
• Audra McDonald^[34]
• John Mearsheimer
• Richard Merkin, American painter and illustrator^[35]
• Edna St. Vincent Millay
• Ward Morehouse
• Jessye Norman
• Elmar Oliveira^[36]
• Jerry Pinkney, a Caldecott award-winning children's book illustrator
• John Silas Reed
• Michael Robinson (rabbi), activist for civil rights and human rights
• Darlene Rodriguez
• Edward Rondthaler
• Thomas Secunda, co-founder and vice-chairman of Bloomberg L.P.
• Gordon Sheer
• Upton Sinclair, author
• Nicholas Springer^[37]
• Peter Strauss
• Gloria Swanson, motion picture actress
• Hannah Tompkins, American painter and illustrator^[38]
• Joe Vasta
• William Pulleyblank
• Donald Wallance^[39]

In film and television

Films shot in Croton-on-Hudson include:^[40]

• Daylight: In the opening sequence, the trucks that end up destroying the tunnel drive through Croton-on-Hudson (the steps of the New Croton Dam are visible) and several other towns in Westchester County, New York^[41]
• Guess What We Learned in School Today?^[42]  - Mentioned in "Big Day Coming: Yo La Tengo and the Rise of Indie Rock"^[43]
• Reds: The main characters were supposed to be in Croton-on-Hudson, but their cottage there was actually filmed in England.^[44]
• Shriek of the Mutilated (1974) (alternate titles: Mutilated, Scream of the Snowbeast)^[45]
• Ganja & Hess^[46]
• Tenderness^[47]
• The Toxic Avenger Part II^[48]
• War of the Worlds: Shot at Croton Point.^[49]
• 30 Rock: The episode "Retreat to Move Forward" from the third season was set in Croton-on-Hudson. The episode features the catchphrase 'what happens in Croton-on-Hudson stays in Croton-on-Hudson.'
• Madam Secretary 2016, filmed on the Croton River just below Quaker Bridge
• An Episode of the NBC series Kings was shot at the Croton Dam. The waterfall and bridge leading to Croton Gorge Park are clearly visible and utilized in multiple scenes.
• General Hospital: A story starting in 2018 involving Sonny Corinthos' start in the mafia involves a him burying a former mob boss in Croton in the 1980s.
• Scenes for the film Gods Behaving Badly were shot at Croton Point Park in 2011.
• Was incorrectly referenced as "Croton on the Hudson" in Mad About You, an American situation comedy.
• The Croton Reservoir was referenced in the American cartoon UnderDog (1964–1973), and the episode was the one where Simon Bar-Sinister is attempting to steal the world's water.
• The Croton-Harmon Station is used as set of one scene of the 2017 movie You Were Never Really Here.

See also

• Mount Airy, New York

External links

• • • Village of Croton-on-Hudson official website
  • Friends of Croton History, Croton Friends of History, a local historical society that offers programs and shares research both online and at local library

