Cobh Explained

Settlement Type:Town
Cobh
Native Name:Irish: An Cóbh
Native Name Lang:ga
Motto:Latin: Statio Fidissima Classi ("The Fleet's Safest Post")(Latin)
Pushpin Map:Ireland
Pushpin Label Position:left
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Ireland
Coordinates:51.851°N -8.2967°W
Blank Name Sec1:Irish Grid Reference
Unit Pref:Metric
Elevation M:47
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Ireland
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Munster
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:County Cork
Subdivision Type3:Irish: Dáil Éireann|italic=no
Subdivision Name3:Cork East
Area Urban Footnotes:[1]
Area Urban Km2:5.1
Population As Of:2022
Population Footnotes:[2]
Population Total:14,148
Population Density Km2:2,774.1
Area Code Type:Telephone area code
Area Code:+353(0)21
Postal Code Type:Eircode routing key
Postal Code:P24
Timezone:WET
Utc Offset:±0
Timezone Dst:IST
Utc Offset Dst:+1

Cobh, known from 1849 until 1920 as Queenstown, is a seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. With a population of 14,418 inhabitants at the 2022 census,[2] Cobh is on the south side of Great Island in Cork Harbour and home to Ireland's only dedicated cruise terminal. Tourism in the area draws on the maritime and emigration legacy of the town.

Facing the town are Spike and Haulbowline islands. On a high point in the town stands St Colman's, the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne. It is one of the tallest buildings in Ireland, standing at 91.4 metres (300 ft).

Name

The village on Great Island was known as "Ballyvoloon", a transliteration of the Irish Baile Ui-Mhaoileoin (English: "O'Malone's town"),[3] while the Royal Navy port, established in the 1750s, became known as "The Cove of Cork" or "Cove". The combined conurbation was renamed to "Queenstown", in 1849, during a visit by Queen Victoria. The name was changed to Cobh, during the Irish War of Independence, following the passing of a motion by the local administrative council on 2 July 1920.[4] [5] Cobh is a Gaelicisation of the English name Cove, and it shares the same pronunciation.[6] It has no meaning in the Irish language.[7]

In ancient times the area was known as Cuan an Neimheadh (the Harbour of Neimheidh), a figure in medieval Irish legend. Great Island was called Oileán Ard Neimheidh (the high or important island of Neimheidh).[8]

History

Early history

According to legend, one of the first colonists of Ireland was Neimheidh, who landed in Cork Harbour over 1,000 years BC.[9] He and his followers were said to have been wiped out in a plague, but the Great Island was known in Irish as Oilean Ard Neimheadh because of its association with him. Later it became known as Crich Liathain because of the powerful Uí Liatháin kingdom, who ruled in the area from Late Antiquity into the early 13th century. The island subsequently became known as Oilean Mor An Barra (the Great Island of Barry & Barrymore), after the Barry family who inherited it.

The village on the island was known in English as Ballyvoloon, overlooking "The Cove". In 1743 the British built a fort, later to become known as Cove Fort, to the east of the village.[10] The settlement was first referred to as Cove village in 1750 by Smith the historian who said: "it was inhabited by seamen and revenue officials". The Cork directory of 1787 shows about thirty businesses in the town, including one butcher and one draper.

The Water Club established at Haulbowline in 1720 was the progenitor of the present Royal Cork Yacht Club (RCYC, now based in Crosshaven) and is the oldest yacht club in the world. The RCYC was based for many years in Cobh and the present Sirius Arts Centre used to be a clubhouse of the RCYC organisation. In 1966, the RCYC merged with the Royal Munster Yacht Club, retaining the name of the RCYC but moving its headquarters to those of the RMYC at Crosshaven at the other side of the harbour.

19th century

International upheaval led to Cobh undergoing rapid development in the early 19th century. Due to the natural protection of its harbour setting, the town became important as a tactical centre for naval military base purposes, never more so than at the time of the Napoleonic Wars. Today, the Irish Naval Service headquarters is on Haulbowline Island facing Cobh.

