Craugastoridae Explained

Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.

Taxonomy

The taxon was created by Stephen Blair Hedges, William Edward Duellman and Matthew P. Heinicke in 2008. The taxonomy of these frogs is not yet settled,[1] [2] and other sources may treat the subfamily Strabomantinae as a family, Strabomantidae,[2] [3] with correspondingly smaller Craugastoridae.[2] [4] The family was rearranged in 2014, and more recently in 2021.[5]

Life history

With the possible exception of Craugastor laticeps that may be ovoviviparous,[6] craugastorid frogs have direct development: no free-living tadpole stage is known; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.[7]

Genera

Two genera are recognised in the family Craugastoridae:

Taxa formerly in Craugastoridae

The following two taxa were formerly placed in Craugastoridae, but are now incerta sedis within the superfamily Brachycephaloidea, awaiting more data to resolve their position:[8]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Higher taxonomy and progress . Frost, Darrel R. . 2014 . Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 . American Museum of Natural History . 25 April 2014.
  2. Blackburn, D.C. . Wake, D.B. . amp . Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness . Zootaxa. 3148. 2011. 39–55. 10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8 .
  3. Web site: Strabomantidae . 2014 . AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] . Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb . 25 April 2014.
  4. Web site: Craugastoridae . 2014 . AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] . Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb . 25 April 2014.
  5. A new terraranan genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with comments on the systematics of Brachycephaloidea (Amphibia: Anura). . Motta, A. P. . P. P. G. Taucce . C. F. B. Haddad . C. Canedo . 2021 . Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research . 59 . 3 . 663–679 . 10.1111/jzs.12452 . 234058664 . 13 February 2022. free .
  6. McCranie, J.R. . M.H. Wake . L. Valdés Orellana . amp . 2013 . Craugastor laticeps. Possible ovoviviparity . Herpetological Review . 44 . 4 . 653–654.
  7. Hedges, S. B. . Duellman, W. E. . Heinicke, M. P . amp . 2008 . New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation . Zootaxa . 1737 . 1–182 . 10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1 .
  8. Padial . J. M. . Grant . T. . Frost . D. R. . amp . 2014 . Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria . Zootaxa . 3825 . 1–132 . 10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1. 24989881.
  9. Web site: Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 . Frost, Darrel R. . 2015 . Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 . American Museum of Natural History . 7 June 2015.
  10. Web site: Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 . Frost, Darrel R. . 2015 . Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 . American Museum of Natural History . 7 June 2015.

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