Council for Christian Colleges and Universities explained

Council for Christian Colleges and Universities
Size:230px
Abbreviation:CCCU
Type:Non-governmental organization
Headquarters:Washington, D.C., United States
Region Served:21 countries
Membership:185
Leader Title:President

Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU) is an international organization of evangelical Christian colleges and universities. The headquarters is in Washington, D.C., United States.

History

In 1976, presidents of colleges in Christian College Consortium called a meeting in Washington, D.C. to organize a Coalition for Christian Colleges that could expand the objectives of the consortium.[1] Representatives from 38 colleges participated in the founding meeting to establish a new organization to provide a unified voice representing the interests and concerns of Christian colleges to government decision-makers and the general public.[2] The Coalition and the Consortium shared facilities in Washington, D.C. until 1982, when the Consortium relocated to St. Paul, Minnesota and the Coalition formally incorporated as an independent organization. In 1995, the organization changed its name to the Coalition for Christian Colleges and Universities; in 1999 it changed again to the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities. In 2023, CCCU had 185 members in 21 countries.[3]

Leadership

In September 2014, Shirley V. Hoogstra was named the Council's seventh president.[4] Before that, she was the vice president for student life at Calvin University in Grand Rapids, Michigan, after having served for four years on Calvin's Board of Trustees. While at Calvin, Hoogstra also served as a cabinet member who became familiar with team building, campus-wide planning and communications. She was also the co-host of Inner Compass, a nationally televised show on PBS.[5] She has served in a variety of volunteer leadership roles for CCCU institutes and commissions, and is the Council's first female president.[6] The previous president, Edward O. Blews Jr., served from January 1, 2013, to October 22, 2013.[7] [8] William P. Robinson, former president of Whitworth University, was named the interim president[7] before Hoogstra was appointed.

The council has a 17-member board of directors, most of whom are presidents of member institutions.[9] The chair is Dan Boone, president of Trevecca Nazarene University.[10]

Programs

Advocacy

CCCU seeks to provide a unified voice for faith-based institutions of higher learning on policy matters that affect its constituency and to equip members to engage in effective advocacy on the state and local level. The advocacy agenda as of 2019 included concerns about religious liberty, institutional autonomy, student financial aid, immigration, environmental stewardship, and government regulation affecting higher education.[11]

Services

CCCU provides programs and services for presidents and administrators, trustees, faculty, and students of member institutions. These include many professional development opportunities, such as annual gatherings for its college and university presidents, and annual conferences for member Chief Institutional Development Officers; Communication, Marketing and Media Officers; Chief Enrollment Officers; Chief Financial Officers; Campus Ministry Directions, and other leadership development programs. Other member services include webinars, grant-making opportunities for scholarship and research, discipline specific forums, networking communities, a tuition waver exchange program, and an online career center.[12] Members also receive access to the Council's biannual magazine called CCCU ADVANCE, as well as regular news updates, website resources on scholarship, and information related to Christian higher education policy and issues. In 2019 the Council launched an online consortium to allow participating schools to share online courses.[13]

CCCU GlobalEd

The CCCU administers a number of student off-campus study programs around the world through CCCU GlobalEd (formerly known as BestSemester). Its first off-campus program, the American Studies Program, was established in Washington, D.C. in the 1970s. It added a contemporary music program in Nashville and a film studies program in Los Angeles, as well as international study abroad programs in Australia, Latin America, the Middle East, Northern Ireland, Oxford, England, and Uganda. Over 14,500 students and growing have benefitted from these academically rigorous, Christ-centered, experiential education programs for almost 50 years. The Australian and Latin American programs ceased operation in 2020. The Nashville, Los Angeles, Uganda, and Northern Ireland programs have all been acquired by CCCU member institutions. A program in Russia (Russian Studies Program) operated from 1994 to 2010. A program in China (China Studies Program) operated from 2000 to 2016 . A program in India (India Studies Program) operated from 2011 to 2015.

Membership

CCCU institutions are accredited, comprehensive colleges and universities whose missions are Christ-centered and rooted in the historic Christian faith. Most also have curricula rooted in the arts and sciences. Member institutions are divided into four major categories depending on type of institution, agreement the council's defining commitments, and geographical location.

