Styphelia Explained
Styphelia is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia.[1] Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the petals rolled back with hairs in the inside of the tube.
Description
Plants in the genus Styphelia are usually erect or spreading shrubs that have egg-shaped, elliptical or oblong, more or less sessile leaves with many fine, almost parallel veins and a sharp point on the tip. The flowers are usually arranged singly in leaf axils with small bracts grading to larger bracteoles at the base and five, usually coloured sepals. The petals are fused to form a cylindrical tube with their tips rolled back. The inside of the petal tube is hairy and the five stamens and thread-like style extend beyond the end of the tube. The fruit is a drupe with a dry or slightly fleshy mesocarp and a hard endocarp.[2] [3] [4]
Taxonomy and naming
The genus Styphelia was first formally described in 1793 by James Edward Smith in his book A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland.[5] [6] The name Styphelia is from an ancient Greek word meaning "tough" or "harsh", referring to the "stiff, prickly leaves and general habit" of the genus.[7]
Species list
The following is a list of species of Styphelia accepted by Plants of the World Online as at October 2022:[1]
- Styphelia abnormis (Sond.) F.Muell. (Northern Borneo to New Guinea)
- Styphelia abscondita J.J.Sm. (New Guinea)
- Styphelia acervata (Hislop & A.J.G.Wilson) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia acuminata (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.T.)
- Styphelia adscendens R.Br. - golden heath (N.S.W., S.A., Vic., Tas.)
- Styphelia allittii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia angustiflora Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia angustifolia DC. (N.S.W.)
- Styphelia appressa (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Styphelia attenuata (A.Cunn.) F.Muell. – grey beard-heath (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Styphelia balansae Virot (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia biflora (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Styphelia blakei Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.)
- Styphelia blepharolepis F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia brevicuspis (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia breviflora (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia capillaris Hislop & Puente-Lel. – Horts' styphelia (W.A.)
- Styphelia cernua Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia chlorantha Hislop & A.J.G.Wilson (W.A.)
- Styphelia ciliosa Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia clelandii (Cheel) J.H.Willis – Cleland's bearded-heath (S.A., Vic.)
- Styphelia coelophylla (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia cognata A.R.Bean (Qld.)
- Styphelia compacta (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.)
- Styphelia conchifolia (Strid) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia concinna (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia conferta (Benth.) F.Muell. – Torrington beard-heath (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia conostephioides (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia cordifolia (Lindl.) F.Muell. – heart-leaved beard-heath (N.S.W., S.A., Vic., W.A.)
- Styphelia corynocarpa (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia coryphila (Guillaumin) Sleumer (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia crassiflora F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia crassifolia (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. (Qld.)
- Styphelia cymbiformis (A.Cunn. ex DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia cymbulae (Labill.) Spreng. (Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu)
- Styphelia dammarifolia (Brongn. & Gris) F.Muell. (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia decussata Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia deformis (R.B.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia densifolia Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia deserticola Hislop (W.A.)
- Styphelia dielsiana (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia discolor (Sond.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia disjuncta Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia enervia (Guillaumin) Sleumer (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia epacridis (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia erectifolia Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia ericoides Sm. – pink beard-heath (N.S.W., Qld., S.A., Tas., Vic.)
- Styphelia erubescens F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia esquamata (R.Br.) Spreng. – swamp beard-heath (N.S.W., Qld., Tas., Vic.)
- Styphelia exarrhena (F.Muell.) F.Muell. - desert styphelia (S.A., Vic.)
- Styphelia exolasia F.Muell. – Woronora beard-heath (N.S.W.)
- Styphelia exserta (F.Muell.) Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia filamentosa Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia filifolia Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia flavescens (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia fletcheri (Maiden & Betche) Maiden & Betche (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Styphelia flexifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. (Qld.)
- Styphelia foliosa (Sond.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia forbesii Sleumer (Lesser Sunda Islands)
- Styphelia geniculata Crayn (Qld.)
- Styphelia glaucifolia (W.Fitzg.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia grandiflora (Pedley) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.)
- Styphelia hainesii F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia hamulosa (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia hispida (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia humifusa (Cav.) Pers. – native cranberry, cranberry heath (N.S.W, S.A., Tas., Vic.)
- Styphelia imbricata (R.Br.) Spreng. (Qld.)
- Styphelia inopinata (Hislop) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia insularis (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia intertexta A.S.George (W.A.)
- Styphelia javanica (Zoll. & Moritzi) J.J.Sm. (Java)
- Styphelia kingiana F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia laeta R.Br. (N.S.W.) – five corners
- Styphelia lanata Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia lavarackii (Pedley) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.)
- Styphelia leptantha (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia leptospermoides (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia lissanthoides (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (S.A., W.A.)
