Contactin 2 Explained

Contactin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNTN2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal membrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. It may also be involved in glial tumorigenesis and may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.^[3]

Interactions

CNTN2 has been shown to interact with CNTNAP2^[4] and NFYB.^[5]

Further reading

• Walsh FS, Doherty P . Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored recognition molecules that function in axonal fasciculation, growth and guidance in the nervous system . Cell Biology International Reports . 15 . 11 . 1151–66 . Nov 1991 . 1838307 . 10.1016/0309-1651(91)90061-M .
• Kuhn TB, Stoeckli ET, Condrau MA, Rathjen FG, Sonderegger P . Neurite outgrowth on immobilized axonin-1 is mediated by a heterophilic interaction with L1(G4) . The Journal of Cell Biology . 115 . 4 . 1113–26 . Nov 1991 . 1720120 . 2289947 . 10.1083/jcb.115.4.1113 .
• Dodd J, Morton SB, Karagogeos D, Yamamoto M, Jessell TM . Spatial regulation of axonal glycoprotein expression on subsets of embryonic spinal neurons . Neuron . 1 . 2 . 105–16 . Apr 1988 . 3272160 . 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90194-8 . 36629050 .
• Kenwrick S, Leversha M, Rooke L, Hasler T, Sonderegger P . Localization of the human TAX-1 gene to 1q32.1: a region implicated in microcephaly and Van der Woude syndrome . Human Molecular Genetics . 2 . 9 . 1461–2 . Sep 1993 . 8242070 . 10.1093/hmg/2.9.1461 .
• Rader C, Stoeckli ET, Ziegler U, Osterwalder T, Kunz B, Sonderegger P . Cell-cell adhesion by homophilic interaction of the neuronal recognition molecule axonin-1 . European Journal of Biochemistry . 215 . 1 . 133–41 . Jul 1993 . 8344273 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18015.x . free .
• Hasler TH, Rader C, Stoeckli ET, Zuellig RA, Sonderegger P . cDNA cloning, structural features, and eucaryotic expression of human TAG-1/axonin-1 . European Journal of Biochemistry . 211 . 1–2 . 329–39 . Jan 1993 . 8425542 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb19902.x . free .
• Kozlov SV, Giger RJ, Hasler T, Korvatska E, Schorderet DF, Sonderegger P . The human TAX1 gene encoding the axon-associated cell adhesion molecule TAG-1/axonin-1: genomic structure and basic promoter . Genomics . 30 . 2 . 141–8 . Nov 1995 . 8586412 . 10.1006/geno.1995.9892 .
• Milev P, Maurel P, Häring M, Margolis RK, Margolis RU . TAG-1/axonin-1 is a high-affinity ligand of neurocan, phosphacan/protein-tyrosine phosphatase-zeta/beta, and N-CAM . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 26 . 15716–23 . Jun 1996 . 8663515 . 10.1074/jbc.271.26.15716 . free .
• Pise-Masison CA, Dittmer J, Clemens KE, Brady JN . Physical and functional interaction between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax1 protein and the CCAAT binding protein NF-Y . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 17 . 3 . 1236–43 . Mar 1997 . 9032250 . 231848 . 10.1128/mcb.17.3.1236.
• Williams H, Schachner M, Wang B, Kenwrick S . Radiation hybrid mapping of the genes for tenascin-R (TNR), phosducin (PDC), laminin C1 (LAMC1), and TAX in 1q25-q32 . Genomics . 46 . 1 . 165–6 . Nov 1997 . 9403076 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4994 .
• Malhotra JD, Tsiotra P, Karagogeos D, Hortsch M . Cis-activation of L1-mediated ankyrin recruitment by TAG-1 homophilic cell adhesion . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 50 . 33354–9 . Dec 1998 . 9837910 . 10.1074/jbc.273.50.33354 . free .
• Freigang J, Proba K, Leder L, Diederichs K, Sonderegger P, Welte W . The crystal structure of the ligand binding module of axonin-1/TAG-1 suggests a zipper mechanism for neural cell adhesion . Cell . 101 . 4 . 425–33 . May 2000 . 10830169 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80852-1 . 15440572 . 2020-09-27 . 2018-07-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719022104/http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/1084/1/Freigang_2000%2C_Cell.pdf . dead .
• Rickman DS, Tyagi R, Zhu XX, Bobek MP, Song S, Blaivas M, Misek DE, Israel MA, Kurnit DM, Ross DA, Kish PE, Hanash SM . The gene for the axonal cell adhesion molecule TAX-1 is amplified and aberrantly expressed in malignant gliomas . Cancer Research . 61 . 5 . 2162–8 . Mar 2001 . 11280781 .
• Pavlou O, Theodorakis K, Falk J, Kutsche M, Schachner M, Faivre-Sarrailh C, Karagogeos D . Analysis of interactions of the adhesion molecule TAG-1 and its domains with other immunoglobulin superfamily members . Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences . 20 . 3 . 367–81 . Jul 2002 . 12139915 . 10.1006/mcne.2002.1105 . 714233 .
• Traka M, Goutebroze L, Denisenko N, Bessa M, Nifli A, Havaki S, Iwakura Y, Fukamauchi F, Watanabe K, Soliven B, Girault JA, Karagogeos D . Association of TAG-1 with Caspr2 is essential for the molecular organization of juxtaparanodal regions of myelinated fibers . The Journal of Cell Biology . 162 . 6 . 1161–72 . Sep 2003 . 12975355 . 2172849 . 10.1083/jcb.200305078 .
• Nagaraja GM, Kandpal RP . Chromosome 13q12 encoded Rho GTPase activating protein suppresses growth of breast carcinoma cells, and yeast two-hybrid screen shows its interaction with several proteins . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 313 . 3 . 654–65 . Jan 2004 . 14697242 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.001 .

Notes and References

1. Tsiotra PC, Karagogeos D, Theodorakis K, Michaelidis TM, Modi WS, Furley AJ, Jessell TM, Papamatheakis J . Isolation of the cDNA and chromosomal localization of the gene (TAX1) encoding the human axonal glycoprotein TAG-1 . Genomics . 18 . 3 . 562–7 . Dec 1993 . 8307567 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80357-X .
2. Yoshihara Y, Kawasaki M, Tamada A, Nagata S, Kagamiyama H, Mori K . Overlapping and differential expression of BIG-2, BIG-1, TAG-1, and F3: four members of an axon-associated cell adhesion molecule subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily . Journal of Neurobiology . 28 . 1 . 51–69 . Sep 1995 . 8586965 . 10.1002/neu.480280106 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CNTN2 contactin 2 (axonal).
4. Traka M, Goutebroze L, Denisenko N, Bessa M, Nifli A, Havaki S, Iwakura Y, Fukamauchi F, Watanabe K, Soliven B, Girault JA, Karagogeos D . Association of TAG-1 with Caspr2 is essential for the molecular organization of juxtaparanodal regions of myelinated fibers . The Journal of Cell Biology . 162 . 6 . 1161–72 . Sep 2003 . 12975355 . 2172849 . 10.1083/jcb.200305078 .
5. Pise-Masison CA, Dittmer J, Clemens KE, Brady JN . Physical and functional interaction between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax1 protein and the CCAAT binding protein NF-Y . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 17 . 3 . 1236–43 . Mar 1997 . 9032250 . 231848 . 10.1128/mcb.17.3.1236.