| Coyote Creek | |
| Name Etymology: | Unknown |
| Map: | Coyote Creek.jpg |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | United States |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | California |
| Subdivision Type3: | Counties |
| Subdivision Name3: | Orange County, Riverside County, Los Angeles, San Bernardino |
| Subdivision Type5: | Cities |
| Subdivision Name5: | Brea, Buena Park, Fullerton, Hawaiian Gardens, La Habra, Lakewood, La Palma, Long Beach, |
| Length: | 13.7miles |
| Discharge1 Location: | Los Alamitos[1] |
| Discharge1 Min: | 24cuft/s |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 43.5cuft/s[2] |
| Discharge1 Max: | 14300cuft/s |
| Source1 Location: | Orange County, California |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 33.9469°N -117.9586°W[3] |
| Source1 Elevation: | 2300feet |
| Mouth: | San Gabriel River |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 33.7947°N -118.09°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 0feet |
| Basin Size: | 41.3sqmi |
| Tributaries Left: | Brea Creek, Fullerton Creek, Carbon Creek |
| Tributaries Right: | La Canada Verde Creek |
Coyote Creek is a principal tributary of the San Gabriel River[4] in northwest Orange County and southeast Los Angeles County, California. It drains a land area of roughly 41.3mi2 covering eight major cities, including Brea, Buena Park, Fullerton, Hawaiian Gardens, La Habra, Lakewood, La Palma, and Long Beach.[5] Some major tributaries of the creek in the highly urbanized[6] watershed include Brea Creek, Fullerton Creek, and Carbon Creek.[7] The mostly-flat creek basin is separated by a series of low mountains,[7] and is bounded by several small mountain ranges, including the Chino Hills, Puente Hills, and West Coyote Hills.[8]
Coyote Creek is roughly long[9] and flows generally southwest, while its North Fork, shown on federal maps as La Canada Verde Creek, measures . The longest single tributary is Carbon Creek, which flows, followed closely by Fullerton Creek, which measures .[9] Two major flood control reservoirs, Brea Reservoir and Fullerton Reservoir, are located in the watershed[8] and feed into Brea Creek and Fullerton Creek, respectively.[7] Brea Creek and Tonner Canyon form the uppermost reaches of the watershed. Coyote Creek joins the San Gabriel River very near its mouth in Long Beach.
Beginning at the border of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, Coyote Creek rises in two forks in the northwesterly corner of the latter county. As it goes south, it turns west and quickly acquires many south-flowing streams on its right bank. The creek is soon joined by Imperial Creek as it begins to flow southwest through a series of flood control channels, alternatively earth- and concrete-lined. The somewhat-haphazardly-constructed channel is described as being either concrete-lined, "composite," trapezoidal, or riprap. After having crossed the Los-Angeles–Orange County border three times, Coyote Creek receives its first major tributary, the 9.8miles Brea Creek, on the right bank.[7] [8]
Brea Creek begins in the far northeastern corner of the watershed, at the border of Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties. The creek flows southwest, receiving numerous mountain tributaries on both banks. As it briefly turns north, it receives Tonner Canyon (also spelled Toner) on the left bank. Tonner Canyon begins in the vicinity of Brea Canyon, and flows south-southwest until it turns northwest and joins Brea. From the confluence downstream, the combined waters are called Brea Creek. The creek then proceeds to enter increasingly urbanized landscape, then flows into Brea Reservoir, which functions mainly for flood control. The creek then turns due west and flows into Coyote Creek on the left bank.[7] [8]
After receiving the water of Brea Creek, Coyote Creek continues southwest, passing beneath Interstate 5, while bending south for a brief stretch before turning back north. Shortly downstream from the confluence, it is joined by its North Fork, or La Canada Verde Creek. The 9.1adj=midNaNadj=mid North Fork begins in three forks, which merge and flow due south. The creek is joined by a small tributary on the left bank and then receives a larger tributary, La Mirada Creek, on the left bank. The creek then continues directly south through a flood control channel before meeting Coyote Creek. Soon after the confluence, the third major tributary, Fullerton Creek, joins Coyote on the left bank.[7] [8]
Fullerton Creek begins several miles south of Tonner Canyon, and initially flows west-northwest. The creek then bends sharply south and flows into Fullerton Reservoir, which, like Brea Reservoir, also serves a flood-control function. The creek then flows southwest and south, before flowing nearly at a right angle into another unnamed tributary. The creek sharply turns due west, and continues winding through predominantly residential suburbs, before flowing into Coyote on the left bank. The combined waters then continue southwest and soon flow beneath California State Route 91.[7] [8]
Several miles after State Route 91, a smaller tributary, Moody Creek, joins Coyote Creek on the left bank. Moody Creek begins parallel to SR 91, and flows only about 3.7miles before it joins Coyote Creek.
The fourth major tributary, the 13.6miles Carbon Creek, then joins on the left bank. Carbon Creek is a mostly-channelized course, beginning almost 10miles south of Brea and Tonner Canyons. The creek flows west and south into several small flood-control basins, before resuming its west-southwest course and receiving several small tributaries on either bank. The creek flows into Coyote Creek very near its mouth at the San Gabriel River, on the left bank.[7] [8]
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) operated two stream gauges on Coyote Creek. From 1965 to 1978, the USGS recorded flows at Los Alamitos, California, which is at its confluence with the San Gabriel River. The highest flow recorded there was 14300cuft/s, and with three other high flows exceeding ten thousand cfs.[1]
For Brea Creek streamflow data see Brea Creek#Streamflow.
For Fullerton Creek, the USGS operated two stream gauges from 1936 to 1964. The highest flow during that period (mouth, at Fullerton) was 1600cuft/s on 14 March 1941. In that time period, no other flow passed 1,000 cfs, although it did come close to on 2 March 1938 (the peak of the Los Angeles Flood of 1938).[10]
From 1962 to 2008, the USGS only ran one streamflow gauge for Carbon Creek, which was below Carbon Canyon Dam. The highest recorded flow during that period was 741ft3 per second, on 19 February 2005.[11]
Coyote Creek drains a roughly diamond-shaped watershed between the drainage basins of the San Gabriel and Santa Ana rivers, bounded on the north by the small mountain ranges Chino Hills, Puente Hills and West Coyote Hills. The watershed, with the exception of these hills, a small partial divide inside the watershed, and several recreational areas, such as Chino Hills State Park, is almost entirely developed, and is in sharp contrast to the San Gabriel River watershed viewed as a whole, which in total has only twenty-six percent of its area developed.[12]
Although channelized in many areas along its course, Coyote Creek and its tributaries provide some rich habitat for riparian and other species, including salt marsh instream, as well as coastal sage scrub, live oak, grassland and sand dunes. Native wildlife is common in the areas described, especially in the far upper reaches of the watershed, which include Brea and Tonner canyons. Aside from the native wildlife, a number of invasive species, both plant and animal, also inhabit the watershed.[8]
The Army Corps of Engineers expanded the channel and lined the creek with concrete beginning in the early 1960s. A young boy drowned in 1963, while playing on a makeshift raft, on the water behind a temporary dam built for the project.
From mouth to source:[13]