Conversations about Important Things explained

Conversations about Important Things[1] (Russian: Разговоры о важном|translit=Razgovory o vazhnom,), or Important Conversations for short,[2] is a name for a series of compulsory school lessons in Russia that covers various topics from the Russian government's perspective, such as national identity, public holidays, and world events. Important Conversations lessons take place every Monday morning during the school year, following the flag-raising ceremony.

Important Conversations was developed by the Institute for Education Development Strategy, on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Education,[3] and was part of a 17-year long effort by the Russian government to introduce "patriotic education" to schools in Russia.[4] The first Important Conversations lessons took place nationwide on 5 September 2022,[1] and are generally considered to be part of the Russian government's information war in relation to their invasion of Ukraine, which they call a "special military operation".

The Russian government has defended Important Conversations, claiming that it promotes "national unity, patriotism and traditional values".[2] However, many teachers and parents have resisted the initiative as an attempt by the Russian government to introduce political propaganda and militarism into the education system. In response, teachers and students (along with their parents) have faced reprisals for not participating in Important Conversations lessons, in the context of the ongoing crackdown on protests against the invasion.[5]

Background

The origins of using school lessons to promote "Russian values" go back to July 2005, when then-Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov approved funding for a similar programme called "Patriotic Education for Citizens of the Russian Federation".[4] According to geography teacher Kyamran Manafly, the government sent to schools materials for "patriotic lessons" for many years since 2005, but many teachers ignored them due to lack of interest from the students.[6] On 21 May 2020, The Moscow Times reported that Russian President Vladimir Putin made another effort to introduce "patriotic lessons" by making citizenship and war history compulsory subjects under the Russian education law.[7]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian government increased their efforts to introduce "patriotic education" into schools, although some schools improvised such lessons or events shortly after the invasion started.[8] According to The Moscow Times on 19 April 2022, the Minister of Education Sergey Kravtsov announced plans for children to study history from Class 1 onwards instead of Class 4, and for schools to hold a flag-raising ceremony (similar to the Pledge of Allegiance in the United States) every Monday morning, from the start of the 2022–2023 school year.[9] Schools in the Kaluga and Voronezh oblasts introduced flag-raising ceremonies in mid-April.[10]

Plans for more children to study history evolved into Conversations about Important Things, which was unveiled by Kravtsov and the Institute for Education Development Strategy on 20 June 2022: according to the Institute, Important Conversations aimed to teach history and socio-political values from the Russian government's perspective.[3]

The first Important Conversations lessons took place nationwide on 5 September 2022, although Russian President Putin hosted an inaugural lesson with selected students in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad, on 1 September 2022.[6] The initial budget for the development of Important Conversations, which began in mid-April, was 22 million rubles, or about US$326,000 in 2022.[11] [12]

Schedule and content

The Conversations about Important Things takes place every Monday from 09:00 local time, during the school year and after the flag-raising ceremony.[9] [13] Since 20 February 2023, Channel One Russia's Good Morning programme included a segment involving Important Conversations, every Monday at 08:36 Moscow Time (UTC+3).[11]

The lessons cover various topics from the Russian government's perspective, such as national identity, public holidays, and world events. Some of the lesson plans reference developments associated with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which the Russian government calls a "special military operation",[5] and attempt to cover up or deny widely documented evidence of war crimes committed by Russian forces.[14] Each topic on the official website for Important Conversations lessons have separate sections for Classes 1–2, Classes 3–4, Classes 5–7, Classes 8–9, Classes 10–11 and Secondary Vocational Education.[15]

According to The New York Times on 3 June 2023, local school administrators were responsible for implementing Important Conversations: this meant the actual amount of politics and propaganda in the lessons depended on the school administration's stance towards the Russian government. For example, one teacher forced students to sing and dance to I'm Russian (Russian: Я русский|Ya russkiy) by Russian singer Shaman, while another taught algebra as an "important conversation" in the context of mathematics.[16]

Critical reception

The Conversations about Important Things were unpopular with many teachers and parents, with many criticising the lessons as an attempt by the Russian government to introduce political propaganda into the education system, despite laws that did not allow it.[8]

The Associated Press reported that some parents were shocked by the militaristic nature of Important Conversations lessons, with some comparing them to the "patriotic education" of the former Soviet Union.[17] There was notable controversy over the lesson plan for Our country — Russia, which originally instructed teachers to tell students from Class 3 onwards that Russia was "more precious" than life (Russian: Счастье Родины дороже жизни), and that it was "not scary" to die for Russia (Russian: За Родину-мать не страшно умирать).[18] [19]