In 2016, the organization adopted a membership policy that contains a clause affirming its commitment to heterosexual Christian marriage.[14] The policy defined six criteria according to which affiliated schools would be designated as governing members, associate members, or collaborative partners.[15] Schools located outside of the United States or Canada are classified as International Affiliates.

Withdrawals from membership

In 2015, Union University[16] and Oklahoma Wesleyan University[17] withdrew from membership in the CCCU because of a policy change by two member institutions to hire same-sex couples. A potential split within the CCCU was avoided with the announcement on September 21, 2015 that both Goshen College and Eastern Mennonite University, the two colleges that changed their policies to hire same-sex couples, had withdrawn from the council. The council issued a statement affirming the traditional Christian view of marriage as between a man and a woman.[18] A task force was appointed to examine the rationale for the existing associational categories plus address how to remain rooted in traditional Christianity, leading to the announcement of a new membership policy in 2016.[19] Bluffton University also withdrew its membership in the council in December 2015 when it announced a policy change to allow hiring gay and lesbian employees.[20]

On November 3, 2015, The Master's College announced their withdrawal from the CCCU due to the college's "concerns about the direction of the CCCU" on issues such as Creation and Evolution and same-sex marriage, stating that "the vast majority of [CCCU] member schools do not accept the Genesis account of creation or the inerrancy of Scripture".[21] Cedarville University and Shorter University also withdrew from the council over concerns that the council's rejection of same-sex marriage was not swift or complete enough.[22]

Governing member institutions

Governing (voting) members must fulfill all six criteria:

