| Coronation Island | |
| Image Map Caption: | Location of Coronation Island in the South Orkney Islands |
| Map: | Antarctica |
| Location: | Antarctica |
| Coordinates: | -60.6167°N -80°W |
| Archipelago: | South Orkney Islands |
| Area Km2: | 450 |
| Length Km: | 46 |
| Width Min Km: | 5.6 |
| Width Max Km: | 14.8 |
| Highest Mount: | Mount Nivea |
| Elevation M: | 1265 |
| Population: | 0 |
| Country: | None |
| Treaty System: | Antarctic Treaty System |
Coronation Island is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, 25nmi long and from 3nmi8nmi wide. The island extends in a general east–west direction, is mainly ice-covered and comprises numerous bays, glaciers and peaks, the highest rising to 1265m (4,150feet).[1]
The island was discovered in December 1821, in the course of the joint cruise by Captain Nathaniel Palmer, an American sealer, and Captain George Powell, a British sealer. Powell named the island in honour of the coronation of George IV, who had become king of the United Kingdom in 1820.[1]
An area of some 92 km2 of north-central Coronation Island has been designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 114), mainly for use as a relatively pristine reference site for use in comparative studies with more heavily impacted sites. It extends northwards from Brisbane Heights and Wave Peak in the central mountains to the coast between Conception Point in the west to Foul Point in the east. Most of the land in the site is covered by glacial ice, with small areas of ice-free terrain along the coast. Birds known to breed within the site include chinstrap penguins, Cape petrels and snow petrels.[2]
Many geographic features on and around Coronation Island have been charted and named by various exploration and survey groups.
The island's northwest point is called Penguin Point.[3] Several named rock formations are located offshore just west of Penguin Point, including the Melsom Rocks, the Despair Rocks, and Lay-brother Rock.[4] [5] [6]
The island's irregular coast is indented by a great number of bays.