The opposition trade union Alliance of Teachers called for parents to boycott the lessons, and for teachers to either boycott the lessons as well, or to present them from a more critical perspective than that of the Russian government.[2] The Associated Press reported cases of teachers attempting to depoliticise Important Conversations by developing their own content for the lessons.[17]

The initial criticism resulted in the Russian Ministry of Education making revisions to the lesson material in an attempt to reduce mentions of the military and current events (such as the invasion of Ukraine),[13] which included the removal of controversial passages from Our country — Russia.[20] However, there is evidence that the lessons continue to actively reference the war in Ukraine.[5] [21] Teachers who refused to teach the lessons risk either losing their jobs or being designated as a "foreign agent", and some teachers have left (or considered leaving) Russia in protest of Important Conversations.[2] [22]

Parents have also called for the right to withdraw their children from Important Conversations lessons: although the Russian Ministry of Education initially claimed that the lessons were voluntary extracurricular activities,[13] Russian students and their parents have been investigated by the police, or threatened with expulsion, for refusing to attend Important Conversations lessons.[5] [23]

The Ministry of Education later admitted that the classes were compulsory, warning that students may be sanctioned for skipping the lessons.[13] [24] On 19 February 2023, the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group reported that the Minister of Education Sergey Kravtsov planned to force parents of students to attend Important Conversations lessons.[21]

Analysis

In November 2022, Times Higher Education reported that academics had different opinions on how the Conversations about Important Things would affect the development of beliefs among Russian students. Professor Grigory Yudin of the Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences expressed concern that Important Conversations increased the risk of turning otherwise apathetic or anti-war students into "willing fighters". However, Professor Isak Froumin of the Higher School of Economics and researcher Svetland Shenderova believed that Important Conversations would fail: Shenderova in particular stated that Important Conversations may backfire in the same way as scientific communism, by fuelling the students' hatred towards the Russian government's ideology, which includes Putinism.[25]

List of Important Conversations lessons

2022–2023

! colspan=2
TopicNotes
English nameRussian name
05 Sep 2022Knowledge DayRussian: День знаний
12 Sep 2022Russian: Наша страна — РоссияEarly versions of the lesson plan for children from Class 3 onwards included the teaching of expressions such as "It's not scary to die for the Motherland" (Russian: За Родину-мать не страшно умирать).[26]
19 Sep 2022165th anniversary of the birth of Konstantin TsiolkovskyRussian: 165-летие со дня рождения К. Э. Циолковского[27]
26 Sep 2022Senior Citizens' Day[28] Russian: День пожилых людейThis topic commemorates the International Day of Older Persons, which occurred on 1 October.[29]
03 Oct 2022Teacher's DayRussian: День учителя[30]
10 Oct 2022Father's DayRussian: День отца[31]
17 Oct 2022Music DayRussian: День музыкиThis topic commemorates International Music Day, which occurred on 1 October 2022.[32]
24 Oct 2022Russia — a world leader in the nuclear industryRussian: Россия — мировой лидер атомной отраслиThe topic was supported by Rosatom and the Homo Science Project.[33]
31 Oct 2022
07 Nov 2022National Unity Day[34] Russian: День народного единства[35]
14 Nov 2022We are different, we are togetherRussian: Мы разные, мы вместе[36]
21 Nov 2022Mother's DayRussian: День матери[37]
28 Nov 2022Symbols of RussiaRussian: Символы России[38]
05 Dec 2022[Civil] Volunteers of RussiaRussian: Волонтеры России[39]
12 Dec 2022Constitution DayRussian: День Конституции[40]
19 Dec 2022Fatherland's Heroes DayRussian: День Героев ОтечестваThis topic covers the commemorative day that occurred on 9 December 2022.[41]
26 Dec 2022New Year's Day