The wars against the French led to the town, then usually known as Ballyvoloon or The Cove of Cork, being developed as a British naval port assigned an admiral. Many of the present-day buildings date from this time of build-up. George Brodrick, 5th Viscount Midleton engaged the English architect Decimus Burton to improve the streetscape and buildings during the 1840s.[11] [12] The eventual cessation of hostilities dented Cobh's prosperity for a while, but it soon became known as a health resort; many patients stayed here for their health because of the temperate climate. Amongst their number was Charles Wolfe, who wrote "The Burial of Sir John Moore After Corunna". Wolfe's body is buried in the Old Church Cemetery outside the town.

The Titanic

One of the major transatlantic Irish ports, the town was the departure point for 2.5 million of the 6 million Irish people who emigrated to North America between 1848 and 1950. On 11 April 1912, as Queenstown, it was the final port of call for the Titanic before she set out across the Atlantic on the last leg of her maiden voyage. She was assisted by the P.S. America and the P.S. Ireland, two ageing White Star Line tenders, along with several other smaller boats delivering first-class passengers' luggage. Some sources and local lore suggest that a Titanic crew member, John Coffey, a native of Cobh, left the ship at this time, thereby saving his life.[13] 123 passengers boarded at Cobh, with only 44 surviving the sinking.

Penal transportation

Cobh was earlier a major embarkation port for men, women and children who were deported to penal colonies such as Australia. The Scots Church has since 1973 housed the Cobh Museum which holds records of such deportations in ships' log books. The Scots Church (a Presbyterian church until its 1969 closure) overlooks the harbour from where so many departed.

Shipbuilding

A significant shipbuilding industry was developed in the town. The remnants of the Verolme Shipyard today maintain many of the original cranes and hoists now forming part of industrial and maritime heritage.

The age of steam brought Cobh association with several milestones, including the first steam ship to sail from Ireland to England (1821) and the first steamship to cross the Atlantic (Sirius 1838), which sailed from Passage West.

RMS Lusitania and the First World War

Another ship to be associated with the town, the Cunard passenger liner, was sunk by a German U-boat off the Old Head of Kinsale while en route from the US to Liverpool on 7 May 1915. 1,198 passengers died, while 700 were rescued. The survivors and the dead alike were brought to Queenstown, and the bodies of over 100 who perished in the disaster lie buried in the Old Church Cemetery just north of the town.[14] The Lusitania Peace Memorial is located in Casement Square, in front of the Arch Building housing the Cobh Library and Tourist Information Centre.[15] During the First World War, Queenstown was a naval base for British and American destroyers operating against the U-boats that preyed upon Allied merchant shipping. Q-ships (heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks) were called Q-ships precisely because many were, in fact, fitted out in Queenstown.[16] The first division of American destroyers arrived in May 1917, and the sailors who served on those vessels were the first American servicemen to see combat duty in the war. When that first convoy arrived in port after enduring a rough passage in what were little more than open boats, its members were met by a crowd of sailors and townspeople, thankful for their anticipated help towards stopping the U-boats that were blockading western Europe. Admiral Sir Lewis Bayly, commander of the Coast of Ireland station, met the senior American officer, Commander Joseph Taussig, at the dock and inquired as to how soon the weatherbeaten American ships could be put to use. "We're ready now, sir!" was the widely quoted answer from the American.

The United States Navy established U.S. Naval Air Station Queenstown in February 1918. It operated flying boats during the last months of WW1, and closed in April 1919.[17]

Due to its tactical military importance, under the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, the port remained a UK sovereign base within the Irish Free State after 1922. Along with the other Treaty Ports, it was handed over to the government of the Irish Free State in 1938.

Economy and tourism

Tourism is a large employer in Cobh. Large cruise liners visit Cobh each year, mainly during the summer months, although many of the tourists are transported out of Cobh by bus to other tourist destinations. In all, almost 100,000 cruise liner passengers and crew arrive in the town each year when their ships berth right in the centre of the town at the Republic of Ireland's only dedicated cruise terminal.[18] [19] [20] Tourist attractions are focused on the maritime and emigration legacy of the town and include the Queenstown Story at the Cobh Heritage Centre, Titanic Experience, Titanic Trail walking tour, Cobh Museum, Cobh Road Train, Spike Island tours and St Colman's Cathedral. The town has remained largely unchanged since RMS Titanic departed from Cork Harbour in 1912, with the streetscape and piers still much the same. Facing the town are Spike Island and Haulbowline Island. The latter is the headquarters of the Irish Naval Service, formerly a British naval base.