Notes and References

1. Web site: ArcGIS REST Services Directory. United States Census Bureau. September 20, 2022.
2. Web site: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Croton-on-Hudson village, Westchester County, New York . . November 16, 2011 .
3. Brennan . L. A. . The Lower Hudson: A Decade of Shell Middens . 1 . 40897731 . Archaeology of Eastern North America . 2 . 81–93 . Spring 1974.
4. Web site: About Croton-on-Hudson . Village of Croton-on-Hudson . July 3, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220218/http://www.crotononhudson-ny.gov/Public_Documents/CrotonHudsonNY_WebDocs/CrotonHistory . July 3, 2018 . dead .
5. Book: Panetta . Roger . Westchester: the American Suburb . Chapter 1: Westchester, the American Suburb: A New Narrative . Roger Panetta . Fordham University Press . 2006 . New York, New York . 42–43 . 0-8232-2593-3.
6. Book: Williams . Gray . Picturing Our Past: National Register Sides in Westchester County . Suburban Westchester . Elizabeth G. Fuller . Katherine M. Hite . Westchester County Historical Society . 2003 . Elmsford, New York . 382–383 . 0-915585-14-6.
7. http://www.guidemehome2westchester.com/2010/2/8/mount-airy-road-reds-on-hudson Mount Airy Road: Reds-on-Hudson (Houlihan Lawrence)
8. Web site: US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990. United States Census Bureau. April 23, 2011. February 12, 2011.
9. Web site: U.S. Census website . . January 31, 2008 .
10. Web site: Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY - Village Board of Trustees . May 5, 2009 . Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY Virtual Town Hall . Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY .
11. Book: Lynch, Peter E. . Penn Central Railroad . Voyageur Press . 2004 . 40 . 978-0-7603-1763-1 .
12. Book: Solomon, Brian . 2003 . Electric Locomotives . MBI . 19; 24 . 978-0760313596 .
13. http://parks.westchestergov.com/croton-point-park "Croton Point Park." Westchester County. Westchester.gov, 30 Sept. 2013. Web. 06 May 2014.
14. "Harry Chapin Memorial Run Against Hunger". Hudson Valley Gateway Chamber of Commerce. hvgatewaychamber.org. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
15. "Harry Chapin Memorial Run/Walk Against Hunger". runagainsthunger.com. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
16. Web site: Glenza. Jessica. Blaze Becomes Biggest Halloween Event in HV. September 25, 2011 . The Rivertowns Daily Voice. July 26, 2012.
17. Chambers, Whittaker, "Witness" (1952). pp. 240-241 of the 50th Anniversary Edition published by Regnery.
18. https://www.crotonfriendsofhistory.org/dummy-forever Croton Friends of History, A Dummy Forever!, Carl Oechsner (edited by Gretchen Bock)
19. Web site: The Dummy Light on Church Street in Canajoharie New York is one the last of its kind. . April 15, 2023 . September 1, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080901010117/http://www.canpal.org/dummy.htm . September 1, 2008 .
20. https://leaderherald.com/gloversville-local-news-johnstown-local-news/local-news/2023/03/dievendorf-takes-canajoharie-mayors-race-ticket-sweeps-with-video/ The Leader-Herald, Dievendorf takes Canajoharie mayor’s race, ticket sweeps, Tyler A. McNeil, March 22, 2023
21. https://www.recordernews.com/news/local-news/203892 The Recorder, Village of Canajoharie to permanently move historic dummy light out of Wagner Square, Shenandoah Briere, August 10, 2022
22. Web site: Croton Arbotetum - News. www.crotonarboretum.org.
23. Web site: Brinton Brook Sanctuary – Saw Mill River Audubon.
24. Web site: Village of Croton-on-Hudson Comprehensive Plan Update . July 10, 2017 . February 22, 2019 . February 23, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131605/https://www.crotononhudson-ny.gov/sites/crotononhudsonny/files/uploads/coh_mp_2017_071017_-_final_-_full.pdf . dead .
25. Web site: IBM Fellow becomes first woman to receive A. M. Turing Award . . September 28, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070306034423/http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ideasfromibm/us/award/index.html . March 6, 2007 . bot: unknown ., IBM Corporation.
26. Two Pioneer 19th-Century Women Who Breached Ophthalmology's Glass Ceiling . . . 2015 . 122 . 6 . 1067–69 . 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.11.020. 26008907 .
27. Book: Scholthof. Karen‐Beth G.. Peterson. Paul D.. Adv. Appl. Microbiol.. 2006. 9780120026616. 59. 221–241. 10.1016/S0065-2164(06)59008-2. 16829261. Advances in Applied Microbiology Volume 59. Advances in Applied Microbiology.
28. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/9720/bot_Littler2005i.pdf Scholthof, K.-B. G., & Peterson, P.D. (2005). Helen Purdy Beale: The mother of plant virology (and serology).
29. Croton-Cortlandt News, Croton-on-Hudson, NY, December 17, 1970
30. News: Charles J.. Hanley . Sally Jacobsen, AP's first female international editor, dies . . May 12, 2017 . June 8, 2017.
31. Web site: Scott Levine at BBC Sky at Night.
32. Web site: Scott Levine at Sky & Telescope.
33. Web site: Scott Levine at EarthSky.
34. Web site: Croton's Audra McDonald seeks fifth Tony Award. https://archive.today/20130130054837/http://newyork.newsday.com/entertainment/theater/croton-s-audra-mcdonald-seeks-fifth-tony-award-1.3765691. dead. January 30, 2013. July 2, 2012.
35. News: Richard Merkin, Painter, Illustrator and Fashion Plate, Dies at 70. The New York Times . September 12, 2009 . December 16, 2014 . Grimes . William .
36. News: Croton Violinist in Solo Concert. May 22, 2012. The New York Times. Roberta. Hershenson. January 16, 2000.
37. News: A Normal Teenager Lives the 'New Normal' . The New York Times . September 14, 2003 . February 11, 2012 . Kenny . Alice .
38. Croton Cortlandt News, January 16, 1964
39. News: Don Wallance, 80, Designer of Furniture. September 30, 2012. The New York Times. May 28, 1990.
40. Web site: Titles with locations including Croton-on-Hudson, New York, USA . May 5, 2009 . Internet Movie Database . IMDb.com, Inc. .
41. Web site: Daylight (1996) - Filming Locations . May 5, 2009 . Internet Movie Database . IMDb.com, Inc. .
42. Web site: Guess What We Learned in School Today? (1970) . November 7, 2013 . Internet Movie Database . IMDb.com, Inc. .
43. Book: Big Day Coming: Yo La Tengo and the Rise of Indie Rock. November 7, 2013. Big Day Coming: Yo la Tengo and the Rise of Indie Rock. 9781101588680. Jarnow. Jesse. June 5, 2012.
44. News: Marc . Myers . The Story Of 'Reds' and the Reed House . January 3, 1982 . The New York Times . April 29, 2008 .
45. Web site: Shriek of the Mutilated (1974) . April 29, 2008 . Internet Movie Database . IMDb.com, Inc. .
46. Web site: Ganja & Hess (1973) . April 19, 2017 . Internet Movie Database . IMDb.com, Inc. .
47. Web site: On the Set with a Little More "Tenderness" in Croton . April 29, 2008 . June 28, 2006 . Crotonblog . Front Burner Publishing, Inc .
48. Web site: The Toxic Avenger, Part II (1989) . April 29, 2008 . Internet Movie Database . IMDb.com, Inc. .
49. News: Harry . Knowles . Spy Report from the wooded set of WAR OF THE WORLDS! . December 23, 2004 . Ain't It Cool, Inc. . Ain't It Cool News . April 29, 2008 .