Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities explained

Long Name:Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities
Date Signed:2 June 1988
Location Signed:Wellington
Date Effective:Not in force
Parties:19
Ratifiers:None
Depositor:New Zealand

The Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (popular as CRAMRA) is a treaty that is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. The convention was concluded at Wellington on 2 June 1988. The government of New Zealand is the depository of the treaty.[1]

The convention was signed by 19 states, but none have ratified it. Originally intended as "an international mining framework [...], which sought to regulate any possible future resource extraction",[2] the treaty eventually faced backlash by France and Australia and was never ratified. It established property rights and gave special privileges to seven claimant states – including the UK. Focus later shifted from possible resource extraction to environmental protection, the CRAMPA was shelved and in 1998 the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol)[3] came into force. Therefore, the convention never entered into force.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2020-05-09 . ENTRI -- Treaty Summary . https://web.archive.org/web/20200509230252/https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/entri/register/reg-151.rrr.html . 2020-05-09 . 2024-01-31 .
  2. Web site: Dodds . Klaus . 2018-07-12 . In 30 years the Antarctic Treaty becomes modifiable, and the fate of a continent could hang in the balance . 2024-01-31 . The Conversation . en-US.
  3. L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. CRAMRA Convention. In: The World of Antarctica. Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 140-143.
  4. Web site: 1988-06-02 . Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities. Done at Wellington 2 June 1988. Not in force . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190123081925/https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/entri/texts/acrc/cramra.txt.html . 2019-01-23.