Cretaceous crab revolution explained

The Cretaceous crab revolution was a major diversification event of brachyuran crabs (also known as true crabs) that took place during the Cretaceous Period, from 145 to 66 million years ago.^{[1] [2]} Nearly 80% of modern groups of crabs originated during this event.^[3] The Cretaceous crab revolution is a smaller component of the greater Mesozoic marine revolution.^[4]

Early diversification

The oldest known true crabs are Eoprosopon klugi and Eocarcinus praecursor from the Early to Middle Jurassic.^{[5] [6]} While that fossil crab, and a few other Jurassic species, establish that crabs existed in older time periods, crabs did not truly diversify into numerous species until the beginning of the Cretaceous. During this time, crabs evolved into many different body plans and lifestyles, including the carcinized body shape like that of blue crabs that many people are familiar with.^{[7] [8]} At the same time, many families of crabs evolved away from the carcinized body plan, termed decarcinization. The Cretaceous crab revolution also witnessed the evolution of more unusual body forms in crabs, including the enigmatic Callichimaera perplexa. This rapid diversification allowed true crabs to inhabit many different environments including fresh water environments, coral reefs, swimming within the water column, and many others. Cretaceous crabs exhibit expert shell-breaking behavior with powerful claws (the left claw is smaller than the right) (Dietl & Vega, 2008).

References

Dietl, G. P., & Vega, F. J. (2008, March 10). Specialized shell-breaking crab claws in cretaceous seas | biology ... Biology Letters. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0031

Notes and References

1. Luque. J.. Feldmann. R. M.. Vernygora. O.. Schweitzer. C. E.. Cameron. C. B.. Kerr. K. A.. Vega. F. J.. Duque. A.. Strange. M.. Palmer. A. R.. Jaramillo. C.. April 2019. Exceptional preservation of mid-Cretaceous marine arthropods and the evolution of novel forms via heterochrony. Science Advances. en. 5. 4. eaav3875. 10.1126/sciadv.aav3875. 2375-2548. 6482010. 31032408. 2019SciA....5.3875L.
2. Luque. Javier. Bracken-Grissom. Heather. Ortega-Hernandez. Javier. Wolfe. Joanna. 2019. Phylogenetics of true crabs, and the early origins of crab-like forms.. The Palaeontological Association (PalAss) Annual Meeting.
3. Schweitzer. Carrie E.. Feldmann. Rodney M.. 2015-08-27. Faunal turnover and niche stability in marine Decapoda in the Phanerozoic. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35. 5. 633–649. 10.1163/1937240x-00002359. 0278-0372. free.
4. Vermeij. G.J.. 1977. The Mesozoic marine revolution: evidence from snails, predators and grazers. Paleobiology. 1977. 3. 245–258. 10.1017/S0094837300005352. 54742050 .
5. Schweitzer. Carrie E.. Feldmann. Rodney M.. 2010-05-01. The Oldest Brachyura (Decapoda: Homolodromioidea: Glaessneropsoidea) Known to Date (Jurassic). Journal of Crustacean Biology. 30. 2. 251–256. 10.1651/09-3231.1. 84707572. 0278-0372. free.
6. Scholtz . Gerhard . 2020-11-01 . Eocarcinus praecursor Withers, 1932 (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Meiura) is a stem group brachyuran . Arthropod Structure & Development . en . 59 . 100991 . 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100991 . 32891896 . 221525257 . 1467-8039. free .
7. Borradaile. L.A.. 1916. Crustacea. Part II. Porcellanopagurus: An instance of carcinization, in British Antarctic ("Terra Nova") Expedition, 1910. Zoology. 3. 111–126.
8. Scholtz. Gerhard. 2014-03-26. Evolution of crabs – history and deconstruction of a prime example of convergence. Contributions to Zoology. en. 83. 2. 87–105. 10.1163/18759866-08302001. 1875-9866. free.