Kayagar | |
Also Known As: | Cook River |
Region: | South Papua |
Familycolor: | Papuan |
Fam1: | Trans–New Guinea |
Fam2: | Kayagar–Kolopom |
Glotto: | kaya1327 |
Glottorefname: | Kayagaric |
Map: | Kayagar languages.svg |
Mapcaption: | Map: The Kayagar languages of New Guinea |
The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River in Province of South Papua, Indonesia:[1]
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1] [2]
Gondu River | Atohwaim | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sg | pl | sg | pl | ||
1 |
|
| naxa | nipi, neβi | |
2 |
|
| axa | aʔani | |
3 |
|
| – | – |
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]
gloss | Proto-Gondu River | |
---|---|---|
head |
| |
hair |
| |
ear |
| |
eye |
| |
nose |
| |
tooth |
| |
tongue |
| |
foot/leg |
| |
blood |
| |
bone |
| |
skin/bark |
| |
breast |
| |
louse |
| |
dog |
| |
pig |
| |
bird |
| |
egg |
| |
tree/wood |
| |
man/person |
| |
woman |
| |
sun |
| |
moon |
| |
water |
| |
fire |
| |
stone |
| |
path |
| |
name |
| |
eat |
| |
one |
| |
two |
|
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970)[3] and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),[4] [5] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[6]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. tikem, toxom for “head”) or not (e.g. icoxop, iripam for “ear”).
gloss | Tamagario | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
head | tikem | toxom | tokom | |
hair | upm | owpm | upm | |
ear | icoxop | iripam | ipiram | |
eye | saam | saxam | sakam | |
nose | opom | jup | jup | |
tooth | ukoxom | oxom | ukom | |
tongue | menaxaram | marap | marap | |
leg | apir | apir | apir | |
louse | numu | soːm | ||
dog | upoc | epere; epe(re) | epe | |
pig | wakum | wakum | wakum | |
bird | wakem | səpam | towpam | |
egg | mapiam | mapiaxam | mapiakam | |
blood | wis | jes; yes | jet; yet | |
bone | nömöp | namop; nəmop | nomop | |
skin | piep | pip | pip | |
breast | ötöm | erem | ||
tree | wim | wom | wom | |
man | mapirie | jo; yo | jo; yo | |
woman | enepe | onop | onop | |
sun | teme | taam | taam | |
moon | kaʔaram | xaxaram | kakaram | |
water | oxom | oxom | okom | |
fire | acu | aru | aru | |
stone | iki | kakup | maitu | |
road, path | sepmop | xami | kame | |
eat | owp | xapri | kapri | |
one | papriaxap | paxamu | pakamok | |
two | coopm | tosigi | totigi |