Cobh was home to Ireland's only steelworks, the former state-owned Irish Steel works which was closed by its buyer, Ispat International, in 2001. There is a controversy over the slag heap on the steelworks, where there are concerns that it may be leaching into the harbour.[21] Another important employer in Cobh was the Dutch-owned Verolme Cork Dockyard, in Rushbrooke. It opened in 1960 but ceased operations in the mid-1980s. In 1981 the MV Leinster was built at Verolme for service on the Dublin – Holyhead route.[22] The last ship built at Verolme was the Irish Naval Service's LÉ Eithne (P31).[23] Ship repair work is still carried at Rushbrooke using the drydock and slip way carriages.[24]

In the 21st century, a number of new developments were completed, such as a new retail park at Ticknock in 2008, and a leisure centre (with 25m swimming pool) in August 2007. In 2010, tours of Spike Island commenced, with tours leaving from Kennedy Pier, near the town centre.

Transport

Rail

Outside of the Dublin metropolitan area, Cobh is one of the few towns in Ireland served by a commuter train service. The town is one of two termini for Cork Commuter Services. The other is Midleton. Regular commuter services run between Cork city and Cobh, calling at, among others, Fota railway station, Carrigaloe railway station, and Rushbrooke railway station, along the way. Trains run every day and the journey time to Cork is under 25 minutes.

Cobh railway station opened, as Queenstown station, on 10 March 1862 and was renamed .[25]

Air

The nearest airport is Cork Airport, which can be reached in 20–30 minutes from Cobh via the R624 road and the N25 road.

Port

The Port Operations Centre for Cork Harbour is located in the town. The port's harbour pilot launches are based at the Camber - a pier and dock area at the eastern end of the town.

Roads

Currently there is only a single road (the R624) and road bridge that leads onto Great Island. This road bridge, Belvelly Bridge, was built at Belvelly in 1803 at one of the narrowest points in the channels around Great Island.[26] [27]

Cross River Ferry

In 1993 a Cross River Ferry was established which allowed cars and passengers to travel from Glenbrook near Monkstown to Carrigaloe on the Great Island. The crossing from Glenbrook to Carrigaloe takes four minutes and runs daily. Reservations are not required.[28]

Local government and politics

In 1862, Queenstown Town Commissioners were established by a local act.[29] In 1899, under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, this body became an urban district council.[30] It was renamed Cobh Urban District in 1920. In 2002, under the Local Government Act 2001, it became Cobh Town Council.[31]

In 2014, this local government body was abolished.[32] [33] Since then, the town has fallen within the responsibility of Cork County Council.[34] Cobh Municipal District, one of eight municipal districts in the county, is represented by six elected councillors.[35] As of the 2019 local election, these include 1 Labour Party, 2 Fine Gael, 1 Fianna Fáil, 1 Green Party and 1 independent councillor.[36]

The town is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork East.

Arts and culture

The Sirius Arts Centre is a hub for the arts in Cobh and is located on the waterfront. It hosts cultural events and music concerts both in-house and around Cobh.[37]

The Cobh Peoples Regatta is held every year around August,[38] and includes onstage performances from local musicians and performers as well as a pageant to decide the 'Regatta Queen'. The festival typically ends with a fireworks display over the harbour.[39]

Cobh was the setting for the 2009 Connor McPherson film The Eclipse,[40] and also used as a filming location for the 1999 movie Angela's Ashes.[41]

Education

Cobh has several primary and secondary schools, including Colaiste Muire secondary school and Carrignafoy Community College. Scoil Iosaef Naofa is a boys' primary school in the town, and has reached the Sciath na Scoil finals (in hurling and gaelic football) on several occasions.[42]

