Crocker Mountains Explained

Crocker Mountains
Etymology:William Maunder Crocker[1]
Country:Malaysia
Subdivision1:Sabah
Subdivision2 Type:Region
Subdivision2:West Coast, Interior and Kudat divisions
Subdivision3 Type:Districts
Highest:Mount Kinabalu
Elevation M:4095
Coordinates:5.75°N 146°W
Map:Malaysia

The Crocker Mountains (Malay: Banjaran Crocker) form a range that separates the West Coast and Interior divisions of Sabah, Malaysia. At an average height of 1800m (5,900feet), it is the highest mountain range in the state. It is named after a 19th century British administrator of North Borneo, William Maunder Crocker.[2] [3] [4]

Geology

The mountain range is made up of uplifted and folded sedimentary rocks consisting of weathered soft sandstones and shales.[5] [6] The highest point is Mount Kinabalu at 4095m (13,435feet) .[7] [8] Most of the park boundary lies above 300m (1,000feet) with its lowlands used for cash crops and paddy field.[8] On the eastern side of the mountain range lies the Tambunan Valley at 800m (2,600feet) which is mainly terraced paddy fields, and groves of bamboo border the north-eastern part of the protected park.[8] The park area is important as a water catchment to supply water to various rivers in the west coast and interior districts of Sabah including the Papar River, the Kimanis River, the Bongawan River, the Membakut River, the Padas River and the Melalap River that flow west to the park while the Pegalan River, the Pampang River, the Apin-Apin River, the Tendulu River, the Melalap River, the Liawan River and the Tikalod River flow in the opposite direction.[8]

History

The area surrounding Mount Kinabalu has been a state park since 1964 and was the country's first World Heritage Site.[9] Part of the mountain range has been gazetted for protection as Crocker Range National Park since 1984.[10] Through the Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conservation Programme (BBEC), a technical co-operation existed between the government of Sabah and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to innovate the Community Use Zone (CUZ) concept as a management option to address the issues concerning indigenous communities living and utilising resources within the protected areas.[11] Mount Kinabalu, one of the highest mountains in Southeast Asia, is a part of this mountain range. In 2014, the range was recognised as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, becoming the second Malaysian site to be so designated, after Chini Lake in the state of Pahang on the peninsular side.[12] [13] [14]

Biodiversity

The Crocker Mountains Forest Reserve area has a wide range of floral and faunal diversity and has the highest diversity of nocturnal insects in all the 20 forest reserves surveyed within the Heart of Borneo area in Sabah; it has recorded a number of endemic species.[8] [15] [16]

References

  1. Book: Tamara Thiessen. 2008. Bradt Travel Guide - Borneo. Bradt Travel Guides. 192. 978-1-84162-252-1.
  2. Book: James Blaine Kitzmiller. Anopheline Names: Their Derivations and Histories. 1982. Entomological Society of America. 978-0-938522-17-1. 143.
  3. Book: Frederick Halsey Sheldon. Robert G. Moyle. Jody Kennard. Ornithology of Sabah: history, gazetteer, annotated checklist, and bibliography. 2001. American Ornithologists' Union. 978-1-891276-24-8. 225.
  4. Book: Frédéric Durand. Richard Curtis. Maps of Malaysia and Borneo: Discovery, Statehood and Progress. 28 February 2014. Editions Didier Millet. 978-967-10617-3-2. 180.
  5. Geology of slopes in the Crocker Mountains, Sabah, Malaysia. F. Tongkul. H. Benedick. F. K. Chang. Nepal Geological Society. 2006. 34. 73–80. 34. 10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31881. free.
  6. Book: Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf. Radziah Othman. Che Fauziah Ishak. Soils of Malaysia. 22 September 2017. CRC Press. 978-1-351-99857-4. 56.
  7. Web site: Class VI Virgin Jungle Reserve (VJR) [Infrastructure]]. Government of Sabah. 2 April 2005. 5 July 2019.
  8. Web site: Crocker Mountains [Data Zone MY020]]. BirdLife International. 2003. 27 May 2019.
  9. Crocker Mountains Park: Community Use Zone (CUZ). Yassin Miki. Daring Laban. Nasrulhakim Maidin. Tengku Zainal Adlin. Maklarin Lakim. Sabah Parks. Satoyama Initiative, Ministry of the Environment (Japan). 19 November 2014. 27 May 2019. 11. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527114813/https://satoyama-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/4-WPC-JICA-event-Maklarin.pdf. 27 May 2019. dead.
  10. Web site: Protected Areas of Sabah. Sabah Parks. 27 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527113837/http://www.sabahparks.org.my/index.php/the-parks/protected-areas-of-sabah. 27 May 2019. dead.
  11. Community Use Zone of Crocker Mountains National Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Ludi Apin. Yassin Miki. Sabah Parks. Ministry of the Environment (Japan). 15 November 2013. 27 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527113806/http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/asia-parks/pdf/wg2/APC_WG3-08_Ludi%20Apin.pdf. 27 May 2019. dead.
  12. Web site: Sabah's Crocker Mountains recognised as biosphere reserve by Unesco. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 13 June 2014. 27 May 2019.
  13. Web site: Sabah's Crocker Mountains approved as biosphere reserve under Unesco. Muguntan Vanar. The Star. 17 June 2014. 27 May 2019.
  14. Web site: Crocker Mountains. Man and the Biosphere Programme, UNESCO. 2014. 27 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527121830/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/malaysia/crocker-range/. 27 May 2019. dead.
  15. Diversity and Geographical Ranges of Insects in Crocker Mountains Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Arthur Y. C. Chung. Steven Bosuang. Richard Majapun. Reuben Nilus. Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. 15 October 2016. 27 May 2019.
  16. The Mosses of Crocker Mountains Park, Malaysian Borneo. Monica Suleiman. Dunstan Polus Masundang. Hiroyuki Akiyama. PhytoKeys. 11 October 2017. 88. 71–107. 10.3897/phytokeys.88.14674. 29118647. 5672137 . free .

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