[23] [24] [25]
Abilene Christian UniversityAbilene, TexasChurches of Christ1982
Ambrose UniversityCalgary, AlbertaChristian and Missionary Alliance2007
Anderson UniversityAnderson, IndianaChurch of God (Anderson)1982
Anderson UniversityAnderson, South CarolinaSouth Carolina Baptist Convention2011
Asbury UniversityWilmore, KentuckyNondenominational1976
Azusa Pacific UniversityAzusa, CaliforniaNondenominational1976
Belhaven UniversityJackson, MississippiPresbyterian Church (USA)1979
Bethany Lutheran CollegeMankato, MinnesotaEvangelical Lutheran Synod2017
Bethel UniversityMishawaka, IndianaMissionary Church1984
Bethel UniversityArden Hills, MinnesotaBaptist General Conference1976
Biola UniversityLa Mirada, CaliforniaInter-denominational1976
Bluefield UniversityBluefield, VirginiaBaptist General Association of Virginia2008
Bushnell UniversityEugene, OregonChristian churches and churches of Christ and Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)1981
California Baptist UniversityRiverside, CaliforniaSouthern Baptist Convention1990
Calvin UniversityGrand Rapids, MichiganChristian Reformed Church1981
Campbellsville UniversityCampbellsville, KentuckySouthern Baptist Convention1976
Central Baptist CollegeConway, ArkansasBaptist Missionary Association of America2021
Central Christian College of KansasMcPherson, KansasFree Methodist Church2001
Charleston Southern UniversityNorth Charleston, South CarolinaSouth Carolina Baptist Convention2003
Clarks Summit UniversityClarks Summit, PennsylvaniaBaptist2021
College of the OzarksPoint Lookout, MissouriNondenominational1996
Colorado Christian UniversityLakewood, ColoradoInter-denominational1985
Concordia University Ann ArborAnn Arbor, MichiganLutheran Church–Missouri Synod2019[26]
Concordia University ChicagoRiver Forest, IllinioisLutheran Church–Missouri Synod2021
Concordia University IrvineIrvine, California2011
Concordia University NebraskaSweard, NebraskaLutheran Church–Missouri Synod
Concordia University WisconsinMequon, WisconsinLutheran Church–Missouri Synod2019
Corban UniversitySalem, OregonNondenominational1992
Cornerstone UniversityGrand Rapids, MichiganInterdenominational1991
Covenant CollegeLookout Mountain, GeorgiaPresbyterian Church in America1976
Crown CollegeSt. Bonifacius, MinnesotaChristian and Missionary Alliance1997
Dallas Baptist UniversityDallasBaptist General Convention of Texas1984
Dordt UniversitySioux Center, IowaChristian Reformed Church1981
East Texas Baptist UniversityMarshall, TexasBaptist General Convention of Texas1995
Eastern Nazarene CollegeQuincy, MassachusettsChurch of the Nazarene1982
Emmanuel UniversityFranklin Springs, GeorgiaInternational Pentecostal Holiness Church2011
Erskine CollegeDue West, South CarolinaAssociate Reformed Presbyterian Church1981
Evangel UniversitySpringfield, MissouriAssemblies of God USA1976
Faulkner UniversityMontgomery, AlabamaChurches of Christ2014
Fresno Pacific UniversityFresno, CaliforniaMennonite Brethren Church1981
Beaver Falls, PennsylvaniaReformed Presbyterian Church of North America1976
George Fox UniversityNewberg, OregonNorthwest Yearly Meeting of Friends1976
Gordon CollegeWenham, MassachusettsMulti-Denominational1976
Grace College & SeminaryWinona Lake, IndianaFellowship of Grace Brethren Churches1976
Greenville UniversityGreenville, IllinoisFree Methodist Church1976
Hannibal–LaGrange UniversityHannibal, MissouriSouthern Baptist Convention2010
Hardin–Simmons UniversityAbilene, TexasBaptist General Convention of Texas2003
Harding UniversitySearcy, ArkansasChurches of Christ2015
Hope International UniversityFullerton, CaliforniaChristian churches and churches of Christ1994
Houghton UniversityHoughton, New YorkWesleyan Church1976
Houston Christian UniversityHoustonBaptist General Convention of Texas2000
Howard Payne UniversityBrownwood, TexasBaptist General Convention of Texas2000
Huntington UniversityHuntington, IndianaUnited Brethren Church1978
Indiana Wesleyan UniversityMarion, IndianaWesleyan Church1976
Jessup UniversityRocklin, CaliforniaNondenominational2004
John Brown UniversitySiloam Springs, ArkansasInter-denominational1976
Judson UniversityElgin, IllinoisAmerican Baptist Churches USA1976
Kentucky Christian UniversityGrayson, KentuckyChristian churches and churches of Christ1999
King UniversityBristol, TennesseePresbyterian Church (USA)1979
Lee UniversityCleveland, TennesseeChurch of God (Cleveland)1981
LeTourneau UniversityLongview, TexasInter-denominational1985
Lipscomb UniversityNashville, TennesseeChurches of Christ1999
Lubbock Christian UniversityLubbock, TexasChurches of Christ2018
Malone UniversityCanton, OhioEvangelical Friends Church - Eastern Region1976
Mechanicsburg, PennsylvaniaInter-denominational1976
Mid-America Christian UniversityOklahoma City, OklahomaChurch of God (Anderson)
MidAmerica Nazarene UniversityOlathe, KansasChurch of the Nazarene1978
Milligan UniversityMilligan College, TennesseeChristian Churches and Churches of Christ1984
Clinton, MississippiSouthern Baptist Convention2003
Missouri Baptist UniversityCreve Coeur, MissouriSouthern Baptist Convention2005
Montreat CollegeMontreat, North CarolinaInter-denominational1985
Mount Vernon Nazarene UniversityMount Vernon, OhioChurch of the Nazarene1982
Multnomah UniversityPortland, Oregon2007
North Central UniversityMinneapolis, MinnesotaAssemblies of God USA2010
North Park UniversityChicagoEvangelical Covenant Church1981
Northwest Nazarene UniversityNampa, IdahoChurch of the Nazarene1979
Northwest UniversityKirkland, WashingtonAssemblies of God USA1992
Northwestern CollegeOrange City, IowaReformed Church in America1978
Oklahoma Baptist UniversityShawnee, OklahomaSouthern Baptist Convention1994
Oklahoma Christian UniversityOklahoma CityChurches of Christ1998
Olivet Nazarene UniversityBourbonnais, IllinoisChurch of the Nazarene1978
Oral Roberts UniversityTulsa, Oklahoma1997
Ouachita Baptist UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasArkansas Baptist State Convention2018
Palm Beach Atlantic UniversityWest Palm Beach, FloridaInter-denominational1982
Point Loma Nazarene UniversitySan DiegoChurch of the Nazarene1979
Point UniversityWest Point, GeorgiaNondenominatonal2018
Redeemer UniversityAncaster, OntarioChristian Reformed Church1986
Regent UniversityVirginia Beach, VirginiaInter-denominational1995
Roberts Wesleyan UniversityNorth Chili, New YorkFree Methodist Church1982
San Diego Christian CollegeSantee, CaliforniaNondenominational2008
Seattle Pacific UniversitySeattleFree Methodist1976
Simpson UniversityRedding, CaliforniaChristian and Missionary Alliance1976
Southeastern UniversityLakeland, FloridaAssemblies of God USA2002
Southern Adventist UniversityCollegedale, TennesseeSeventh-day Adventist Church2022
Southern Nazarene UniversityBethany, OklahomaChurch of the Nazarene1978
Southern Wesleyan UniversityCentral, South CarolinaWesleyan Church1978
Southwest Baptist UniversityBolivar, MissouriSouthern Baptist Convention1995
Spring Arbor UniversitySpring Arbor, MichiganFree Methodist Church1978
Sterling CollegeSterling, KansasNondenominational1980
Tabor CollegeHillsboro, KansasMennonite Brethren Church1979
Taylor UniversityUpland, IndianaNondenominational1976
Toccoa Falls CollegeToccoa, GeorgiaChristian and Missionary Alliance2008
Trevecca Nazarene UniversityNashville, TennesseeChurch of the Nazarene1980
Trinity Christian CollegePalos Heights, Illinois1980
Trinity International UniversityDeerfield, IllinoisEvangelical Free Church1976
Trinity Western UniversityEvangelical Free Church1986
University of Mary Hardin–BaylorBelton, TexasBaptist General Convention of Texas2008
University of Northwestern – St. PaulRoseville, MinnesotaNondenominational1980
University of the SouthwestHobbs, New MexicoNondenominational2008
Vanguard UniversityCosta Mesa, CaliforniaAssemblies of God USA1981
Walla Walla UniversityCollege Place, WashingtonSeventh-day Adventist Church
Warner UniversityLake Wales, FloridaChurch of God1982
Wayland Baptist UniversityPlainview, TexasBaptist General Convention of Texas2021
Westmont CollegeMontecito, California1976
Wheaton CollegeWheaton, IllinoisInter-denominational1976
Wisconsin Lutheran CollegeMilwaukee, WisconsinWisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod2015
York UniversityYork, NebraskaChurches of Christ2012

Associate member institutions

Associate members must meet all the same criteria as governing members except institutional type and accreditation. Thus, institutions that do not offer a comprehensive undergraduate program (including Bible colleges or seminaries) can be associate members.

InstitutionLocationDenominational affiliationYear Joined
Arizona Christian UniversityPhoenix, ArizonaNondenominational2006
Asbury Theological SeminaryWilmore, KentuckyInter-denominational2002
Briercrest College and SeminaryCaronport, SaskatchewanInter-denominational2000
Cairn UniversityLanghorne, PennsylvaniaNondenominational1996
Columbia International UniversityColumbia, South CarolinaNondenominational2000
Crandall UniversityMoncton, New BrunswickCanadian Baptist1999
Dallas Theological SeminaryDallas, TexasNondenominational2007
Denver SeminaryLittleton, ColoradoNondenominational2019[27]
Fuller Theological SeminaryPasadena, CaliforniaNondenominational1996
Gordon-Conwell Theological SeminarySouth Hamilton, MassachusettsNondenominational2016
Johnson UniversityKnoxville, Tennessee2007
Kuyper CollegeGrand Rapids, Michigan1999
Life Pacific UniversitySan Dimas, CaliforniaInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel2014
Lincoln Christian UniversityLincoln, IllinoisChristian Churches and Churches of Christ2006
Martin Luther CollegeNew Ulm, MinnesotaWisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod2022
McMaster Divinity CollegeHamilton, Ontario2007
Mid-Atlantic Christian UniversityElizabeth City, North CarolinaChristian Churches and Churches of Christ2016
Moody Bible InstituteChicago, Illinois2001
Ohio Christian UniversityCircleville, OhioChurches of Christ in Christian Union2017
Ozark Christian CollegeJoplin, MissouriChristian churches and churches of Christ2019
Prairie CollegeThree Hills, AlbertaInter-denominational2004
Providence University College and Theological SeminaryOtterburne, ManitobaInter-denominational1996
Southwestern Christian UniversityBethany, OklahomaInternational Pentecostal Holiness Church2015
The King's CollegeNew York City, New YorkNondenominational1986
The King's UniversitySouthlake, TexasInter-denominational2021
Tyndale UniversityToronto, OntarioNondenominational1997
University of Valley ForgePhoenixville, PennsylvaniaAssemblies of God2003

Collaborative partner institutions

Collaborative partners must meet the first four criteria set for governing members (Christian mission, institutional type and accreditation, cooperation and participation, and institutional integrity), but may depart from last two: employment policies and Christian distinctions and advocacy. Institutions that do not require all of their faculty to be professing Christians and/or do not agree with all elements of the CCCU's advocacy agenda, but nevertheless wish to take part in the council's programs and partnerships, may be collaborative partners.

InstitutionLocationDenominational affiliationYear Joined
Baylor UniversityWaco, TexasBaptist General Convention of Texas2004
Booth University CollegeWinnipeg, ManitobaSalvation Army
Campbell UniversityBuies Creek, North CarolinaSouthern Baptist1979
Friends UniversityWichita, KansasNondenominational2014
LCC International UniversityKlaipėda, Lithuania1997
Pepperdine UniversityMalibu, CaliforniaChurches of Christ2010
Samford UniversityHomewood, AlabamaSouthern Baptist2010
Warner Pacific CollegePortland, OregonChurch of God (Anderson)1982
Whitworth UniversitySpokane, WashingtonPresbyterian Church (USA)1981

International affiliates

The CCCU has more than 30 colleges and universities in countries outside the U.S. and Canada.

InstitutionLocationDenominational affiliationYear Joined
Africa International UniversityNairobi, Kenya2005
Africa Nazarene UniversityNairobi, KenyaChurch of the Nazarene2002
Alphacrucis CollegeParramatta, New South WalesAssemblies of God2005
Avondale University CollegeCooranbong, New South Wales2010
Central University CollegeAccra, GhanaInternational Central Gospel Church2001
Baekseok UniversityCheonan, South Chungcheong, South Korea2019
Christelijke Hogeschool EdeEde, Netherlands2003
Christian Heritage CollegeBrisbane, Australia2013
Christ's CollegeTaipei, TaiwanPresbyterian Church in America1999
CSI Bishop Appasamy College of Arts and SciencesCoimbatore, IndiaChurch of South India Trust Association2001
Daystar UniversityNairobi, KenyaNon-Denominational Christian2022
Eastern College AustraliaMelbourne, Australia2019
Emmaus University of HaitiCercaville, Acul du Nord, HaitiWesleyan2019
Excelsia CollegeMacquarie Park, New South Wales2000
Handong Global UniversityPohang, South Korea2001
Jerusalem University CollegeJerusalem, Israel1998
John Wesley Theological CollegeBudapest, Hungary2003
Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in HungaryBudapest, Hungary2014
Laidlaw CollegeAuckland, New Zealand2000
LCC International UniversityKlaipėda, Lithuania1997
Liverpool Hope UniversityLiverpool, United Kingdom2020
Morling College2020
North Haiti Christian UniversityLimbé, Nord, HaitiAmerican Baptist2005
Queensland UniversityPort-au-Prince, Haiti2003
Sheng-te Christian CollegeTaoyuan City, Taiwan2000
Tabor (Australia)Adelaide, Australia, Australia2020
Tokyo Christian UniversityInzai, Chiba, Japan1995
Tunghai UniversityTaichung City, TaiwanNondenominational2021
Uganda Christian UniversityMukono, Uganda2000
Universidad Nacional EvangelicaSanto Domingo, Dominican Republic2015
Universitas Pelita HarapanBanten, Indonesia2003
University of the Holy LandJerusalem, Israel2017
Wycliffe HallOxford2006

