Craterostigmomorpha Explained

The Craterostigmomorpha are the least diverse centipede clade, comprising only two extant species, both in the genus Craterostigmus.[1] Their geographic range is restricted to Tasmania and New Zealand. There is a single ocellus on each side of the head capsule.[2] They have a distinct body plan; their anamorphosis[3] comprises a single stage: in their first moult, they grow from having 12 trunk segments to having 15. Adult centipedes in this order, like those in Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha, have 15 leg-bearing segments.[4] [5] Their low diversity and intermediate position between the primitive anamorphic centipedes and the derived Epimorpha has led to them being likened to the platypus.[1] They represent the survivors of a once diverse clade.Maternal brooding unites the Craterostigmomorpha with the Epimorpha into the clade Phylactometria which includes Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, and Geophilomorpha. This trait is thought to be closely linked with the presence of sternal pores, which secrete sticky or noxious secretions, which mainly serve to repel predators and parasites. The presence of these pores on the Devonian Devonobius which is included in own order Devonobiomorpha permits its inclusion in this clade, allowing its divergence of Lithobiomorpha from Phylactometria to be dated to .[6]

Notes and References

  1. Edgecombe . Gregory D. . Giribet . Gonzalo . 2008 . A New Zealand species of the trans-Tasman centipede order Craterostigmomorpha (Arthropoda : Chilopoda) corroborated by molecular evidence . Invertebrate Systematics . 22 . 1–15 . 10.1071/IS07036 .
  2. Vahtera . Varpu . Edgecombe . Gregory D. . Giribet . Gonzalo . 2012 . Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data . Cladistics . en . 28 . 1 . 4–20 . 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x . 0748-3007.
  3. Fusco. Giuseppe. 2005. Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods. Evolution & Development. en. 7. 6. 608–617. 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05064.x. 16336414. 21401688. 1525-142X.
  4. Edgecombe . Gregory D. . Giribet . Gonzalo . 2007 . Evolutionary Biology of Centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) . Annual Review of Entomology . 52 . 151–170. 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091326 . 16872257 .
  5. Minelli. Alessandro. 2020. Arthropod segments and segmentation – lessons from myriapods, and open questions. Opuscula Zoologica. 51(S2). 7–21. 10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.7. 226561862.
  6. Giribet . Gonzalo . Edgecombe . Gregory D. . 2006 . Conflict between datasets and phylogeny of centipedes: an analysis based on seven genes and morphology . . 273 . 1586 . 531–538 . 10.1098/rspb.2005.3365 . 1560052 . 16537123.

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