| Cox's Bazar | |
| Native Name: | কক্সবাজার জেলা |
| Native Name Lang: | bn |
| Type: | District of Bangladesh |
| Map Caption1: | Expandable map of Cox's Bazar District |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh |
| Coordinates: | 21.25°N 92.1°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Bangladesh |
| Subdivision Type1: | Division |
| Subdivision Name1: | Chittagong Division |
| Area Total Km2: | 2491.85 |
| Population Total: | 2823265 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 census |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | BST |
| Utc Offset1: | +06:00 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | HDI (2019) |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 0.574[1] · 19th of 20 |
Cox's Bazar (Bengali: কক্সবাজার জেলা , Cox's Bazar Jela also Cox's Bazar Zila) is a district in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.[2] It is named after Cox's Bazar town. It is located south of Chittagong. Cox's Bazar is also known by the names Panowa ("yellow flower") and Palongkee. The modern Cox's Bazar derives its name from Captain Hiram Cox (died 1799), an army officer who served in British India. It is one of the fishing ports of Bangladesh, and contains one of the world's longest natural sea beaches (long including mud flats).
Cox's Bazar is a major tourist destination within Bangladesh.
Cox's Bazar District has an area of 2491.86km2. It is bounded by Chittagong District on the north, Bay of Bengal in the south, Bandarban District on the east, and the Bay of Bengal on the west. Major rivers include Matamuhuri, Bakkhali, Reju Khal, Naf River, Maheshkhali channel and Kutubdia channel. The area of the city of Cox's Bazar is 6.85km2.
The known history of Cox's Bazar begins in the Mughal period. On his way to Arakan, when the Mughal Prince Shah Shuja (1616–1660) passed through the hilly terrain of the present day Cox's Bazar, he was attracted to the scenic nature of the region. He commanded his forces to camp there. A place named Dulahazara, meaning "one thousand palanquins", still exists in the area.
After the Mughals, the district came under the control of the Tipras and the Arakanese, followed by the Portuguese and then the British.
Cox's Bazar is named after Captain Hiram Cox, an officer of the East India Company, who was assigned with the charges of the current day Cox's Bazar and its adjacent areas.[3] [4] The town of Cox's Bazar was established in 1799 as a market town to honour Captain Cox. In 1854, Cox's Bazar was made a Sub Divisional headquarter in Chittagong district under the Bengal Presidency of British India.
After the end of British rule in 1947, Cox's Bazar remained a part of East Pakistan under the Dominion of Pakistan till 1971. Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim was the first chairman after independence from the British of Cox's Bazar municipality. He established the Tamarisk Forest along the beach to draw tourism to the town and to protect the beach from the tide. He donated many of his father-in-law's and his own lands to establish a public library and town hall. In 1971, the wharf was used as a naval port by the Pakistan Navy's gunboats. This and the nearby airstrip of the Pakistan Air Force were the scene of intense shelling by the Indian Navy during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
In the year 1984, Cox's Bazar was upgraded into a District from a Sub Division under the Chittagong Division.
Starting in 2017, a "mass human exodus" of the Rohingya Muslim minority group from neighboring Myanmar's Rakhine State led to the creation, in Cox's Bazar, of the "world's largest refugee settlement" over the following year. In the first year, the UNHCR estimated that 725,000 refugees had sought safety in Bangladesh.[5]
There are nine upazilas under this district, namely:
The annual average temperature in Cox's Bazar is 32.8C and a minimum of 16.1C. The climate remains hot and humid with some seasons of temperate weather. The average amount of rainfall is 4285mm.
According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar District had 587,127 households and a population of 2,823,265, 43.6% of whom lived in urban areas. The population density was 1,133 people per km2. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 71.5%, compared to the national average of 74.7%.[7]
| 342,378 | 86.22% | 2,151,958 | 93.97% | ||
| 27,211 | 6.85% | 37,822 | 1.65% | ||
| 26,907 | 6.78% | 97,648 | 4.26% | ||
| Others | 617 | 0.16% | 2,562 | 0.12% | |
| Total Population | 397,113 | 100 | 2,289,990 | 100% |
93.97% are Muslims, 4.26% Hindus and 1.65% Buddhists. Ethnic population is 14,551. The local dialect is Chittagonian, although there are many Rohingya speakers due to the massive refugee camps.
The most significant livelihood of Cox's Bazar district is tourism. Millions of foreign and Bangladeshi natives visit this coastal city every year. A number of hotels, guest houses, and motels have been built in the city and coastal region and the hospitality industry is a major employer in the area.
A number of people are involved in the fishing and collection of seafoods, sea products and salt-farming. Oysters, snails, pearls and jewelry made from shells are popular with the tourists in the seaside and city stores. A number of people are also employed by the transportation business for tourists. Additionally, many people of the district are farmers.
In 2002, a surfing club was initiated at Cox's Bazar by a local Bangladeshi. It has now extended to holding an annual competition including locals and foreign tourists. This is the first surfing initiative in Bangladesh's history.[9]
Cox's Bazar, mostly known for its beach and sunsets, has several other attractions, including: