Courmes family explained

Courmes family
Origin:	Courmes, Grasse
Type:	Bourgeoisie
Country:	France,
Founder:	Captain Huguenot Luc Corme 1580

The Courmes family (olim de Corma, Corme, Cormesse in the feminine and Courme^[1]) is a French family. Their origins come from the ancient French bourgeoisie ['''[[:fr:Liste de familles subsistantes d'ancienne bourgeoisie française|fr]]], Grasse,^{[2] [3]} in Lower Provence.
His birthplace is the neighboring village of Courmes and his filiation followed and proven, in agnatic parentage, since 1580, and followed since 1176.

Etymology

. The name appears for the first time in the Gallia Christiana nova;^{[4] [5]} on September 29, 1176, P. de Corma witnessed the signing of a charter between Bertrand de Grasse and Bertrand 1st, bishop of Antibes.

Marie-Thérèse Morlet defines it as a name of locality of origin and more precisely, in this category, a name of provenance, meaning "the one who comes from Courmes".^[6]

Albert Dauzat describes the meaning of the name as old Provençal, corma, cornouille. A place planted with dogwood.^[7]

First family from the 12th century to the 16th century

The existence of a first family of this name was identified by Gilette Gauthier-Ziegler, Archivist-Paleographer.^[8] She observes that "from the end of the 14th century to the end of the 15th the Courmes were part of the families which immutably passed on the functions of advisors to the Council of city".

The existence of a first family was confirmed more recently, in 2018, by French historian Thierry Pécout.^[9]

A line of lawyers

If at first glance, this position in the city and in the Consilium ordinarium seems immutable, the Canadian historian professor Jean-Luc Bonnaud^[10] allows us to detect a career evolution, « over several generations and most of whose solidarity is played out between the members of this bourgeoisie. »

Some traces appear in the 13th century, this family held judicial positions and almost all the male members were lawyers. They begins from the world of regardatores and notarius become clavaire or baile-clavaire. Their official functions allowing them to be well aware of the market for county farms and the process of renting them, they were able to raise impressive sums of money and take risks to rent the rights of the gabelle. These wealthy officers are not yet a homogeneous social group, but this success allows them to send their children to pursue university studies. Once graduated, became Jurisperitus, with predicate of honor nobilis.

A beginning of filiation appears, in the 15th and 16th centuries, with the three sons of Lady Catherine Cormesse and her husband noble Honorat Corme, doctor of law, Jurisperitus : Elzéar,^[11] Pierre^[12] and noble Jacques.^[13]

Second family from the 16th century to the 21st century

French Wars of Religion

The surviving Courmes family, whose lineage has been proven since the 16th century, comes in agnatic lineage from the Huguenot captain Luc Corme^[14] and his wife Jane Henrique. The life of Luc is known mainly by the fact that he tested twice.^[15] On April 14, 1580,^{[16] [17]} during a period of plague, and on November 21, 1589,^{[18] [19]} the day after the defeat of the Huguenots at Grasse.

On November 14, 1589, Baron de Vins, leader of the Leaguers in Provence, laid siege under the ramparts of Grasse. The city resisted for more than a week, attacked by two thousand infantrymen and a thousand cavalry. At the end of this bloody week Grasse capitulated.^[20] Luc survived but he abjures.^{[21] [22]}

Business world

The pre-eminence of the tannery for centuries of Grasse life is indisputable, all notable families participate profitably in it. Gaspard Courmes in 1690 became the first soapmaker in Grasse.^[23] The Courmes houses undoubtedly represented by far the two most important businesses in Grasse, the soap factory maintains close relationships by its very nature, with the oil mill and the emerging perfumeryThe Courmes had warehouses in Grasse and Cannes.^{[24] [25]} Claude-Marie Courmes' soap factory is the most modern.^[26] The Courmes house, linked to major Marseille commerce,^[27] invests in a commercial fleet and takes shares notably in the "Tartane Saint-Pierre", "L'avenir" and the "Rose-Louise".^[28]

French Revolution

On the eve of the French Revolution, the Courmes were part of the 28 families of Grasse's high society, listed by Hervé de Fontmichel ['''[[:fr:Hervé de Fontmichel|fr]]].^[29]

Claude-Marie Courmes was part of a group of young royalists from Grasse, the "Children of the Sun" who notably formed a counter-revolutionary gathering on Ventôse 7, Year V (February 25, 1797). Member of the district electoral college in 1804, general councilor of Var from 1811 to 1833, sitting in the majority supporting the July monarchy.^[30] Suspected in Year II, he entered the municipal council after Thermidor, he was prosecuted after the republican coup of Year V (1796-1797 September 4).^[31]

World Wars

The Courmes gave officers to France:

Captaine Arthur Louis Courmes, . He fought during Franco-Prussian War.^[32]

son of Arthur, Chief d'escadrons Marcel Louis Courmes,, École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (1905-1907), École de cavalerie, Saumur (1907-1909), he graduated Major out of 60.^[33] He was a french aviator in 1915 during the World War I.

son of Marcel, Lieutenant Christian Courmes,, Siege of Calais (1940), prisoner in 1942 at the Colditz fortress.^{[34] [35]} Escaped from Oflag X-C, not recaptured, he joined the French Forces of the Interior.

sister of Christian, Gilberte Courmes, wife of the Companions of Liberation Colonel Maurice Delage,,^[36] X 1925 he joined General Leclerc's Force "L" and created the 13th engineering battalion of the 2nd Armored Division, taking command of which he took part in the Operation Overlord and the Liberation of Paris.^{[37] [38] [39]}

Impressionism

On March 21, 1910 in Grez-sur-Loing, Chief d'escadrons Marcel Courmes married Louise Read Chadwick,^[40] daughter of the American painter Francis Brooks Chadwick and the Swedish painter Emma Löwstädt-Chadwick.

• Huguenot Captain Luc Corme, he tested twice in 1580 and 1589 (? - before 1620). married to Jehane Henrique who tested in 1580. Of which :
  • Antoine Courmes, (? - before March 1638) (cited in the marriage contract of his brother Vincent in 1621 and in the marriage contract of his son Honoré on March 10, 1638), married December 30, 1604 to Honorade Albarne. Of which :
    • Nicolas Courmes, born August 8, 1616, Merchant master shoemaker from Grasse, married December 28, 1643 to Lucrèce Pons. Of which :
      • Honoré Courmes, Merchant from Grasse (1661-1733), married on December 9, 1683 to Jeanne Guidal (1659-1724). Of which :
        • Gaspard Courmes, Merchant in Grasse, born November 6, 1664 and died in 1749, married March 2, 1699 to Françoise Ferron (1682-1748). Of which :
          • Claude Courmes, Bourgeois de Grasse, merchant, born January 27, 1703, married March 3, 1727 to Marie-Marguerite Pons. Of which :
            • Pierre-Gaspard Courmes (1731-1802), Bourgeois of Grasse, merchant, consul of Grasse, administrator of the department of Var (1792), rector of the white penitents of Grasse (1769, 1770 and 1783). Of which :
              • Claude-Marie Courmes (1770-1865), Bourgeois of Grasse, trader, shipowner. General councilor (1811-1833) and deputy for Var (1831-1834), mayor of Grasse (1830-1835). Married in 1801 to Marie Marguerite Justine Isnard (1779-1851), niece of Baron Isnard. Of which :
              • Antoine Joseph Matthieu Courmes (1777-1858), Bourgeois de Grasse, merchant and consul of Grasse, he bought with his brother, in 1813, the old Clapier Cabris hotel. Married to Justine Boulay. Of which :
                • Captain Arthur Antoine Louis Courmes, born July 29, 1848. Married to Euphémie Louise Gabrielle Segond. Knight of the Legion of Honour. Of which :
                  • Chief d'escadrons Marcel Courmes, born June 13, 1885, married March 21, 1910 to Louise Chadwick. Student at the Special Military School of Saint-Cyr (1905-1907), 90th promotion known as The Last of the Old Bahut. Graduated 6th out of 277, then student at the Cavalry School of Saumur (1907-1909) from which he graduated at the top of his class. Aviator in 1915. Knight of the Legion of Honor on August 15, 1915. Of which :
                    • Lieutenant Christian Courmes (1913-1987), he was taken prisoner on May 26, 1940 and was sent on April 10, 1941 to Oflag IV-D where he made several escape attempts. He was transferred in August 1942 to the Colditz fortress where he spent a year and after further unsuccessful escape work, he was sent in August 1943 to the Lübeck special camp Oflag X-C. He proposed to his comrades the "call tunnel". He managed to escape on his sixth attempt on May 18, 1944 and joined the French Forces of the Interior. Of which :

Coats of arms

Father Louis Courmes, priest, "Bénéficier en l'Église Catédralle de Grasse" received arms in 1696:^[41]
« Vert, a bend or »

Odonymy

• Boulevard Courmes, 06530 Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne
• Rue Courmes, 83000 Toulon
• Chemin des Courmes, 06140 Tourrettes-sur-Loup

Bibliography

• Georges Doublet, Collection of acts of the Bishops of Antibes Monaco, Paris, Picard, 1915
• Gilette Gauthier-Ziegler, History of Grasse in the Middle Ages of 1155 to 1482, Picard, 1935.
• Hervé Court de Fontmichel, Le Pays de Grasse, Grasset, 1963.
• Jean-Luc Bonnaud, A state in Provence. The local officers of the Count of Provence in the 14th century (1309-1382), Presse Universitaires de Rennes, Collection: Histoire 2007.
• Thierry Pécout, The farm of royal rights in Angevin Provence (12th-14th century): A method of government, École Française de Rome, 2018.