Sport

Cobh GAA is the local GAA club, and has a centre for gaelic games at Carrignafoy.[43]

Cobh Pirates RFC are the town's rugby union club, and compete at underage and other levels.[44] The club celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2015.[45] They play their home games at 'The Paddocks' in Newtown, where facilities include a gym, two playing pitches, a training pitch and a rubber training surface. The Cobh Pirates Ladies team was formed circa 2010.[44]

The most noted football team in the area is Cobh Ramblers, where Roy Keane started-out before transferring to English side Nottingham Forest, and Stephen Ireland started his career with the club's underage, Springfield Ramblers. Cobh Ramblers play in the League of Ireland First Division,[46] with home games at St Colman's Park.[47]

Cobh Golf Club has an 18-hole championship course at Marino on the main R624 road into the town. Cobh is also home to one of the oldest existing tennis clubs in Ireland, Rushbrooke Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club, founded in 1870.[48]

There are two coastal rowing clubs in the area, Cobh Fishermen and Rushbrooke Rowing Club, with the latter established in 1989.[49] Other events on the water include the "Escape from Spike Island" triathlon, which was first held in 2012 and organised by Cobh Triathlon Club. It takes place annually in late summer.

People

Twin towns

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Population Density and Area Size 2016 . . 26 December 2017 . 24 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190324025223/https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=E2014&PLanguage=0&PXSId=0 . live .
  2. Web site: Interactive Data Visualisations: Towns: Cobh . Census 2022 . Central Statistics Office. 26 September 2023.
  3. Book: Joyce, P. W. (Patrick Weston) . The origin and history of Irish names of places . 1898 . London, New York, Longmans, Green and co.; [etc., etc.] . PIMS - University of Toronto . 122.
  4. News: Murphy . Elaine . 100 years ago Queenstown was renamed to Cobh (Town was the last port of call of the Titanic) . TheCork.ie . 25 June 2020 . 8 July 2020 . 10 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200710153038/https://www.thecork.ie/2020/06/25/100-years-ago-queenstown-was-renamed-to-cobh-town-was-the-last-port-of-call-of-the-titanic/ . live .
  5. News: Sean O'Riordan: Name reversal helped to put Cobh on the map . . 29 June 2020 . 8 July 2020 . 2 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200702184658/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/views/analysis/sean-oriordan-name-reversal-helped-to-put-cobh-on-the-map-1008208.html . live .
  6. Web site: Cobh Town . Cobh Museum . cobhmuseum.com . 1 December 2021 .
  7. Web site: Collections - Reels - BMH.WS1737 . Bureau of Military History . militaryarchives.ie . April 1921 . [Before being renamed] Queenstown in 1847, the town had been simply known as "The Cove of Cork". It could not be given this name now and "Cobh" really had no meaning .
  8. Book: Lewis: A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland – Volume 1 . Lewis . Samuel Lewis . London . 1837 . Libraryireland.com . 4 January 2019 . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728210519/https://www.libraryireland.com/topog/G/Great-Island-Barrymore-Cork.php . live .
  9. Book: McCarthy, Kieran. The Little Book of Cork Harbour. 2019. The History Press. 978-0750989602.
  10. Web site: Buildings of Ireland - Cove Fort . 9 May 2015 . National Inventory of Architectural Heritage . 24 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150524062032/http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=CO&regno=20827375 . live .
  11. Midleton Papers, Guildford Muniments Room, ref. 1248. Cork Examiner, 26 Mar 1845. B 3, 12 Apr 1845, 170.
  12. Web site: Dictionary of Irish Architects. Decimus, Burton. 5 December 2018. 12 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190812135457/https://www.dia.ie/architects/view/783/BURTON,%2BDECIMUS%2B%2523. live.
  13. Web site: John Coffey : Titanic Crew . Encyclopedia-titanica.org . 31 March 2016 . 27 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160327165734/http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-biography/john-coffey.html . live .
  14. Web site: Buckley . Dan . 2015-04-27 . Lusitania survivors gave Cobh an eerie unreality . 2024-04-11 . Irish Examiner . en.
  15. Web site: Cobh Library. Cork County Council. 15 November 2023.
  16. Beyer, Kenneth M.: Q-Ships versus U-Boats. America's Secret Project. Naval Institute Press. Annapolis, Maryland, USA. 1999.
  17. Web site: World War 1 Era Naval Air Stations. Bluejacket.com. 22 April 2018. 17 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105255/https://bluejacket.com/usn-usmc_avi_ww1_air_fields.html. live.
  18. Web site: Cork set for €15 million tourism boost this summer as cruise liner grows . Irish Times . irishtimes.com . 24 March 2018 . 2 August 2018 .
  19. Web site: Future of this town has to be in tourism . Irish Examiner . irishexaminer.com . 7 December 2011 . 2 August 2018.
  20. Web site: Port of Cork cruising towards €15m terminal . Irish Examiner . irishexaminer.com . 27 July 2017 . 4 August 2018 . The Port of Cork currently boasts the only dedicated cruise ship berth in Ireland — in Cobh .
  21. Web site: Steel plant to close despite cost reduction deal . Eurofound.europa.eu . 2001-07-28 . 2013-03-26 . dead . https://archive.today/20120729140948/http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2001/07/inbrief/ie0107241n.html . 2012-07-29 .
  22. Web site: Irish Ferries - Past Vessels . irish-ferries-enthusiasts.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20070827181858/http://www.irish-ferries-enthusiasts.com/ifpast.htm . 27 August 2007 .
  23. Web site: Eithne P31 . Iol.ie . 2013-03-26 . 5 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121005150550/http://www.iol.ie/~forsacosanta/eithne_p31.htm . live .
  24. Web site: Dry Docking & Ship Repair. DSG. 14 November 2023.
  25. Book: Butt, R.V.J.. The Directory of Railway Stations. Patrick Stephens Ltd. 1995. 1-85260-508-1. 64,193.
  26. Web site: Belvelly Bridge, County Cork . National Inventory of Architectural Heritage . 2 August 2018 . buildingsofireland.ie . 2 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180802223541/http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=CO&regno=20907578 . live .
  27. Web site: Calls for 'island designation' campaign for Cobh after Ophelia . Irish Examiner . irishexaminer.com . 18 October 2017 . 2 August 2018 . the only bridge leading into Great Island, at Belvelly [Bridge], is 200 years old . 2 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193249/https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/calls-for-island-designation-campaign-for-cobh-after-ophelia-461083.html . live .
  28. Web site: Passage West and Monkstown Cross River Ferry . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140328203817/http://www.passagewestmonkstown.ie/cross-river-ferry.asp . 2014-03-28 .
  29. Web site: Queenstown Improvement Act 1862 (c. xx) . vlex Justis . 3 April 2023 . 3 June 1862.
  30. Book: Clancy, John Joseph. J. J. Clancy (North Dublin MP). A handbook of local government in Ireland: containing an explanatory introduction to the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898: together with the text of the act, the orders in Council, and the rules made thereunder relating to county council, rural district council, and guardian's elections: with an index. 435 . 1899. Sealy, Bryers and Walker. Dublin .
  31. Local Government Act 2001. 2001. 37. 6. Local Government Areas (Towns). 21 July 2001.
  32. Web site: Hogan says local government reform will save €420m . . 16 October 2012 . RTÉ . 2013-11-07 . 19 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225417/http://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1016/341810-phil-hogan-local-government-cabinet-politics/ . live .
  33. Local Government Reform Act 2014. 2014. 24. Dissolution of town councils and transfer date. 1. 27 January 2014. 21 May 2022.
  34. Web site: How your Council Works. Cork County Council. 19 December 2019. 19 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191219181952/https://www.corkcoco.ie/en/your-county-council/how-your-council-works. live.
  35. 2019. si. 28. County Of Cork Local Electoral Areas And Municipal Districts Order 2019. 31 January 2018. 18 March 2019. 8 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191208044651/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2019/si/28/made/en/print.
