Crinigera Explained

Crinigera is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.[1] This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Crinigera maritima. Crinigera maritima is a marine ascomycota fungus species with characteristic appendaged cleistothecia and ascospores that cling onto substrates of wood, algae, or sand. It is found in the mesohaline zone[2] of many different coastal countries. It has been mistaken for a new fungal species Dryosphaera navigans and has yet to be assigned to a class, order, or family.

Taxonomy

Crinigera maritima was first described by I. Schmidt in 1969,[3] who suspected the species belongs to either the Plectascales or Erysiphales families. There is ongoing debate of the classification beyond the subphylum level. After re-examination Crinigera maritima type material, Koch and Jones concluded that Schmidt described two different species to be Crinigera maritima.[4] They renamed Crinigera maritima Schmidt-paratype 214 to Dryosphaera navigans.[5]

Description

The globose, light brown cleistothecial ascocarp[3] is 310-324 μm with a 30-36 μm subiculum that attaches to the substrate.[6] The cleistothecia have branched short appendages, a defining characteristic.[3] Thick walled asci and paraphyses (1) make up the hymenium. The two-celled, cylindrical ascospores have appendages that have been described as hair-like.[3]

Habitat and distribution

This species was initially found growing on Fucus vesiculosus[3] (commonly known as bladder wrack algae) in the Baltic Sea. Ascocarps have been observed growing on driftwood,[7] sand,[8] and algae.[3] Crinigera maritima has also been found in Japan,[6] Denmark,[3] Sri Lanka,[9] Seychelles,[10] Brunei,[11] Brazil,[12] and on the west coast of India.[7] It is an obligate marine fungus.[2]

Ecology

A study in India about fungi that grow on driftwood observed Crinigera maritima as the highest frequency of occurrence (61.4%) compared to other common marine fungi in that region.[13] Another study in India looked at 3327 wood samples and discovered Crinigera maritima in the top five most frequent fungi (10% appearance).[14] The appendages of the ascospores and cleistothecia allow for strong attachment to the substrate.[3]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. . December 2007 . Outline of Ascomycota  - 2007 . Myconet . 13 . 1 - 58 . The Field Museum, Department of Botany . Chicago, USA . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090318003134/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp . 2009-03-18 .
  2. Tibell . Sanja . Tibell . Leif . Pang . Ka-Lai . Calabon . Mark . Jones . E. B. Gareth . 2020-07-02 . Marine fungi of the Baltic Sea . Mycology . 11 . 3 . 195–213 . 10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886 . 2150-1203 . 7534365 . 33062382.
  3. Gareth Jones . E.B. . Moss . S.T. . Koch . J. . June 1980 . Light and scanning electron microscope observations of the marine ascomycete Crinigera maritima . Transactions of the British Mycological Society . en . 74 . 3 . 625–631 . 10.1016/S0007-1536(80)80065-9.
  4. Kohlmeyer . Jan . Volkmann-Kohlmeyer . Brigitte . 1993-07-01 . A new marine Dryosphaera (Ascomycotina) from the tropics . Canadian Journal of Botany . fr . 71 . 7 . 992–995 . 10.1139/b93-113 . 0008-4026.
  5. Sundari . R. . Vikineswary . S. . Yusoff . M. . Jones . E. B. G. . 1996 . Observations on Tropical Arenicolous Marine Fungi on Driftwood from Malaysia and Singapore . Botanica Marina . 39 . 1–6 . 10.1515/botm.1996.39.1-6.327 . 84650041 . 0006-8055.
  6. Koch . J. . Jones . E. B. Gareth . 1989-04-01 . The identity of Crinigera maritima and three new genera of marine cleistothecial ascomycetes . Canadian Journal of Botany . fr . 67 . 4 . 1183–1197 . 10.1139/b89-154 . 0008-4026.
  7. Prasannari . K. . Sridhar . K.R. . 1997 . Effect of incubation period of driftwood on the occurrence of marine fungi. . Indian Journal of Marine Sciences . 26 . 380–38.
  8. Tokura . R. . 1984-01-01 . Sand-inhabiting Marine Fungi from Japanese Beaches . Botanica Marina . en . 27 . 12 . 567–570 . 10.1515/botm.1984.27.12.567 . 84961309 . 1437-4323.
  9. Koch . Jørgen . April 1982 . Some lignicolous marine fungi from Sri Lanka . Nordic Journal of Botany . en . 2 . 2 . 163–169 . 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01177.x . 0107-055X.
  10. Hyde . K. D. . Jones . E. B. G. . July 1989 . Ecological observations on marine fungi from the Seychelles . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . en . 100 . 3 . 237–254 . 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb01720.x.
  11. Studies on the tropical marine fungi of Brunei . 1988 . 2022-05-08 . 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb01700.x . Hyde . K. D. . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 98 . 2 . 135–151 .
  12. Booth . Tom . 1983-02-01 . Lignicolous marine fungi from São Paulo, Brazil . Canadian Journal of Botany . en . 61 . 2 . 488–506 . 10.1139/b83-057 . 0008-4026.
  13. Rees . G. . Jones . E. B. G. . 1984 . Observations on the Attachment of Spores of Marine Fungi . Botanica Marina . 27 . 4 . 145–160 . 10.1515/botm.1984.27.4.145 . 84900907 . 0006-8055.
  14. Prasannarai . K. . Sridhar . K. R. . 2001 . Diversity and abundance of higher marine fungi on woody substrates along the west coast of India . Current Science . 81 . 3 . 304–311 . 24106333 . 0011-3891.

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