family holidays and dreams

Russian: Новый год. Семейные праздники и мечты[42]
02 Jan 2023
09 Jan 2023Christmas holidayRussian: Светлый праздник Рождества[43]
16 Jan 2023Breaking through the siege of LeningradRussian: Прорыв блокады Ленинграда[44]
23 Jan 2023Media literacy and computer securityRussian: Медиаграмотность и цифровая гигиена[45]
30 Jan 2023Movement of the FirstRussian: Движение первыхThis youth organisation was created on 18 December 2022: the topic was supported by the Institute for the Study of Childhood, Family and Education of the Russian Academy of Education.[46]
06 Feb 2023Russian Science DayRussian: День российской науки[47]
13 Feb 2023Russia in the worldRussian: Россия в мире[48]
20 Feb 2023Defender of the Fatherland DayRussian: День защитника Отечества[49]
27 Feb 2023Traditional family valuesRussian: Традиционные семейные ценности[50]
06 Mar 2023Year of Teachers and Mentors[51] Russian: Год педагога и наставника[52]
13 Mar 2023110th anniversary of the birth of Sergey MikhalkovRussian: С. В. Михалков. 110 лет со дня рожденияSergey Mikhalkov (born on 13 March 1913 N.S.) wrote the lyrics of the national anthem of Russia.[53]
20 Mar 2023Day of the reunification of Crimea with RussiaRussian: День воссоединения Крыма с РоссиейThis topic commemorates the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, on 18 March 2014.[54]
27 Mar 2023Theater Day

160th anniversary of the birth of Konstantin Stanislavski

Russian: День театра. 160 лет со дня рождения К. С. СтаниславскогоThis topic commemorates World Theatre Day, which occurred on 27 March 2022.[55]
03 Apr 2023Earth DayRussian: День земли[56]
10 Apr 2023Cosmonautics Day

we are first!

Russian: День космонавтики. Мы первые!This topic commemorates Yuri Gagarin, the first person to go to space.[57]
17 Apr 2023Day of Remembrance of the genocide of the Soviet people by the Nazis and their accomplicesRussian: День памяти о геноциде советского народа нацистами и их пособниками[58]
24 Apr 2023Labour Day

world of professions

Russian: День труда. Мир профессий[59]
4 May 2023Victory Day

Immortal Regiment

Russian: День Победы. Бессмертный полк[60]
15 May 2023Day of Children's Public AssociationsRussian: День детских общественных объединенийThis topic also promotes the Movement of the First youth organisation.[61]
22 May 2023About happinessRussian: Про счастье[62]

