Chromium nitride explained

Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium and nitrogen with the formula CrN. It is very hard, and is extremely resistant to corrosion. It is an interstitial compound, with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice: as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N3-). Chromium forms a second interstitial nitride, dichromium nitride, Cr2N.

Synthesis

Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C:

2 Cr + → 2 CrN

It can also synthesize by Physical Vapour Deposition technique such as Cathodic arc deposition.

Applications

CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications.[1] CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools.[2]

Magnetism

The fundamental materials physics of CrN, giving rise to its favorable properties, has been debated recently in high-profile scientific journals such as Nature Materials.[3] [4] In particular, the importance of magnetism in both the low temperature and the high temperature phases has been demonstrated by means of quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic structure of the compound.[5] [6] [7]

Natural occurrence

Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Vetter . J. . Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application . Surface and Coatings Technology . Elsevier BV . 76-77 . 1995 . 0257-8972 . 10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9 . 719–724.
  2. Reiter . A.E. . Derflinger . V.H. . Hanselmann . B. . Bachmann . T. . Sartory . B. . Investigation of the properties of Al1−xCrxN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation . Surface and Coatings Technology . Elsevier BV . 200 . 7 . 2005 . 0257-8972 . 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043 . 2114–2122.
  3. Rivadulla . Francisco . Bañobre-López . Manuel . Quintela . Camilo X. . Piñeiro . Alberto . Pardo . Victor . Baldomir . Daniel . López-Quintela . Manuel Arturo . Rivas . José . Ramos . Carlos A. . Salva . Horacio . Zhou . Jian-Shi . Goodenough . John B. . 5. Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN . Nature Materials . Springer Science and Business Media LLC . 8 . 12 . 2009-10-25 . 1476-1122 . 10.1038/nmat2549 . 947–951. 19855384 . 2009NatMa...8..947R .
  4. Alling . Björn . Marten . Tobias . Abrikosov . Igor A. . Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN . Nature Materials . Springer Science and Business Media LLC . 9 . 4 . 2010 . 1476-1122 . 10.1038/nmat2722 . 283–284. 20332781 . 2010NatMa...9..283A .
  5. Filippetti . Alessio . Hill . Nicola A. . Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN . Physical Review Letters . American Physical Society (APS) . 85 . 24 . 2000-12-11 . 0031-9007 . 10.1103/physrevlett.85.5166 . 5166–5169. 11102212 . cond-mat/0004252 . 2000PhRvL..85.5166F . 39265221 .
  6. Walter R. L. Lambrecht . Herwadkar . Aditi . Lambrecht . Walter R. L. . Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator . Physical Review B . American Physical Society (APS) . 79 . 3 . 2009-01-29 . 1098-0121 . 10.1103/physrevb.79.035125 . 035125. 2009PhRvB..79c5125H .
  7. Alling . B. . Marten . T. . Abrikosov . I. A. . Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN . Physical Review B . American Physical Society (APS) . 82 . 18 . 2010-11-29 . 1098-0121 . 10.1103/physrevb.82.184430 . 184430. 1006.3460 . 2010PhRvB..82r4430A . 6837803 .
  8. Web site: Mindat.org. Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities. 2020-03-17.

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