External links

Notes and References

  1. George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christian Education, Volume 3, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2015, p. 348
  2. Encyclopedia: Council for Christian Colleges and Universities. Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism. Baylor University Press. Louisville. Balmer. Randall. 2004.
  3. Council for Christian Colleges & Universities, About, cccu.org, USA, retrieved February 4, 2023
  4. Web site: Council for Christian Colleges & Universities - President-Elect. Council for Christian Colleges & Universities. https://web.archive.org/web/20150619083932/http://www.cccu.org/about/leadership_and_staff/president_elect. June 19, 2015. dead. 2015-09-25.
  5. Web site: Calvin College - Inner Compass - Television Interview Show. Calvin College.
  6. Web site: CCCU Names First Woman as President Following Controversial Firing of Previous Leader. Christian Post.
  7. Web site: Christian-College Group Dismisses Its New President Without Explanation. Goldie Blumenstyk. 24 October 2013. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://web.archive.org/web/20180124122455/http://www.chronicle.com/article/Christian-College-Group/142593/?cid%3Dat. dead. 2018-01-24.
  8. Web site: After 'Careful Investigation,' Council for Christian Colleges and Universities Ousts President. Jeremy Weber. 22 October 2013. Christianity Today. 2015-09-25.
  9. Web site: Council for Christian Colleges & Universities - Board Of Directors. www.cccu.org. 2017-05-30.
  10. News: CCCU Leadership CCCU. CCCU. 2018-03-02. en-US.
  11. Web site: Advocacy. 2016-07-26. CCCU. 2019-04-23.
  12. Web site: Office of Professional Development & Research . Cccu.org . 2016-02-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114502/http://www.cccu.org/about/programs_and_services_office_of_professional_development_and_research . 2016-03-04 . dead .
  13. Web site: CCCU Launches Innovative Online Consortium. 2019-02-27. CCCU. 2019-08-29.
  14. Web site: CCCU adopts new membership policy. Derrick. J.C.. October 3, 2016. www.bpnews.net. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018142635/http://www.bpnews.net/47652. 2016-10-18. dead. 2018-01-17.
  15. News: Our Institutions CCCU. CCCU. 2018-01-17. en-US.
  16. Web site: 12 August 2015 . CCCU loses Union University . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150813220247/http://www.worldmag.com/2015/08/cccu_loses_union_university . 2015-08-13 . 2015-08-14 . World Magazine.
  17. Web site: J.C. Derrick . 31 August 2015 . Second school leaves the CCCU . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150902152346/http://www.worldmag.com/2015/08/second_school_leaves_the_cccu . 2015-09-02 . 2015-09-06 . WORLD Magazine.
  18. Web site: September 21, 2015 . Statement by the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU) Board of Directors re: Membership Consultation Process and Ongoing Commitment to Mission . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151025033855/https://cccu.org/news/articles/2015/StatementbytheCouncil . October 25, 2015 . October 18, 2017 . Council for Christian Colleges and Universities.
  19. Web site: J.C. Derrick . 21 September 2015 . EMU, Goshen voluntarily leave CCCU . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150922234255/http://www.worldmag.com/2015/09/emu_goshen_voluntarily_leave_cccu . 2015-09-22 . 2015-09-25 . WORLD.
  20. News: Jaschik . Scott . December 8, 2015 . Another Christian College Will Hire Gay People Inside Higher Ed . 2018-01-17.
  21. Web site: 2015-11-03 . Master's Moment: TMC Withdraws from CCCU . 2016-02-01 . Us9.campaign-archive1.com.
  22. Web site: Derrick . J.C. . July 29, 2016 . CCCU board considers membership requirements . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160730160943/http://www.bpnews.net/47301/cccu%2Dboard%2Dconsiders%2Dmembership%2Drequirements . 2016-07-30 . 2018-01-17 . www.bpnews.net . en.
  23. http://65.221.16.189/about/members.asp
  24. News: Two New Colleges Join the CCCU. 2015-08-19. the way of improvement leads home. 2018-01-16. en-US.
  25. News: Three New Institutions Join CCCU. August 29, 2017. CCCU. 2017-12-23. en-US.
  26. Web site: CCCU Welcomes Three New Institutions. 2019-08-21. CCCU. 2019-08-29.
  27. Web site: CCCU Welcomes Four New Institutions. 2019-03-25. CCCU. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413060905/https://www.cccu.org/news-updates/cccu-welcomes-four-new-institutions/. 2019-04-13. live. 2019-04-13.