2023–2024

! colspan=2
TopicNotes
English nameRussian name
04 Sep 2023Knowledge DayRussian: День знаний[63]
11 Sep 2023Where Russia isRussian: Там, где Россия[64]
18 Sep 2023100th anniversary of the birth of Zoya KosmodemyanskayaRussian: К 100-летию со дня рождения Зои Космодемьянской[65]
25 Sep 2023Electoral system of Russia (30th anniversary of the Central Election Commission)Russian: Избирательная система России (30 лет ЦИК)[66]
02 Oct 2023Teacher's Day (educational advisors)Russian: День учителя (советники по воспитанию)[67]
09 Oct 2023About teamworkRussian: О взаимоотношениях в коллективе[68]
16 Oct 2023On the other side of the screen: 115 years of Russian cinemaRussian: По ту сторону экрана. 115 лет кино в России[69]
23 Oct 2023Special Forces DayRussian: День спецназа[70]
30 Oct 2023National Unity DayRussian: День народного единстваThis topic covered a public holiday that occurred on 4 November.[71]
06 Nov 2023
13 Nov 2023Russia: looking into the futureRussian: Россия: взгляд в будущее[72]
20 Nov 2023About family relationshipsRussian: О взаимоотношениях в семье[73]
27 Nov 2023What is the Motherland?Russian: Что такое Родина?[74]
04 Dec 2023We are togetherRussian: Мы вместе[75]
11 Dec 2023The country's constitutionRussian: Главный закон страныThis topic covers Constitution Day, a commemorative day that occurs on 12 December.[76]
18 Dec 2023Heroes of our timeRussian: Герои нашего времени[77]
25 Dec 2023New Year's family traditions of different peoples of RussiaRussian: Новогодние семейные традиции разных народов России[78]
02 Jan 2024
09 Jan 2024From A to Z: 450 years of The Alphabet by Ivan FyodorovRussian: От А до Я. 450 лет "Азбуке" Ивана Фёдорова[79]
15 Jan 2024Taxation literacyRussian: Налоговая грамотность[80]
22 Jan 2024Unconquered: 80th anniversary of the liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockadeRussian: Непокоренные. 80 лет со дня полного освобождения Ленинграда от фашистской блокады[81]
29 Jan 2024Allies of RussiaRussian: Союзники России[82]
05 Feb 2024Russian Science DayRussian: День российской науки[83]
12 Feb 2024Discoverers' DayRussian: День первооткрывателя[84]
19 Feb 2024Defender of the Fatherland DayRussian: День защитника Отечества[85]
26 Feb 2024World Festival of YouthRussian: Всемирный фестиваль молодёжи[86]
04 Mar 2024How do you find your place in society?Russian: Как найти свое место в обществе?[87]
11 Mar 2024From the southern seas to the polar edgeRussian: От южных морей до полярного края[88]
18 Mar 2024Crimea and Sevastopol: 10 years in their home portRussian: Крым и Севастополь: 10 лет в родной гаваниThis topic commemorates ten years since the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, on 18 March 2014.[89]
25 Mar 2024Unity of the peoples of RussiaRussian: Единство народов РоссииThis topic was created in response to the Crocus City Hall attack. According to Russia.Post of the George Washington University on 27 March 2024, the content of the topic references attempts by the Russian government to blame Ukraine and the Western world for the attack,[90] despite the Islamic State – Khorasan Province group claiming responsibility by providing body camera footage from one of the attackers.[91] [92]
01 Apr 2024Russia is a healthy powerRussian: Россия - здоровая державаThis topic, which covers personal health, was postponed from 25 March 2024 due to the Crocus City Hall attack.[93] [94]
08 Apr 2024"I see Earth! It is so beautiful"[95] Russian: «Я вижу землю! Это так красиво!»This topic commemorates Yuri Gagarin, the first person to go to space.[96]
15 Apr 2024215th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai GogolRussian: 215-летие со дня рождения Н.В. Гоголя[97]
22 Apr 2024Work is coolRussian: Труд КрутThis topic covers youth employment.[98]
29 Apr 2024Eco-friendly consumptionRussian: Экологичное потребление[99]
06 May 2024Victory DayRussian: День ПобедыThis topic covers Victory Day, on 9 May 2024. [100]
13 May 2024Russian language, great and mighty: 225 years since the birth of A.S. PushkinRussian: Русский язык. Великий и могучий. 225 лет со дня рождения А.С. Пушкина[101]
20 May 2024Be ready! The Day of Children's Public AssociationsRussian: Будь готов! Ко дню детских общественных организацийThis topic also promotes the Movement of the First youth organisation.[102]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Berkhead. Samantha. Putin insists Russian students must learn 'patriotic values' from age seven. 15 May 2023. The Times. 1 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20230515215721/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/putin-insists-russian-students-must-learn-patriotic-values-from-age-of-seven-0tbm88q8d. 15 May 2023. London. en-gb. …so-called "conversations about important things"….
  2. Web site: Rozhanovskaya. Nina. Russian Schools in a Time of War: A Lesson in Indoctrination. Kennan Institute. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 3 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230925020200/https://ukraine.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/russian-schools-time-war-lesson-indoctrination. 25 September 2023. Washington, D.C.. en-us. 15 September 2023. …the first Important Conversations series….
  3. Web site: "Conversations about Important Things" lessons. Institute for Education Development Strategy. Russian Academy of Education. 3 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231003122923/https://www.instrao.ru/index.php/novosti-i-anonsy/novosti/item/4093-uroki-razgovory-o-vazhnom. 3 October 2023. Moscow. ru. 20 June 2022. unfit.
  4. News: Bigg. Claire. Russia: Here Comes The Sun For Putin's Patriotic Youth. 4 September 2023. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 20 July 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20210211225103/https://www.rferl.org/a/1060055.html. 11 February 2021. Prague. en-us.
  5. News: Satanovskiy. Sergey. Mandatory patriotism classes in Russian schools. 13 October 2023. DW News. Deutsche Welle. 9 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221110114042/https://www.dw.com/en/mandatory-patriotism-classes-in-russian-schools/a-63687952. 10 November 2022. Bonn. en-gb.
  6. News: Kotlyar. Yevgenia. Coalson. Robert. 'It's Not Scary To Die For The Motherland': As War On Ukraine Rages, Russian Children Targeted For 'Patriotic' Education. 23 May 2023. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220930150807/https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-schoolchildren-patriotic-education-ukraine-war/32016144.html. 30 September 2022. Prague. en-us.
  7. News: Putin Adds Patriotism, War History to School Curriculum. 14 October 2023. The Moscow Times. Alexander Gubsky. 22 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200524012405/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/05/22/putin-adds-patriotism-war-history-to-school-curriculum-a70347. 24 May 2020. Amsterdam. en-us.
  8. News: Ilyushina. Mary. Putin's war propaganda becomes 'patriotic' lessons in Russian schools. 14 October 2023. The Washington Post. Fred Ryan. 20 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220327101413/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/20/putin-russia-schools-ukraine. 27 March 2022. Washington, D.C.. en-us.
  9. News: Russia Announces Compulsory Patriotic History Education for 7-Year-Olds. 3 October 2023. The Moscow Times. Alexander Gubsky. 19 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220430210912/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/19/russia-announces-compulsory-patriotic-history-education-for-7-year-olds-a77406. 30 April 2022. Amsterdam. en-us.
  10. News: Russia to Spend $17M on Flags for School Ceremonies. 13 October 2023. The Moscow Times. Alexander Gubsky. 10 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220611042940/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/06/10/russia-to-spend-17m-on-flags-for-school-ceremonies-a77968. 11 June 2022. Amsterdam. en-us.
  11. News: "Conversations about Important Things" will begin to be shown on TV. 3 October 2023. Fontanka.ru. Azhur Media. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216165619/https://www.fontanka.ru/2023/02/16/72066758. 16 February 2023. Saint Petersburg. ru-ru.