- Styphelia longifolia R.Br. – long-leaf styphelia (N.S.W.)
- Styphelia longissima Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia longistylis (Brongn. & Gris) Sleumer (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia lucens A.R.Bean (Qld.)
- Styphelia macrocalyx (Sond.) F.Muell. – Swan berry (W.A.)
- Styphelia macrocarpa (Schltr.) Sleumer (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia malayana (Jack) J.J.Sm. (Borneo, Cambodia, Malaya, Myanmar, New Guinea, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Styphelia margarodes (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia marginata (W.Fitzg.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. – thick-margined leucopogon (W.A.)
- Styphelia melaleucoides F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia microcalyx (Sond.) F.Muell. native cranberry (W.A.)
- Styphelia microdonta (F.Muell. ex Benth) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia mitchellii (Benth.) F.Muell. (Qld.)
- Styphelia multiflora Spreng. (Chatham Island, N.S.W., Vic., W.A.)
- Styphelia mutica (R.Br.) F.Muell. – blunt beard-heath (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia nana (M.I.Dawson & Heenan) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (New Zealand South Island)
- Styphelia neoanglica (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. – New England beard heath (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia nesophila (DC.) Sleumer – sharp beard-heath, pātōtara, dwarf mingimingi (N.S.W., New Zealand, Tasmania, Victoria)
- Styphelia nitens Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia oblongifolia (A.J.G.Wilson & Hislop) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia obtecta (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia pallida (R.Br.) Spreng. – kick bush (W.A.)
- Styphelia pancheri (Brongn. & Gris) F.Muell. (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia pendula (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.)
- Styphelia pentapogona F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia perileuca J.M.Powell - montane green five-corners (N.S.W.)
- Styphelia piliflora Crayn (Qld.)
- Styphelia planifolia (Sond.) Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia pogonocalyx (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia propinqua (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.)
- Styphelia prostrata (R.Br.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia psiloclada J.M.Powell (N.S.W.)
- Styphelia psilopus (Stschegl.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia pubescens (S.Moore) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia quartzitica Hislop (W.A.)
- Styphelia racemulosa (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia rectiloba Hislop (W.A.)
- Styphelia recurvisepala (C.T.White) Sleumer (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia retrorsa Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia rigida (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia riparia (N.A.Wakef.) J.H.Willis (Vic.)
- Styphelia rotundifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.)
- Styphelia rufa (Lindl.) F.Muell. – spoon-leaf beard-heath, ruddy bearded-heath (N.S.W., S.A., Vic.)
- Styphelia rupicola (C.T.White) Sleumer (Qld.)
- Styphelia ruscifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.T., Qld.)
- Styphelia saxicola Hislop (W.A.)
- Styphelia serratifolia (DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia setigera (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Styphelia sieberi (DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. – prickly beard-heath (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
- Styphelia sonderensis (J.H.Willis) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. – Mount Sonder beard-heath (N.T.)
- Styphelia stomarrhena (Sond.) Sleumer – red swamp cranberry (W.A.)
- Styphelia striata (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.)
- Styphelia strongylophylla (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia subulata (F.Muell.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia sulcata Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia tamminensis (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.)
- Styphelia tecta (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A)
- Styphelia tenuiflora Lindl. - common pinheath (W.A.)
- Styphelia tortifolia Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia trichostyla (J.M.Powell) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. – daphne heath (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia triflora Andrews - pink five-corners (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T.)
- Styphelia tubiflora Sm. - red five-corners (N.S.W.)
- Styphelia veillonii Virot (New Caledonia)
- Styphelia viridis Andrews – green five corners (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Styphelia wetarensis J.J.Sm. (Lesser Sunda Island)
- Styphelia williamsiorum Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.)
- Styphelia woodsii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. – nodding beard-heath (S.A., Vic., W.A.)
- Styphelia xerophylla (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Styphelia yorkensis (Pedley) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.)
Distribution
Species of Styphelia occur in all Australian mainland states, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.[8] Other species are found northwards to Indo-China.[1]
Notes and References
- Web site: Styphelia Sm.. . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022-10-21 .
- Web site: Genus Styphelia . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . 3 May 2020.
- Web site: Styphelia . Royal Botanic Gardens, Victoria . 3 May 2020.
- Web site: Styphelia Sm. . FloraBase . 3 May 2020.
- Web site: Styphelia Sm.. APNI. 3 May 2020.
- Book: Smith . James Edward . A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland . 1795 . J. Sowerby . London . 45 . 3 May 2020.
- Book: Francis Aubie Sharr . Francis Aubie Sharr . Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings . 2019 . Four Gables Press . Kardinya, Western Australia . 9780958034180 . 116.
- Web site: Styphelia . Australian Plant Census . 22 October 2022.