  36. News: Elected Members. Cork County Council. 19 December 2019. 28 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200728201918/https://www.corkcoco.ie/en/your-county-council/electedmembers?field_municipal_district_target_id=215. live.
  37. Web site: Sirius Art Centre . Siriusartscentre.ie . 7 November 2013 . 5 November 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105100630/http://www.siriusartscentre.ie/ . live .
  38. Web site: Cobh People's Regatta . cobhpeoplesregatta.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20180324001255/http://www.cobhpeoplesregatta.com/ . 24 March 2018 .
  39. Web site: Cobh People's Regatta 2018 . Cobh Tourism . visitcobh.com . 1 August 2018 . 4 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105145404/http://www.visitcobh.com/index.php/2018/08/01/cobh-peoples-regatta-2018/ . 5 January 2019 . dead .
  40. Web site: Cannes Is No Longer The Only Premier Film Festival By The Sea . Cobh Edition . cobhedition.com . 5 October 2012 . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043123/http://cobhedition.com/?p=20617 . live .
  41. Web site: Reconstructing the pain of the past to film a literary legend . Independent News & Media . independent.ie . 9 January 2000 . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043545/https://www.independent.ie/woman/celeb-news/reconstructing-the-pain-of-the-past-to-film-a-literary-legend-26252866.html . live .
  42. Web site: Scoil Iosaef Naofa – Sciath na Scol Finalists . Cobh Edition . cobhedition.com . 20 May 2011 . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043120/http://cobhedition.com/?p=12636 . live .
  43. Web site: Cobh GAA - Contacts . Cobh GAA . cobhgaa.com . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043501/http://www.cobhgaa.com/contentPage/303089/c_o_n_t_a_c_t . live .
  44. Web site: Club Focus: Cobh Pirates . Munster Rugby . munsterrugby.ie . 7 February 2014 . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105094138/https://munsterrugby.ie/domestic_news/club-focus-cobh-pirates/ . live .
  45. Web site: Cobh Pirates RFC celebrates 125 years in 2015 . Cobh Edition . cobhedition.com . 10 March 2015 . 9 November 2019 . 25 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151225175148/http://www.cobhedition.com/?p=28053 . live .
  46. Web site: Stephen Christopher departs Cobh Ramblers ahead of First Division run-in . extratime.ie . 25 July 2019 . 7 December 2019 . 7 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207201500/https://www.extratime.ie/articles/23315/stephen-christopher-departs-cobh-ramblers-ahead-of-first-division-run-in/ . live .
  47. Web site: Cobh Ramblers land massive Dundalk home tie in cup semi-final . The Echo . echolive.ie . 14 May 2018 . 7 December 2019 . "We have a 4,000 capacity in St Colman’s Park — hopefully we could fill the place up" . 7 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207155308/https://www.echolive.ie/corksport/Cobh-Ramblers-land-massive-Dundalk-home-tie-in-cup-semi-final-fa04eeab-7867-41e8-b460-f76e03f9ed7e-ds . live .
  48. Web site: Exhibition match at Rushbrooke . Croquet Association of Ireland . croquetireland.com . 23 October 2011 . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105094238/http://www.croquetireland.com/node/162 . live .
  49. Web site: Rushbrooke Rowing Club History. rushbrookerc.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20151018193439/http://www.rushbrookerc.com/index.php?p=custom&page_id=1 . 18 October 2015 .
  50. Web site: A look back on Cobh's horticultural heroine, Anne Elizabeth Ball . Irish Examiner . irishexaminer.com . 27 February 2016 . 4 January 2019 . 4 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104231156/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/gardening/a-look-back-on-cobhs-horticultural-heroine-anne-elizabeth-ball-384404.html . live .
  51. Web site: Ball | Robert | 1802-1857 | naturalist, president of the Geological Society of Ireland . Nahste.ac.uk . 2013-03-26 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120714210042/http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0336.html . 2012-07-14 .
  52. Web site: Burton, Decimus - Biography . Irish Architectural Archive . Dictionary of Irish Architects . 4 January 2019 . 12 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190812135457/https://www.dia.ie/architects/view/783/BURTON,%2BDECIMUS%2B%2523 . live .