  12. News: Roth. Andrew. Lessons in patriotism used to justify Ukraine invasion to Russia's children. 15 October 2023. The Guardian. 23 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220427013312/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/23/lessons-in-patriotism-used-to-justify-ukraine-invasion-to-russias-children. 27 April 2022. London. en-gb.
  13. News: Weir. Fred. Kremlin pushes patriotism in class. Teachers and parents push back.. 3 October 2023. Christian Science Monitor. Christian Science Publishing Society. 11 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221015203641/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/1011/Kremlin-pushes-patriotism-in-class.-Teachers-and-parents-push-back. 15 October 2022. Boston. en-us.
  14. News: Roth. Andrew. Russian parents and teachers urged to boycott 'propaganda classes'. 13 October 2023. The Guardian. 1 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220905104546/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/01/russian-parents-and-teachers-urged-to-boycott-propaganda-classes. 5 September 2022. London. en-gb. See also: War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
  15. Web site: Knowledge Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230831111728/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/4. 31 August 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  16. News: MacFarquhar. Neil. Mazaeva. Milana. In Russian Schools, It's Recite Your ABC's and 'Love Your Army'. 31 October 2023. The New York Times. 3 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230609033214/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/world/europe/russia-schools-military-war.html. 9 June 2023. New York City. en-us.
  17. News: Litvinova. Dasha. Russian students are returning to school, where they face new lessons to boost their patriotism. 3 October 2023. AP News. Associated Press. 1 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230902032349/https://apnews.com/article/russia-school-ukraine-curriculum-war-history-putin-98b0110e32608c6652e8dfacd01d0b6a. 2 September 2023. New York City. en-us.
  18. News: Beardsworth. James. Russian Schoolchildren Return to Classrooms Changed by War. 15 October 2023. The Moscow Times. Alexander Gubsky. 2 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220910015115/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/02/russian-schoolchildren-return-to-classrooms-changed-by-war-a78706. 10 September 2022. Amsterdam. en-us.
  19. Web site: Lesson Scenario: Our Country — Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20220831124525/https://razgovor-cdn.edsoo.ru/media/file/ourcountry-34-script.pdf. 31 August 2022. Moscow. 6. ru. 13 August 2022. unfit.
  20. Web site: Verzhanovskaya. Tatiana. An edited version of the guidelines for "Conversations about Important Things" has been published. Pedsovet. Obraz Center. 16 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20220925080957/https://pedsovet.org/article/opublikovana-otredaktirovannaa-versia-metodicek-dla-razgovorov-o-vaznom. 25 September 2022. Moscow. ru. 7 September 2022. Web site: Lesson Scenario: Our Country — Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 16 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20220907012249/https://razgovor-cdn.edsoo.ru/media/file/ourcountry-34-script.pdf. 7 September 2022. Moscow. 6. ru. 6 September 2022. unfit.
  21. Web site: Russia will force parents to attend war propaganda classes about its 'liberation of Ukraine'. Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. 3 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230322153538/https://khpg.org/en/1608811843. 22 March 2023. Kharkiv. en-us. 21 February 2023.
  22. News: Rosenberg. Steve. Ukraine war: Russia's uncertain future a product of its past. 21 October 2023. BBC News. BBC. 2 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221106191053/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63471505. 6 November 2022. London. en-gb.
  23. News: Russian TV Airs Wartime 'Patriotism' Lessons for Schoolchildren. 14 October 2023. The Moscow Times. Alexander Gubsky. 17 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230314134533/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/17/russian-tv-airs-wartime-patriotism-lessons-for-schoolchildren-a80253. 14 March 2023. Amsterdam. en-us.
  24. Vorobiova. Anastasiia. The New Russian School. Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional. Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog. 17 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230905215552/https://verfassungsblog.de/the-new-russian-school. 5 September 2023. Berlin. en-gb. 28 August 2023. 10.17176/20230828-182901-0 .
  25. News: Lem. Pola. Kremlin trails mandatory 'propaganda' course for students. 14 October 2023. Times Higher Education. THE World Universities Insights Limited. 4 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221104011720/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/kremlin-trails-mandatory-propaganda-course-students. 4 November 2022. London. en-gb.
  26. Web site: Our country — Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614212035/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/10. 14 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  27. Web site: 165th anniversary of the birth of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408220838/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/6. 8 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  28. Web site: Vladimir Putin met with veterans on Senior Citizens' Day. President of Russia. Russian Presidential Executive Office. 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20121004010756/http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/4457. 4 October 2012. Moscow. en-us. 1 October 2012. unfit.
  29. Web site: Senior Citizens' Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408224847/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/7. 8 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  30. Web site: Teacher's Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408055936/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/8. 8 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  31. Web site: Father's Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230409003049/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/9. 9 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  32. Web site: Music Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230409100331/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/21. 9 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  33. Web site: Russia — a world leader in the nuclear industry. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230524131017/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/22. 24 May 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  34. Web site: Russia is celebrating National Unity Day. President of Russia. Russian Presidential Executive Office. 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20140725030248/http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/4587. 25 July 2014. Moscow. en-us. 4 November 2012. unfit.