Notes and References

1. [Marie-Thérèse Morlet]
2. Gilette Gauthier-Ziegler, "History of Grasse in the Middle Ages of 1155 to 1482", Picard, 1935, p.137
3. Hervé Court de Fontmichel, Le Pays de Grasse, Grasset, 1963, p.30
4. A. Arch. departure. des Alpes-Maritimes, G 1035; unsealed. IND. : Gallia Christiana nova, t. III, col. 1153
5. Georges Doublet, Collection of acts of the Bishops of Antibes Monaco, Paris, Picard, 1915, p.122
6. Marie-Thérèse Morlet, "Dictionary of family names, Librairie Académie Perrin, coll. "Presence of history", 2005, p.249
7. [Albert Dauzat]
8. Gilette Gauthier-Ziegler, "History of Grasse in the Middle Ages from 1155 to 1482", Picard, 1935, p.137
9. Thierry Pécout in his book "The farm of royal rights in Angevin Provence (12th-14th century): A method of government, École Française de Rome, 2018, p.155.
10. Jean-Luc Bonnaud, "A state in Provence. The local officers of the Count of Provence in the 14th century (1309-1382) » Presse Universitaires de Rennes, Collection "Histoire" 2007.
11. Elzear Corme, notarius : https://www.departement06.fr/documents/A-votre-service/Culture/archives/recherches-regionales/recherchesregionales184.pdf
12. Pierre Corme, notarius, résident citoyen grassois : https://www.departement06.fr/documents/A-votre-service/Culture/archives/recherches-regionales/recherchesregionales184.pdf
13. noble Jacques Corme, notarius, jurisperitus : https://www.departement06.fr/documents/Import/decouvrir-les-am/rr186-lesarchivesmedievales.pdf
14. https://www.departement06.fr/documents/A-votre-service/Culture/archives/recherches-regionales/recherches_regionales_217_1.pdf
15. Huguenot Captain Luc Corme has four brothers: Master Bernard Corme, doctor of law; Jacques; Pierre and Giraud, this last owner of a vineyard
16. April 14, 1580. First testament of Captain Luc Corme and his wife Jane Henrique : Arch. not. de Grasse, 3E-1-273 f° 588.
17. Web site: Actes en Vrac . 2023-12-01 . www.francegenweb.org . fr.
18. November 21, 1589. Second testament of Captain Luc Corme : Arch. not. de Grasse, 3E-76-11
19. Web site: Actes en Vrac . 2023-12-01 . www.francegenweb.org . fr.
20. Web site: Desbois . Jean Marie . 2007-01-01 . La mort de Monsieur de Vins devant Grasse (Aix-en-Provence, 20 novembre 1589) . 2023-12-01 . GénéProvence . fr-FR.
21. Luc abjures by Elegant burial of his body after the soul will be separated in The church of the convent of the preaching brothers
22. Web site: Couvent et église des Frères Prêcheurs HADÈS Archéologie . 2023-12-01 . www.hades-archeologie.com.
23. https://www.pressreader.com/france/var-matin-la-seyne-sanary/20170528/281968902638245
24. Jean Marie Cresp, Grasse Capital of Oriental Provence
25. Chantal Raybaud, Cannes: a century of tradition maritime Editions Serre, 1987,
26. Les Alpes-Maritimes, 1860-1914: integration and particularisms: acts of Nice conference, 1987, University of Nice, Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences, Center for the History of Law, Serre, 1988,
27. Alain Ruggiero, Histoire de Cannes, Éditions Privat, 2011
28. Jean- Marie Cresp, Grasse capital of Eastern Provence, TAC Motifs. Spéracèdes 1992, .
29. Hervé Court de Fontmichel, Le Pays de Grasse, Grasset, 1963, p.30 "Grasse's high societydescribed as "extremely closed, united by blood and interest". It includes an aristocratic minority of feudal origin and a majority of families, noble or notable, from the business world"
30. Michel Vovelle et Hervé de Fontmichel, "Deux notables provençaux sous la Révolution française", p.199
31. Frédéric d'Agay "Les Grands Notables du Premier Empire", Var, CNRS, 1987, page 211
32. Service status of the Captaine Arthur Courmes : SHD - GR 5YE 86783
33. Service status of the Squadron leader Marcel Courmes : SHD - GR 8YE 3139.
34. Service status of the Lieutenant Christian Courmes : SHD - GR 2000-2-202-02818, Available at Fort de Vincennes
35. Leonce Petitcolin, Les fortes têtes, 1940-1944, La forteresse de Colditz. editing France-Empire 1985. page 20 et suite.
36. Civil status, extract from the register of birth certificates for the year 1906. Maurice Delage married in second marriage Douala, Cameroon, on August 7, 1946, to Gilberte Louise Courmes
37. Web site: Biographie - Ordre National de la Libération.
38. Jean-Christophe Notin, 1061 compagnons : Histoire des Compagnons de la Libération, editing Perrin, 2000
39. Vladimir Trouplin, Dictionnaire des Compagnons de la Libération, editing Elytis, 2010
40. Frederick Delius, Delius, a Life in Letters: 1862-1908, Harvard University Press, 1983, (lire en ligne).
41. [Charles d'Hozier (1640-1732)|Charles d'Hozier]