  53. Web site: A miner with a heart of gold – the extraordinary Nellie Cashman . Irish Times . irishtimes.com . 28 April 2017 . 4 January 2019 . 30 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130021943/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/a-miner-with-a-heart-of-gold-an-irishman-s-diary-about-the-extraordinary-nellie-cashman-1.3063916 . live .
  54. Web site: Famous People of Cobh . Cobh Tourism . visitcobh.com . 4 January 2019 . 4 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104231016/http://www.visitcobh.com/index.php/famous-people-of-cobh/ . live .
  55. Web site: Collection - Corporal Frederick Jeremiah Edwards VC . National Army Museum . nam.ac.uk . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043323/https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=2008-01-3-2 . live .
  56. News: Sailor Joe English (58) passes away. The Irish Times. David. Branigan. 4 November 2014. subscription. 24 February 2020. 5 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205091123/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/sailor-joe-english-58-passes-away-1.1987847. live.
  57. Web site: Roy Keane is returning to Cobh Ramblers (for one night only though) . Sports Joe . sportsjoe.ie . 12 February 2015 . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043325/https://www.sportsjoe.ie/football/roy-keane-is-returning-to-football-with-cobh-ramblers-but-its-only-for-one-night-13219 . live .
  58. Web site: . Lovett, Ann . September 2023 . Liz . Evers .
  59. Web site: Cobh's Sean McLoughlin in Irish U21 side to face Israel & Germany . Cobh Edition . cobhedition.com . 5 October 2018 . 6 September 2019 .
  60. Web site: Beck, Elizabeth Louisa Moresby . Simon Fraser University . SFU Digitized Collections . 6 September 2019 . 6 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190906102503/https://digital.lib.sfu.ca/ceww-657/beck-elizabeth-louisa-moresby . live .
  61. Web site: Player Profile - John O'Flynn . Extratime . extratime.ie . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105042957/http://www.extratime.ie/player/258/john_oflynn/ . live .
  62. Web site: Mike Quill: The Irishman Martin Luther King described as 'a man the ages will remember' . Irish Examiner . irishexaminer.com . 26 January 2016 . 4 January 2019 . Quill and Thomas H O’Shea, a native of Queenstown (now Cobh), were the two main founders of the Transport Workers Union (TWU) . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105053444/https://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/mike-quill-the-irishman-martin-luther-king-described-as-a-man-the-ages-will-remember-378101.html . live .
  63. Web site: The life of Fiona Shaw . Independent News & Media . independent.ie . 11 May 2014 . 4 January 2019 . 4 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104231124/https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/the-life-of-fiona-shaw-30259524.html . live .
  64. Web site: Our People - Cllr Sinead Sheppard Cork County Council . Fine Gael . finegael.ie . 4 January 2019 . 24 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190524173606/https://www.finegael.ie/our-people/councillors/cork/cork-county/cobh/sinead-sheppard/ . live .
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  66. Web site: Statement by Bishop Donal McKeown on the death of Bishop Patrick Walsh RIP, Bishop Emeritus of Down and Connor . catholicbishops.ie. 29 December 2023 . 12 May 2024 .
  67. Book: Cork Harbour Through . Kieran . McCarthy . Daniel . Breen . 2014 . The [Cobh/Verolme] site's earlier shipbuilding heritage dates back to Joseph Wheeler in 1854 . Amberley Publishing . 9781445634265 .
  68. Web site: Gmina - Miasta partnerskie - Cobh (Irlandia) . UM Kolbuszowa . kolbuszowa.pl . pl . 4 January 2019 . 5 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105200949/http://www.kolbuszowa.pl/24-gmina/151-miasta-partnerskie/165-cobh-irlandia.html . live .
  69. Web site: Cobh, County Cork, Republic of Ireland . Pontarddulais Town Council . 13 October 2010 . 2013-03-26 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121219084021/http://www.pontarddulaistowncouncil.gov.uk/Core/Pontarddulais-Tc/Pages/Twinning_1.aspx . 19 December 2012 .

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