  35. Web site: National Unity Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408130139/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/23. 8 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  36. Web site: We are different, we are together. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408220837/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/24. 8 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  37. Web site: Mother's Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408224845/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/25. 8 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  38. Web site: Symbols of Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230401073742/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/26. 1 April 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  39. Web site: [Civil] Volunteers of Russia]. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173323/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/27. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  40. Web site: Constitution Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605180603/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/28. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  41. Web site: Fatherland's Heroes Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605160638/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/29. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  42. Web site: New Year's Day: family holidays and dreams. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230610233058/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/30. 10 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  43. Web site: Christmas holiday. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230615150503/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/31. 15 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  44. Web site: Breaking through the siege of Leningrad. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230613233327/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/33. 13 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  45. Web site: Media literacy and computer security. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605165901/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/34. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  46. Web site: Movement of the First. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173555/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/35. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  47. Web site: Russian Science Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230618183152/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/36. 18 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  48. Web site: Russia in the world. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605160907/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/37. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  49. Web site: Defender of the Fatherland Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605165157/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/38. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  50. Web site: Traditional family values. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605172929/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/39. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  51. Web site: Launch of Year of Teachers and Mentors. President of Russia. Russian Presidential Executive Office. 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302160946/http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70627. 2 March 2023. Moscow. en-us. 2 March 2023. unfit.
  52. Web site: Year of Teachers and Mentors. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605181626/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/40. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  53. Web site: 110th anniversary of the birth of Sergey Mikhalkov. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605170118/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/42. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  54. Web site: Day of the reunification of Crimea with Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173740/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/43. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  55. Web site: Theater Day: 160th anniversary of the birth of Konstantin Stanislavski. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605181026/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/44. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  56. Web site: Earth Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605161217/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/45. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  57. Web site: Cosmonautics Day: we are first!. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605165428/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/46. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  58. Web site: Day of Remembrance of the genocide of the Soviet people by the Nazis and their accomplices. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605180333/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/48. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  59. Web site: Labour Day: world of professions. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605160315/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/49. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  60. Web site: Victory Day: Immortal Regiment. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605170325/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/50. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  61. Web site: Day of Children's Public Associations. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173931/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/51. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  62. Web site: About happiness. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605181209/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/52. 5 June 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  63. Web site: Knowledge Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010063457/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/54. 10 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  64. Web site: Where Russia is. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231017000411/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/55. 17 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  65. Web site: 100th anniversary of the birth of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230920142018/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/56. 20 September 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  66. Web site: Electoral system of Russia (30th anniversary of the Central Election Commission). Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230929163230/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/57. 29 September 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  67. Web site: Teacher's Day (educational advisors). Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010050417/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/63. 10 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  68. Web site: About teamwork. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231013113140/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/64. 13 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  69. Web site: On the other side of the screen: 115 years of Russian cinema. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231018031659/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/65. 18 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  70. Web site: Special Forces Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 20 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184406/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/66. 20 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  71. Web site: National Unity Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 28 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231028072033/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/67. 28 October 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  72. Web site: Russia: looking into the future. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 23 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231123222733/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/69. 23 November 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  73. Web site: About family relationships. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 23 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231123222733/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/70. 23 November 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  74. Web site: What is the Motherland?. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 27 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231127155703/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/71. 27 November 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  75. Web site: We are together. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 6 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231206160552/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/72. 6 December 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  76. Web site: The country's constitution. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 6 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231206160618/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/74. 6 December 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  77. Web site: Heroes of our time. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 16 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231216033756/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/76. 16 December 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  78. Web site: New Year's family traditions of different peoples of Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221072231/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/75. 21 December 2023. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  79. Web site: From A to Z: 450 years of The Alphabet by Ivan Fyodorov. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 8 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045958/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/77. 8 January 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  80. Web site: Taxation literacy. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 17 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240217023151/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/78. 17 February 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  81. Web site: Unconquered: 80th anniversary of the liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockade. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 17 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240217023311/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/79. 17 February 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  82. Web site: Allies of Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 17 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240217023259/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/80. 17 February 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  83. Web site: Russian Science Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240308231352/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/82. 8 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  84. Web site: Discoverers' Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240210051832/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/83. 10 February 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  85. Web site: Defender of the Fatherland Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240216042618/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/84. 16 February 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  86. Web site: World Festival of Youth. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240311123102/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/87. 11 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  87. Web site: How do you find your place in society?. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240314040619/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/88. 14 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  88. Web site: From the southern seas to the polar edge. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240317191504/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/89. 17 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  89. Web site: Crimea and Sevastopol: 10 years in their home port. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240315172859/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/91. 15 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  90. Web site: Sorochinskaia. Sofia. Lessons in War: How the Kremlin is Aligning School Curriculum and its Agenda. Russia.Post. George Washington University. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240329210056/https://russiapost.info/digest/lessons. 29 March 2024. Washington, D.C.. en-us. 27 March 2024.
  91. News: Atentado en Moscú: ISIS-K difundió un escalofriante video del ataque desde adentro con gritos de "Alá es grande". Attack in Moscow: ISIS-K released a chilling video of the attack from inside with shouts of "Allah is great". 29 March 2024. Clarín. Clarín Group. 23 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240324005211/https://www.clarin.com/mundo/atentado-moscu-isis-k-difundio-escalofriante-video-ataque-adentro-gritos-ala-grande_0_2hfxIkC2ao.html. 24 March 2024. Buenos Aires. es-ar.
  92. Web site: Unity of the people of Russia. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240325141945/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/93. 25 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  93. Web site: Conversations about Important Things. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321143651/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/. 21 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  94. Web site: Russia is a healthy power. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240329191821/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/96. 29 March 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  95. Web site: I see Earth! It is so beautiful!. European Space Agency. European Space Agency. 29 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309043108/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/I_see_Earth!_It_is_so_beautiful!. 9 March 2022. Paris. en-gb. 12 April 2011.
  96. Web site: I see Earth! It is so beautiful!. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 12 April 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240412022057/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/95. 12 April 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  97. Web site: 215th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Gogol. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 21 April 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240421230105/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/94. 21 April 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  98. Web site: Work is cool. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 2 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175941/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/97. 2 May 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  99. Web site: Eco-friendly consumption. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 26 April 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240426143815/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/98. 26 April 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  100. Web site: Victory Day. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 4 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240504150933/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/99. 4 May 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  101. Web site: Russian language, great and mighty: 225 years since the birth of A.S. Pushkin. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 23 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240515231059/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/101. 15 May 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.
  102. Web site: Be ready! The Day of Children's Public Associations. Unified Content of General Education. Ministry of Education, Russia. 23 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240519115511/https://razgovor.edsoo.ru/topic/102. 19 May 2024. Moscow. ru. unfit.

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